scholarly journals Measurement and Analysis of Near-Ground Propagation Models under Different Terrains for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weisheng Tang ◽  
Xiaoyuan Ma ◽  
Jianming Wei ◽  
Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Channels ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indication

The propagation model is an essential component in the design and deployment of a wireless sensor network (WSN). Although much attention has been given to near-ground propagation models, few studies place the transceiver directly on the ground with the height of antennas at the level of a few centimeters, which is a more realistic deployment scenario for WSNs. We measured the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of these truly near-ground WSNs at 470 MHz under four different terrains, namely flat concrete road, flat grass and two derived scenarios, and obtained the corresponding path loss models. By comprehensive analysis of the influence of different antenna heights and terrain factors, we showed the limit of existing theoretical models and proposed a propagation model selection strategy to more accurately reflect the true characteristics of the near-ground wireless channels for WSNs. In addition, we implemented these models on Cooja simulator and showed that simplistic theoretical models would induce great inaccuracy of network connectivity estimation.

An Energy-Balance Based Distributed Topology Control Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 1392-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu Hang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Topology Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor

Topology control is an efficient approach which can reduce energy consumption for wireless sensor networks, and the current algorithms mostly focus on reducing the nodes’ energy consumption by power adjusting, but pay little attention to balance energy consumption of the whole network, which results in premature death of many nodes. Thus, a distributed topology control algorithm based on path-loss and residual energy (PRTC) is designed in this paper. This algorithm not only maintains the least loss links between nodes but also balances the energy consumption of the network. The simulation results show that the topology constructed by PRTC can preserve network connectivity as well as extend the lifetime of the network and provide good performance of energy consumption.

A WSN-Based Localization Scheme Considering the Reliability of RSSI Measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 679 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
In Whee Joe ◽  
Myung Oh Park
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Reference Node ◽  
Localization Scheme ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indication

In this paper, we propose a localization scheme considering the reliability of RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) measurements in the WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) environment. This scheme attempts to reduce location errors due to indoor obstacles or environmental factors, when location calculations are based on RSSI. The standard deviation is used to evaluate the reliability of RSSI measurements from the reference node. Also, the directional path loss exponent is calculated through learning with respect to the reference node. The experimental results show that the proposed localization scheme improves the performance significantly in terms of location accuracy, compared to the existing RSSI-based approaches.

scholarly journals Outdoor Radio Propagation Model Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Kakkar ◽  
Amarah Zahra ◽  
Hritwik Todawat ◽  
Vaishnawi Singh ◽  
Farhana Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Ga Algorithm ◽  
Optimum Path ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Radio Propagation Model

Path loss which is one of the main issues in wireless communication system and has been studied for long time. With the tremendous increase in demand in wireless technology, this Path loss needs to be optimized. Therefore, it is very important to analyse these different propagation models in order to get some useful information out and develop a system based on it. This is done to get the optimum path loss from different models. These are useful tools which makes the designers capable of designing a wireless system with great efficiency. In pursuit of the same, this paper attempts to optimize free space propagation model and hata model using GA algorithm, and shows a comparison by putting them side by side. This paper gives an insight of comparison between free space and Hata model in wireless communication taking different propagation environments into consideration.

Empirical path loss models for 5G wireless sensor network in coastal pebble/sand environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Bahadir Basyigit
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Propagation Modeling ◽  
Loss Models ◽  
Sporting Activities

Abstract Propagation modeling of small/big pebbles and air-dry/wet sand environments for wireless sensor networks has not been extensively studied in the 5G frequency band. This study is necessary for the proper coverage planning and efficient operation of wireless sensors in various applications such as monitoring summer sporting activities, and environmental/ground surveillance on coastal pebble/sand environments, or tracking pebble mobility and including the rescue of the flood-type avalanche in Gravel-Bed Rivers. In this study, empirical path loss models are proposed for wireless sensor networks in pebble/sand environments at two discrete frequencies, namely 3.5 and 4.2 GHz. The theoretical models and proposed models are compared to indicate the accuracy of proposed models in predicting the path loss in these environments. Additionally, R-squared and RMSE values of eight different generated models are calculated in the range of 0.931–0.877 and 2.284–2.837, respectively. These comparisons indicate that empirical model parameters have a significant effect on the path loss model.

scholarly journals Statistical tuning of cost 231 Hata model in deployed 1800mhz GSM networks for a rural environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1216-1222
Author(s):  
E.L. Omoze ◽  
F.O. Edeko
Keyword(s):  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Frequency Assignment ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Least Square Approach ◽  
Edo State ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

