THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ANALYSIS OF EXPORT OF GOODS AND SERVICES IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and methodological aspects of the analysis of exports of goods and services in the context of regional development. The structural and logical scheme of the analysis of export of goods and services is of-fered. Export of the Kharkiv region was assessed by geographical structure, by goods and by countries. In general, the geograph-ical structure of export Kharkiv region shows a reorientation of commodities to EU countries. The export of services of the Kharkiv region by geographical structure and by types of economic activity is analyzed. Kharkiv region has a developed and diversified economy. There are large enterprises of mechanical engineering, agricultural and food industries, energy, developed oil and gas complex in the region. The geopolitical situation, as well as the crisis caused by the COVID­19 pandemic, have significantly con-tributed to changes in the directions and instruments of the region's foreign policy. Based on this, it is possible to determine the objectives of the study, which is to analyze and evaluate the exports of the Kharkiv region in order to determine priorities to ensure its competitiveness. It is determined that the export of services of the Kharkiv region is dominated by services and computer services. To ensure the efficiency of exports of services, it is necessary to pursue a policy of increasing their volume by expand-ing the volume of other activities, such as education, tourism and others. A SWOT­analysis of exports of the Kharkiv region was conducted. The risks of slowing down export flows and strategic directions for improving the export activity of the Kharkiv region have been identified.Kharkiv region has enough competitive advantages in the development of export of commodities: natural resource potential, high quality and competitiveness of food industry and mechanical engineering, diversification of export flows by country, adaptation to European standards and quality requirements. Foreign economic entities are the most efficient part of business, and therefore deregulation and tax leverages are an important incentive to ensure favorable conditions for export flows. Given the high intellectual capital of the region, it is important to support the development of innovation through attracting investment in research and development, the introduction of public funding. Innovative products and services will help improve he position of the region and the country at the global level and ensure the growth of exports. The imperfection of the institutional framework in the innovation sphere also affects Ukraine's ratings in the internationally competitive environment. Regulatory policy in the context of the region's exports should be comprehensive and balanced using determined instruments.Keywords: export, regional development, Kharkiv region, export of goods, export of services, SWOT­analysis, export potential. Статтю присвячено дослідженню теоретико­методичних аспектів аналізу експорту товарів і послуг у контексті регіонального розвитку. Запропоновано структурно­логічну схему аналізу експорту товарів і послуг. Проведено аналіз експорту Харківського регіону за географічною структурою, за товарами та за країнами. У цілому географічна структура експорту України показує переорієнтацію поставок до країн ЄС. Проаналізовано експорт послуг Харківської області за географічною структурою та за видами економічної діяльності. Визначено, що в експорті послуг Харківської області домінують консалтингові та комп'ютерні послуги. Для забезпечення ефективності експорту послуг необхідно проводити політику щодо збільшення їхніх обсягів шляхом розширення обсягів за іншими видами діяльності, такими як освітні, туристичні та ін. Проведено SWOT­аналіз експортного потенціалу Харківського регіону. Визначено ризики гальмування експортних потоків та стратегічні напрями поліпшення експортної діяльності в Харківській області. Ключові слова: експорт, регіональний розвиток, Харківська область, експорт товарів, експорт послуг, SWOT­аналіз, експортний потенціал.

The shores of the contact zone of the Subarctic and moderately cold seas

Longitude sectorality and latitudinal zonality of morpholithogenesis on the coast of Sakhalin is the result of the unique geographical position of the island, which is a zone of mutual influences and interactions of neighboring geosystems of the subarctic Sea of Okhotsk and the moderately cold northern part of the Sea of Japan – a contact geographical structure. Based on the digitizing of maps of morphogenetic types of shores, modern morpholithodynamic settings and lithological complexes of the coast, geomorphological and morphodynamic differences of the shores of Sakhalin Island are shown, the eastern shores of which have a subarctic appearance, and the western shores are washed by the temperate sea.

