scholarly journals Evaluation of a new portable device that measures diameter of animal fibres

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Quispe ◽  
D. Sacchero ◽  
T. Wuliji ◽  
M.D. Quispe
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Portable Instrument ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Fibre Characteristics ◽  
Wool Industry ◽  
Sheep Wool

Increasing production of animal fibres has increased the need for a portable instrument that measures fibre diameter and associated characteristics with precision and accuracy. This research evaluated a new portable fibre tester (PFT) by measuring the diameter and related characteristics of tops and scoured fibres of wool, alpaca, and vicuña. The PFT was constructed with integrated mechanical, optical, electronic, and informatic components. Textile tops of sheep wool, alpaca fibres, and mohair goat fibres were used as standard references to calibrate the PFT and determine its accuracy and precision. The results were compared with those from a wool industry standard instrument (OFDA2000) that uses similar technology. The PFT had high accuracy (-0.01, -0.12, and -0.01 μm) for average fibre diameter (AFD) of wool, alpaca, and mohair fibres, respectively. Deviations of standard tops (ST) were within industry-accepted tolerance ranges. Standard errors, indicating precision, were low, ranging from 0.07 to 0.25 μm, 0.02 to 0.44 μm, and 0.09 to 0.024 μm, for wool, alpaca, and mohair fibre tops, respectively. The correlations of measurements of AFD from the two instruments were 0.99 for wool, alpaca, and mohair fibres, but lower for vicuña fibres (0.82). No evidence of bias was observed. Therefore, the PFT may be used as an alternative instrument for measuring fibre diameter and quantifying variation in diameter of wool, mohair, and alpaca fibres. The PFT has appeal for use in the field for practical animal selection and fleece classification based on fibre characteristics. Keywords: alpaca, fibre diameter, mohair, vicuña, wool

Some wool characteristics of Karadi sheep in northern Iraq

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Ghoneim ◽  
N. T. Kazzal ◽  
R. Kh. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Average Fibre

SUMMARYOne hundred and sixty-eight wool samples were collected from commercial flocks of Karadi sheep raised in the five provinces of northern Iraq. The wool characteristics dealt with were staple and fibre length, crimps, fibre diameter, medullation, fibre strength and elongation.The results showed that the Karadi wool is a long type of carpet fleece with average staple and fibre lengths of 19·3 and 23·5 cm, respectively. It had an average fibre diameter of 48·1 μ and contained 19·45 % medullated fibres. The number of crimps per 2 cm was 2·4. Average fibre strength and elongation were 24·8 g/5 cm and 31·8 % respectively. Phenotypic correlations between wool traits were studied.

Studies on Western Australian Merino sheep. 1. Stud, strain and environmental effects on hogget performance

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
RP Lewer ◽  
RR Woolaston ◽  
RR Howe
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Wool Yield ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Australian Merino

A 6 year study is reported of Merino studs and strains (Peppin, Collinsville and Bungaree) in Western Australia. Wool and body traits of males and females were measured, with additional subjective traits assessed on females. The effects of strain, stud (within strain), birth year, dam age, birth rearing rank, weaning age and their interactions were estimated using least squares procedures. When tested against studs, strain differences were significant for fibre diameter (both sexes), clean wool yield and about half of the subjective traits (females) but for none of the liveweights. Stud and year effects were significant for all traits, as was their interaction for most traits. Some studs were more stable between years than others in both clean fleece weight and average fibre diameter. Of the remaining effects, birth rearing rank influenced the greatest number of traits, while dam age only affected yield in ewes and some early liveweights. Peppins produced wool 2.0-2.3 microns finer than Bungarees, but not significantly different from Collinsvilles. Peppins also had the best subjective wool scores, but had the highest wrinkle scores and scored poorly on other subjective body traits. Twin-born hoggets produced 0.05-0.15 kg less clean wool than their single-born contemporaries, and their fleeces were about 0.4 microns coarser with poorer subjective qualities. Twins were also lighter from birth (by 23%) up to 17 months (by 5%) in females. Late-born lambs had higher birth weights, but lower subsequent weights, persisting until 12 months in females.

scholarly journals Chromosomal segments underlying quantitative trait loci for mohair production in Angora goats

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Cano ◽  
S. Debenedetti ◽  
M. Abad ◽  
D. Allain ◽  
H.R. Taddeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Argentinean Patagonia ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Angora Goats

SummaryThis study reports the results obtained in the search of chromosomal regions affecting fleece traits in a population of Angora goats in the Argentinean Patagonia. Six hundred thirty-four offspring from 14 parental half-sib families were used. Nine phenotypic fleece traits were recorded at 4 and 11 months of age. A genome examination using 85 informative molecular markers was conducted. A linkage analysis was performed using a regression interval analysis. Our study identified 10 genomic regions affecting the average fibre diameter, coefficient of variation of the average fibre diameter, percentage of fibres with diameters over 30 µm, greasy fleece weight, staple length, average curvature of fibres, percentage of continuous medullated fibres and percentage of kemp fibres located on five goat chromosomes (1, 2, 5, 13 and 19). These results show that the average size of the quantitative trait loci effect was 1.6 phenotypic standard deviations for different traits and families. The aims of quantitative trait loci detection is the potential use of these molecular markers to increase accuracy in predicting the genetic merit of breeding and its implementation in animal breeding schemes through marker-assisted selection.