Radio propagation planning requires the use of propagation models in planning cell size as well as frequency assignment. This paper presents a comparative study of path loss predicted using COST 231 Hata model and ECC-33 model on received signal strength data collected from three deployed GSM networks at 1800MHz in Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research environment (NIFOR), Edo State, Nigeria. Based on the Mean Prediction Error (MPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values obtained from the comparison, the COST 231 Hata model was tuned using the least square approach. The result obtained after tuning shows that for Network A; MPE andRMSE values reduces to 1.17 dB and 5.5dB. For Network B, MPE and RMSE values reduces to 2.26 dB and 7.16dB. While, for Network C; MPE and RMSE values reduces to 6.21 dB and 10.78dB. The results obtained show that the tuned COST 231 Hata model can be used for radio planning in the study environment as well as other environment with similar terrain profile. Keywords: Propagation model, Path loss, COST 231 Hata model, ECC-33 model, Least square tuning approach, MPE and RMSE

Survey of Radio Propagation Models for Acoustic Applications in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Saini ◽  
Rishi Pal Singh ◽  
Adwitiya Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Path Loss Model ◽  
Radio Propagation Model

Background: Acoustic waves have a large range of applications in UWSNs from underwater monitoring to disaster management, military surveillance to assisted navigation. Acoustic waves are primarily used for wireless communication in water. But radio waves are more suitable than acoustic waves for many underwater applications (e.g. real-time applications, shallow water applications). Objectives: A propagation model is required to effectively design a radio wave based UWSN. Propagation model predicts the average received signal strength at a given distance from the transmitter and the variability of the signal strength in close spatial proximity to a particular location. Various radio propagation models are developed for air. Methods: The performance of RF-EM waves underwater is not the same as that in the air. Many parameters which have real-value in the air becomes complex valued in seawater. Thus, propagation models for air cannot be directly used to calculate propagation loss underwater. Various radio propagation models are developed for water by Al-Shamaa’a et al., Uribe and Grote, Jiang et al., Elrashidi et al., Hattab et al. Each model has some merits and demerits. Path loss model developed by Al-Shamma’a et al. is a simple model based on attenuation only. Results: Uribe and Grote have introduced distance-dependent attenuation coefficient in path loss calculation. Path loss model by Jiang et al. calculates path loss for freshwater. Model by Hattab et al. is specifically designed for UWSN. According to the authors, it is the first path loss model developed for UWSN. Elrashidi et al. have calculated path loss for freshwater and seawater at 2.4 GHz. The model includes the effect of the reflected signals on the received signal by the receiver node. Conclusion: The paper presents a comparative analysis of these various radio propagation models developed for underwater. Among these models, the radio propagation model by Hattab et al. is more realistic and covers both propagation loss and interface loss. According to the authors, it is the first radio propagation model developed for UWSNs.

scholarly journals Investigation of Empirical Wave Propagation Models in Precision Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 06020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sabri ◽  
Mohammed S. S ◽  
Sarah Fouad ◽  
Syed A. A ◽  
Fahad Taha AL-Dhief ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Vegetation Models

Wireless Sensor Networks have highly proved its contribution in precision agriculture. Communication channel modelling investigation is a highly demanded to achieve a successful communication system where a good wave propagation model is crucially needed. Precision agriculture degrades the traveling waves in various forms in addition to the effects of the large-scale path losses models. This paper reviews the most known theoretical large-scale path losses models such as free space (FSPL) and Plane earth (PE) models as well as the vegetation models represented by Weissberger, ITU-R, FITU-R and COS235 models. Indeed, this work illustrates the effects of many factors on the total path losses such as separation distance between transceivers, antenna heights and the depth of vegetation that presence in the path propagation. In conclusion, the total path loss is computed based on large-scale path losses and the vegetation losses in protected vegetation environment.

scholarly journals ANFIS Model for Path Loss Prediction in the GSM and WCDMA Bands in Urban Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Faruk ◽  
N. T. Surajudeen-Bakinde ◽  
Abubakar Abdulkarim ◽  
Segun I. Popoola ◽  
A. Abdulkarim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Anfis Model ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Reliable Model ◽  
Loss Prediction ◽  
Path Loss Prediction

Path loss propagation is a vital concern when designing and planning networks in mobile communication systems. Propagation models such as the empirical, deterministic and theoretical models, which possess complex, inconsistent, time-consuming and non-adaptable features, have proven to be inefficient in designing of wireless systems, thereby resulting in the need for a more reliable model. Artificial Intelligence methods seem to overcome the drawbacks of the propagation models for predicting path loss. In this paper, the ANFIS approach to path loss prediction in the GSM and WCDMA bands is presented for selected urban areas in Nigeria. Furthermore, the effects of the number of Membership Functions (MFs) are investigated. The prediction results indicated that the ANFIS model outperformed the Hata, Cost-231, Egli and ECC-33 models in both Kano and Abuja urban areas. In addition, an increase in the number of MFs conceded an improved RMSE result for the generalized bell-shaped MF. The general performance and outcome of this research work show the efficiency and usefulness of the ANFIS model in improving prediction accuracy over propagation models

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