scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii infection and risk factors associated with its spread at live bird markets in Katsina Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
M.B. Aliyu ◽  
B.V. Maikai ◽  
A.A. Magaji
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Live Bird ◽  
Local Chickens

Toxoplasmosis occurs in most species of warm -blooded animals. This study aimed to determine the sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in local chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Katsina metropolis. A total of 460 sera were collected from two live bird markets (LBMs) at slaughter points and samples were analyzed by Indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) test kits specific for avian toxoplasmosis. Structured questionnaires were administered to the workers at LBMs to evaluate their attitudes and practices toward Toxoplasma infection. The overall prevalence for T. gondii antibodies was 7.83% (36/460). Gobarau yan kaji had a higher prevalence 9.06% (25) than Central market 5.98% (11). Mean score was 26.42±15.9 and 21.74±9.21 for attitude and practice respectively. There was a significant correlation r=0.717 (p <0.05) between attitude and practice score of the respondents. The level of education and specific duty at the slaughter houses correlated significantly (p <0.05) with attitude and practice mean ranks. There was no association (0.137) between experience on the job and practice score. Attitude and practice ranked as poor, fair and good in this study were 60% (30), 12% (6), 28% (14) and 80% (40), 6% (3), 14% (7) respectively. This result has shown the presence of T. gondii antibodies in local chickens slaughtered for human consumption in Katsina metropolis and this warns on the public health safety problems. There is urgent need for the implementation of public awareness campaign on toxoplasmosis for workers at LBMs in Katsina metropolis. Keywords: Attitude, ELISA, Live Bird Market, Practice, Seroprevalence, Toxoplasmosis

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification Avian Influenza A non-H5 Virus from Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) at Two Live Bird Markets in Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Deya Karsari
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Live Bird

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Avian Influenza A non-H5 virus from muscovy duck at two live bird markets in Surabaya. Muscovy duck is the natural reservoir of Avian Influenza virus, in which all of the 16 HA subtypes and 9 NA maintained. The Avian Influenza virus replicates in intestinal tract of the reservoirs, causing the high amount of virus shed in the faeces. This study is an observational descriptive study, using non random sampling method of determined samples. The  method used in this study were Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test. Avian Influenza A non-H5 virus was identified 19.23% (5 samples out of 26) in PS1 and  23.34% (7 samples out of 30)  in PS2. This finding shows that  Avian Influenza A non-H5 virus could be isolated and identified from muscovy duck at two live bird markets in Surabaya.

scholarly journals Biosecurity and Antimicrobial Use Practices in Live Bird Markets Within Abeokuta Metropolis, Southwest, Nigeria: A Preliminary Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwawemimo Adebowale ◽  
Motunrayo Makanjuola ◽  
Noah Bankole ◽  
Olanike Adeyemo ◽  
Ayomikun Awoseyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Biosecurity Practices ◽  
Live Bird

Abstract The development of an antimicrobial stewardship plan (AMSP) for live bird sellers (LBS) requires an understanding of the current biosecurity status, antimicrobial use (AMU) and the practices involved in live bird selling (e.g., drivers, sellers, etc.) which is a direct source of poultry meat for human consumption. Seven Live Bird Markets (LBMs) within Abeokuta, Ogun State were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data on LBMs characteristics, LBS demographics, biosecurity, and AMU practices, awareness on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), as well as preferred channels of information on antimicrobial stewardship were gathered. A total of 40 consenting LBS with 82.5% female and 17.5% male participants were included in the study. The participants’ mean age was 45.3 years (SD±11.9, range: 23-70 years). Laying hens, broilers, and cockerels were the main poultry types sold by LBS. Antimicrobials (AMs) were used for growth promotion (57.5%), therapeutic (40.0%), and prophylactic (2.5%) purposes. Tetracycline, metronidazole, and chloramphenicol were the most frequently used AMs. The majority of the participants (90.0%) have treated birds based on their empirical experience, with little or no inputs from veterinarians. Biosecurity and AMU practices were generally low (54.0% and 34.0%, respectively). The contact with veterinarians was associated with satisfactory biosecurity practices (p=0.049). No significant factors were found to be linked with AMU. This study has provided recent evidence-based data on practices in poultry management among LBS in Abeokuta, Ogun state. The findings would be useful for policy decisions and the development of AMSP on prudent AMU among LBS.

scholarly journals Presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in humans and their cats in the urban zone of Guadalajara

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de la Luz Galván Ramírez ◽  
Guillermo Sánchez Vargas ◽  
Marcos Vielma Sandoval ◽  
Juan Luis Soto Mancilla
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Urban Zone ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Iga Antibodies