The use of thyroxine to reduce average fibre diameter in fleece wool when feed intake is increased

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Lee ◽  
K. J. Thornberry ◽  
A. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

An experiment was conducted to determine whether thyroxine injections would control the increases in fibre diameter when the wool growth of Merino wethers is stimulated by an increased supply of feed. Fifty-seven sheep were allocated to 1 of 5 levels of daily intake, ranging from 0.75 maintenance to ad libitum, and injected every third day with 3 mg of L-thyroxine or a saline solution (control). Sheep treated with thyroxine had elevated plasma tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels, which were highest in sheep fed the least (P<0.01). Ad libitum intakes of sheep treated with thyroxine tended to be higher than that of control sheep, particularly in the fifth to seventh weeks of the experiment, and liveweight gain over the initial 4 weeks was significantly (P<0.001) less. Wool growth was increased by thyroxine treatment, although the difference was small in the second half of the experiment at the highest intake levels. Fibre diameter of sheep treated with thyroxine was greater at low intakes, although the difference diminished as intake increased. Fibre length in the second half of the experiment was positively related to intake, but there were no effects of thyroxine. Although the relationships of fibre diameter and length with wool growth did not differ between the treatment groups, length accounted for more of the variation in wool growth in the second half of the experiment in treated wethers than in control wethers (0.376 v. 0.182 of the variation, respectively). Thyroxine did not appreciably reduce the extent of the increase in fibre diameter associated with an increase in the availability and intake of feed.

The effects of breed, crossbreeding and other factors on variation in fleece and skin traits

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Woolliams ◽  
G. Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBreed and crossbreeding significantly affected variation in 10 fleece, follicle density and fibre diameter traits in 12-week-old lambs. The breeds involved were the Scottish Blackface, South Country Cheviot, Welsh Mountain, Lincoln Longwool, Southdown and Tasmanian Merino, but the last only by rams.The Southdown came closest to the Merino in affecting density and diameter traits although the Merino crosses remained clearly distinguishable by their high follicle density. The Lincoln and Blackface crosses were notable for their long fibres and the Blackface crosses also had the least dense follicle and coarsest primary fibres. The coarsest secondary fibres were from Lincoln and Cheviot crosses. Heterosis estimates were obtained for crosses involving the Blackface, Cheviot, Welsh and Lincoln breeds. Significant heterosis was present in a wide range of traits but was not apparent in all crosses. Maternal differences were evident for many of the traits but with density these differences were apparently related to maternal effects on live weight of the lamb. The sex of the lamb, its birth type and rearing and its 12-week live weight significantly affected many of the traits.Among breeds and crosses a strong relationship was found between fibre density and average fibre diameter. The relationship suggested that breed variation in total fibre area per unit area of skin was small compared with the breed variation in its components. Fleece weight per unit area was most closely related to mean fibre length.

Wool yield and characteristics of Dorset, Leicester and Sunffolk breeds and their ‘DLS’ cross

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Fahmy ◽  
J. A. Vasely
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Wool Yield ◽  
Fleece Weight

SUMMARYGreasy fleece weight (12 months growth) and wool samples from hip and shoulder regions were taken on 15 Dorset, 20 Leicester, 20 Suffolk and 17 DLS ewes (a cross of ½ Dorset, ¼ Leicester, ¼ Suffolk obtained by mating DL rams to DS ewes and DS rams to DL ewes). The purpose of the study was to compare wool production and characteristics of the first generation of DLS with that of the three breeds of origin. Wool production of DLS was 3·58 kg, 8·8 and 14% higher than that of Suffolk and Dorset, but 11% lower than that of Leicester (P< 0·01). The percentage of clean wool was highest in Leicester (78·3%), followed by DLS, Dorset and Suffolk (76·1, 74·3 and 70·5%, respectively). The average fibre diameter of the DLS and Leicester was 38 /m, 4 /m thicker than that for Suffolk and Dorset (P < 0·01). Average fibre length was 15 cm in DLS and Dorset, 6 cm shorter than in Leicester, and 3 cm longer than in Suffolk (P < 0·01). The variability in fibre diameter and length was highest in Leicester, followed closely by DLS.