Influence des activités humaines sur la répartition des fourmis du genre Messor dans les Pyrénées-Orientales (Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Myrmicinae)

Influence of human activities on the distribution of ants of the genus Messor in Pyrénées-Orientales (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). - Based on the distribution of the genus Messor in Pyrénées-Orientales (France), a study of the distribution and geographical structure of the genus is presented, accompanied by a discussion of the process of dispersal over the ages. These ants have a diet strictly composed of seeds, the availability of which influences their establishment. A link between the historical development of human agriculture, characterized by concomitant displacement of cultivated and messicole plants, and the geographic distribution of Messor ants is suggested in this study.

Weak Geographical Structure of Juniperus sabina (Cupressaceae) Morphology despite Its Discontinuous Range and Genetic Differentiation

In Europe, Juniperus sabina L. is a mountainous, rare species that creates small, scattered populations, suggesting their refugial nature. Recently, a new variety of this juniper, J. sabina var. balkanensis R. P. Adams et A. N. Tashev was described based on genetic studies. We expected morphological differentiation among isolated parts of the species range and between varieties, as was the case with other Mediterranean junipers. Cones, seeds and fragments of shoots from a total of 506 individuals were collected from 24 populations in Europe and for comparisons from three populations from Tian Shan. Almost all of the 16 analysed features significantly differentiated among populations and geographical regions as well as between the varieties, although most groups differed from others only in terms of a single feature. The thickness of cones, the width of shoots and the length of seeds were the most important features for differentiation. The geographical structure of the variation of J. sabina was weak, and comparative populations from Tian Shan were clustered with European populations, similar to the findings of a previous study on essential oils. We found slightly different patterns of variation of the two varieties of the species. The little intra-species differentiation could be the result of the long period of contact between nowadays distinct populations and their relatively late separation in the early Holocene.

Flora of railway embankments in the vicinity of Abakan station (Republic of Khakassia)

xThe studied flora of railway embankments of Abakan stations includes 60 species belonging to 23 familiesand 54 genera. Analysis of the flora by taxonomic composition showed the predominance of small-species families andgenera in the flora. The ecological and geographical structure of the flora is studied. The biomorphological spectrum ischaracterized by an increased participation of species with a short life cycle.

Statistical analysis of geographical structure foreign direct investment in Ukraine

Introduction. Foreign direct investment occupies a significant place in financial flows and creates tools through which stable and long-term ties between countries are formed. Investment flows, which are both balanced and geographically and conjunctively disproportionate, can have positive and negative consequences for the host country’s economy. Particular attention should be paid to the qualitative parameters of the foreign investment process, which include the country of origin of investments, that is, their geographical location.Purpose. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of the geographical structure of foreign direct investment in Ukraine throughout the time-period of our country’s existence as an independent participant in the process of foreign investment.Method (methodology). In the process of researching the selected topic, the following methods were used: monographic – in order to study the results of existing analytical research, the object of which is the process of foreign investment in Ukraine and its aspect as the geographical structure of foreign investments is investigated; method of calculating the relative values of the structure – for the research of the geographical structure of foreign direct investment in Ukraine, which made it possible to abstract from a specific numerical expression of the volume of parts of the population; tabular – for submission of analytical information about the object of research; graphic – for visual presentation of the obtained statistical data on the geographical structure of foreign direct investment in Ukraine. Results. International investment activity has a significant impact on the geographical structure of FDI in Ukraine. During the study period (1995 - the end of 2019) the main investors were European countries. They exported to Ukraine annually about 50 % of the total invested capital, and in 2006-2011s, this figure reached 70 %. Investments from the European Union play a crucial role in Ukraine’s foreign direct investment process.According to the research, over the past 25 years there have been significant transformations in the territorial geographical structure of FDI in Ukraine. First of all, the number of investor countries has increased and the role of leaders, such as the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom, has decreased. The role of investments from offshore countries and countries equated to them, such as Cyprus, Belize, the Bahamas, the British Virgin Islands, the Netherlands and others, has significantly increased. If in early 1995 the share of investments from these countries was about 11%, then at the beginning of 1998 this figure was 20 %, at the beginning of 2008 - 33%, at the beginning of 2011 – 51 %, and at the end of 2019 - 60 % respectively. It should be noted that there is no significant investment from South America, such as Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela, the industrialized countries of East and Southeast Asia and China, which is one of the 10 leading countries in the world. In this direction, promising investment cooperation should be expanded by concluding investment agreements taking into account the interests of future investors.Perspectives. In our opinion, promising in the future are studies of sectoral and territorial structure of FDI in terms of the largest countries of investors, assessment of their impact on the economic development of Ukraine in order to make effective management decisions in attracting foreign investors.