Cats are the definitive hosts of Toxoplasma gondii. Infected cats excrete oocysts in their feces, infecting humans and other animals. The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in cat owners and their pets, and determine if there was a relationship between Toxoplasma infection and humans who live with infected cats. IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in sera of 59 cat owners were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in 24 sera from their cats, IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies were found using Burney's ELISA. Thirty-eight (64%) of 59 cat owners were positive to IgG anti-Toxoplasma. Seropositivity for cats was 70.8% IgG, 8.3% IgM, and 62.5% IgA. Cohabitation with cats infected by T. gondii, feeding with leftovers or raw viscera, and lack of control over how their feces were handled are risk factors conducive for humans to become infected by T. gondii.

Prevalence and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii in goats slaughtered for human consumption in the semi-arid of northeastern Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 102457
Author(s):  
Samira Pereira Batista ◽  
Samara dos Santos Silva ◽  
Wlysse Ferreira Sarmento ◽  
Rômulo Fylipe Silva ◽  
Larissa do Nascimento Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Semi Arid

Seroprevalence and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep intended for human consumption in Paraíba, northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara Santos Silva ◽  
Samira Pereira Batista ◽  
Wlysse Ferreira Sarmento ◽  
Rômulo Fylipe da Silva ◽  
Larissa Nascimento Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Human Consumption

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in certified and non-certified pig breeding farms in the Toledo microregion, PR, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piassa Franciele Rossandra ◽  
Jacqueline Baptista de Araújo ◽  
Ronaldo César da Rosa ◽  
Rodrigo José Mattei ◽  
Rodrigo Costa da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Breeding Farms

Toxoplasma gondii infection has been diagnosed in pigs all over the world. Economical losses are generally related to reproductive disorders. Toxoplasma infection is also a matter of public health because tissue cysts of the parasite may remain in pork and pork products, and become sources of human infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma infection in certified and non-certified pig breeding farms in the Toledo microregion, in the State of Paraná, Brazil which includes the cities of Toledo, Nova Santa Rosa, Sao José das Palmeiras and Sao Pedro do Iguaçu. Relative frequency of infection was 13.4%, independently of the type of farm. Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were associated with infection: absence of workers exclusive for each area of the farm, access of other animals to feeders and drinkers, lack of lids in drinkers, lack of rodent control measures, mean piglet number and weight at weaning per female.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Dry Eye Treatment by Institutional Chinese Physicians in Singapore

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanwen Lan ◽  
Sze Yee Lee ◽  
Man Xin Lee ◽  
Louis Tong
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Eye Acupuncture ◽  
Chinese Physicians ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Dry eye is a common health problem worldwide, causing significant discomfort and inconvenience to sufferers. The conventional treatment of dry eye via topical administration of eye drops is deemed palliative and unsatisfactory to many. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown some promise in dry eye treatment; however, the extent of its use and acceptance is uncertain. We evaluated the knowledge, attitude, and practice of institutional TCM practitioners in the treatment of dry eye in Singapore. A questionnaire was generated to address the study aims and sent to TCM practitioners listed in the Singapore TCM practitioners’ board database. About three quarters of respondents thought that dry eye was not severe enough to be a public health burden but most thought that TCM was effective in the treatment of dry eye. Acupuncture and herbal medicine were most commonly used TCM modalities in dry eye treatment, and a single TCM treatment session would be charged S$20–50 by the practitioner. The majority of surveyed institutional TCM practitioners in Singapore believe that TCM is relevant in dry eye treatment. Public awareness should be raised regarding the availability of TCM as alternative medicine for dry eye.

scholarly journals Some observations on the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Canada

1976 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Tizard ◽  
Norman A. Fish ◽  
Joseph P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Dry Conditions

SUMMARYBetween 1961 and 1974, 11934 samples of serum were tested by the Sabin- Feldman Dye test for the presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii.Analysis of high-titred sera suggested that a 6-year cycle of high disease prevalence occurred across Canada. In addition, a decline in the percentage of positive reactions occurred each year in the Fall. The suggestion that this decline was due to dry conditions during the summer months was supported by the observation that differences in the prevalence of toxoplasma infection in ten Canadian cities were related to their average summer rainfall. The significance of these observations in relation to the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in this country is discussed. The influence of patient age on the prevalence of infection was also investigated; the results obtained suggested that at least 75% of infants with high antibody titres against T. gondii had obtained these antibodies by placental transfer from their mothers.

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