Fleece growth in Australian cashmere goats. 1. The effects of nutrition and age on fleece growth, prolactin and thyroxine concentration

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
WRL Kloren ◽  
BW Norton ◽  
MJ Waters
Keyword(s):  
Composition Studies ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Australian cashmere goats were studied from January to July to assess the effects of increasing feeding level (maintenance, M: 42 g D M / W0.75/day, 1.4 M, 1.8 M and 2.3 M (ad libitum)) and age (Young, 6 months; Old 18 months) on fleece growth, and plasma concentrations of prolactin (Prl) and thyroxine (T4). Comparisons of fleece composition (weight, cashmere fibre diameter, proportion of cashmere) were made from fleece shorn monthly (left side) and at the end of the experiment (right side). There was no significant (P > 0.05) effect of feeding level or age on cashmere weight (39.8 g), cashmere diameter (15.3 8m) or hair weight (224.7 g) at shearing in July. Similar results were observed with monthly fleece composition studies, although cumulative cashmere weight for Young goats (27.1 g) was significantly (P <0.05) less than that of Old goats (48.5 g), and average fibre diameter of cashmere of Young goats (13.6 8m) was less than that of Old goats (15.6 8m). Serum Prl concentration in groups on higher feeding levels (1.8 M, 2.3 M) increased significantly (P < 0.05) over the duration of the study (45 to 70 ng/mL and 15 to 70 ng/mL for 1.8 M and 2.3 M respectively), whilst that of the groups on lower feeding levels (M, 1.4 M) remained low (15 ng/mL). The results are discussed in relation to the seasonal change in fleece composition and hormone secretion for the different feeding levels and age groups, and a possible antagonism between Prl secretion and fleece growth.

Productivity of classers' grades and sire selection differentials for fleece weight in two Merino studs

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
BJ McGuirk ◽  
M Rose ◽  
R Scott
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Selection Differentials ◽  
Sire Selection

The normal practice in Merino studs is to class the rams visually into three grades: reserve rams from which the stud sires will be chosen; flock rams for use in commercial flocks; and culls. This study examined the productivity of these grades in three drops of rams from each of two studs. In each drop there were differences between the grades in greasy and clean fleece weight. In stud 1 the relative clean and greasy wool percentages in the reserve, flock and cull grades were 11 6,98 and 86, and 11 6,98 and 87 (P < 0.05), respectively. Clean fleece weights were not available on the visual culls in stud 2. In that stud the relative greasy wool percentages of rams in three grades were 112, 98 and 90, and the reserve rams also cut 15% more clean wool than the flock rams (P< 0.05). The differences between the grades in yield and average fibre diameter were less than they were for fleece weight and generally not statistically significant. In stud 1 the reserve rams were 0.6% higher yielding and 0.2 pm stronger than the drop average. The reserve rams were less variable than the other grades in fleece weights, yield and diameter. The largest differences were for fleece weights, where the differences in variation between the grades were significant. The average coefficient of variation for greasy fleece weight among the reserve rams in the two studs was 10.0% compared with the estimate of 13.2% for the whole drop. Selection differentials for fleece weight were estimated for stud sires selected from these six drops of rams. The efficiency of sire selection for either greasy or clean fleece weight was in excess of 70% of the maximum possible. In the four drops in which all sire replacements were selected exclusively from the reserves, the two steps in the sire selection procedure contribution almost equally to the sire selection differentials achieved.

Birthcoat of lambs and adult fibre diameter

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
LW Lockart
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
The Difference

Birthcoat hairiness is significantly correlated with adult fibre diameter variability, the coarser birthcoats being more variable. Birthcoat grade is not correlated with average fibre diameter, but is strongly correlated with the difference between diameters of primary and secondary fibres and with variability of primary, but not of secondary, fibres. A correlation of 0.83 was found between birthcoat grade and primary-secondary diameter difference in the adult.

Comparison of the response of secondary hair follicles of cashmere and angora goats to prolactin and melatonin in vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 218-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ibraheem ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
J.R. Scaife
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Guard Hair ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Average Fibre Diameter ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Angora Goat

Angora and Cashmere goats produce two distinctive major fibres. The hair coat of the Angora goat consists essentially of a single fleece of Mohair grown by secondary hair follicles with a limited production of guard hair from primary follicles. The average fibre diameter ranges from 22 to 45 urn. In contrast, the Cashmere bearing goat has a double coat comprising coarse guard hair produced by primary follicles with the fine cashmere underhair (preferably 19 μm diameter or less) produced by secondary hair follicles. In the Angora goat, the fibres grow essentially continuously while in cashmere, hair follicle activity is determined largely by seasonal changes in photoperiod. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of prolactin and melatonin, hormones implicated in the photoperiodic response, on the pattern of growth of secondary hair follicles isolated and maintained in vitro.

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