CURRENT TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS OF PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES

The article analyzes the results of mergers and acquisitions of global pharmaceutical companies and their impact on the global pharmaceutical industry. The relevance of this research is determined by the high significance of mergers and acquisitions of global pharmaceutical companies on the global pharmaceutical industry and market. A comprehensive approach is used to assess the impact of mergers and acquisitions of pharmaceutical companies on the global pharmaceutical industry. The article presents statistical data on the volume and number of venture investments in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. The reasons for mergers and acquisitions by pharmaceutical companies, as well as the dynamics of the activity of such transactions, are determined. The geographical structure of stock transactions and the total number of mergers and acquisitions of pharmaceutical companies are presented, as well as examples of the largest mergers and acquisitions of pharmaceutical companies.

International trade: key trends for the first 20 years of the XXI century (2001—2020)

The most important changes in the dynamics of international commodity turnover of the first two decades of the XXI century are considered. For the first time the shifts in the geographical structure of global exports and imports of commodity products are analyzed. A conclusion is made about the repeated regrouping of forces among the 25 largest exporting and importing countries, still controlling approximately four fifths of the total value of the global commodity turnover. It shows the main trends in foreign trade activities of the leading subjects of international commodity trade, including the Russian Federation. The methodology of comparative and statistical analysis on the basis of the latest statistical materials, a number of official and estimated author’s data, introduced in the Russian scientific turnover for the first time, is used.

Foreign Direct Investments in the Regions of Ukraine in the Conditions of Globalization

The importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) for the economy of the host country is demonstrated, and the advantages and risks of attracting foreign capital for the economy of Ukraine are emphasized. An analysis of the dynamics of foreign direct investment in Ukraine is carried out, with a focus on sectoral and geographical structure. Differences between the productivity of enterprises with foreign investment and that of domestic enterprises are noted. The assessment of investment potential was carried out using a multifactor comparative analysis, and a calculation of investment attractiveness is made on the basis of the standardization of indicators for the regions of Ukraine. The correspondence between the investment potential and investment attractiveness of the regions is indicated, as well as the low level of investment attractiveness of certain regions in Ukraine. Priority measures for the intensification of foreign investment activity in Ukraine in the conditions of globalization are discussed.

Trends in the Development of Ukraine’s Foreign Trade in Goods in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The article discusses and analyzes the volumes of Ukraine’s foreign trade in goods in 2019-2020. A positive trend regarding the foreign trade balance on trade in Ukrainian goods is allocated. It is found that there was a decrease in exports and imports of goods during the researched period. The commodity structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade is analyzed. Changes in the commodity export structure in 2020 compared to 2019 have been identified. The main groups of goods that Ukraine exports and imports the most when trading with foreign countries are allocated. The groups of goods whose export and import volumes have undergone the greatest changes in 2020 and as compared to 2019 are allocated. The geographical structure of foreign trade in Ukrainian goods is analyzed. Changes in the geographical structure of exports in 2020 compared to 2019 are determined. It is specified, which countries are the largest importers of Ukrainian goods and from which countries Ukraine imports the most goods. The countries in terms of the largest changes as to the foreign trade with them in 2020 compared to 2019 are allocated. It is determined that the most important reason for changes in the volume of foreign trade in Ukrainian goods in 2020 compared to 2019 was the COVID-19 pandemic. The global impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the world economy and human life in general is noted. The main changes in the economy and society, which caused changes in the volume of foreign trade in Ukrainian goods, as well as the main reasons for the change in supply and demand, which are typical for all countries of the world, are allocated. The main directions of the State’s assistance to increase the volume of exports of goods from Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are defined. The negative and positive changes in Ukraine’s foreign trade caused by the coronavirus pandemic are characterized.