scholarly journals Protective effect of Acorus tatarinowii extract against alzheimer in 3xTg-AD mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1903-1907
Author(s):  
Cen Su ◽  
Ping Niu ◽  
Yao-ming Xu ◽  
Ye Feng ◽  
Hai-ping Xia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Immunohistochemical Assay ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Acorus Tatarinowii

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of Acorus tatarinowii extract (ATE) against Alzheimer's disease in 3xTg-AD mice. Method: The cognitive function of 3xTg-AD mice was assessed using Morris water maze test. The levels of the amyloid beta deposits and NeuN in the hippocampus were evaluated by immunohistochemical assay while brain neurotrophic derived factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) expressions were determined by western blot analysis. Results: ATE treatment significantly ameliorated learning and memory deficits in AD mice, as shown by increased time spent in the target zone during probe tests. The escape latency in animals treated with 600 mg/kg ATE (24.8 ± 1.3 s) was significantly increased relative to ontreated 3xTg-AD mice (8.5 ± 1.0 s, p < 0.01). In addition, ATE significantly decreased Aβ deposits, increased NeuN-positive cells, and upregulated the expression of BDNF (1.9 ± 0.4, p < 0.05) and TrkB (1.9 ± 0.2, p < 0.05) in 3xTg AD mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that ATE treatment may be a useful strategy for managing memory impairment induced by several neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss) Benth extract on Alzheimer disease in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-828
Author(s):  
Ang Cai ◽  
Liu Xiao ◽  
Yan-Ping Zhou ◽  
Zhi-Guo Zhang ◽  
Quan-Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Evodia Rutaecarpa ◽  
Mouse Hippocampus

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. extract (ERBE) against Alzheimer's disease in 3xTg-AD mice. Methods: The cognitive function of 3xTg-AD mice was assessed using Morris water maze test. The levels of amyloid beta deposits and NeuN in the mouse hippocampus were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Brain neurotrophic derived factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) expressions were determined by western blot analysis. Results: ERBE treatment significantly ameliorated learning and memory deficits in AD mice, as shown by increased time spent in the target zone during probe tests. The escape latency in the animals treated with 400 mg/kg ERBE (20.5 ± 1.3 s) was significantly higher than untreated 3xTg-AD mice (12.4 ± 1.3 s, p < 0.01). In addition, ERBE significantly decreased Aβ deposits, increased NeuN-positive cells, and upregulated the expressions of BDNF (1.4 ± 0.2, p < 0.05) and TrkB (1.1 ± 0.2, p < 0.05) in 3xTg AD mice. Conclusion: The results suggest that ERBE administration may be a useful strategy for treating memory impairment induced by several neurodegenerative diseases. Keywords: Evodia rutaecarpa, Alzheimer, Memory impairment, NeuN-positive cells

Soybean Isoflavones Influences Learning and Memory and Caspase-3 Levels in the Hippocampus of Rats after MWM Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 411-414 ◽  
pp. 3178-3180
Author(s):  
Li Hai Jin ◽  
Xing Yu Zhao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Guo Qing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Soybean Isoflavones ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Intermediate Dose

We assessed the effectiveness and mechanism of action of Soybean Isoflavones on learning and memory and Caspase-3 levels in the hippocampus of rats after Morris water maze (MWM test). Soybean Isoflavones (200,400 or 800 mg/kg/d) were administered by intragavage once daily for 14 consecutive days. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the ability of Soybean Isoflavones to increase learning and memory impairment. The levels of Caspase-3 in hippocampus of rats were detected by Westernblot after MWM test. Compared to untreated controls (P<0.01), MWM could be prolonged after Soybean Isoflavones treatment (P<0.05 for="" low="" and="" intermediate="" dose="" groups="" westernblot="" analysis="" showed="" that="" the="" protein="" expression="" of="" caspase-3="" was="" decreased="" in="" different="" concentration="" soybean="" isoflavones="" i="">P<0.05 and="" i="">P<0.01, respectively). The results suggest that Soybean Isoflavones is effective in improving the learning and memory in rats , the mechanism of which may be related Caspase ways.

scholarly journals Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neurotoxicity in Developing Rats Induced by Sevoflurane through Upregulating BDNF-TrkB-CREB and Downregulating ProBDNF-P75NRT-RhoA Signaling Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxia Dong ◽  
Wei Hong ◽  
Zhiyin Tang ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Xiuying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sevoflurane Group ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Rhoa Signaling

To investigate the mechanism dexmedetomidine in relieving the neurotoxicity of a developing brain induced by sevoflurane. Sprague-Dawley rats, 6 days old, were randomly divided into three groups. Rats in the control group were inhaled with air after injection of normal saline; rats in the sevoflurane group were injected with normal saline and inhaled with 3% sevoflurane for 2 h in three consecutive day; rats in the dexmedetomidine group were inhaled with 3% sevoflurane after intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine 25 μg/kg. WB results showed that mBDNF, pTrkB/TrkB, and CREB were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of the sevoflurane group, which are significantly upregulated in the dexmedetomidine group. In the sevoflurane group, proBDNF, P75NRT, and RhoA were significantly increased, which were significantly lower than those in the dexmedetomidine group than those in the sevoflurane group. The expression BDNF was downregulated in the sevoflurane group, while the proBDNF was upregulated in the sevoflurane group. In the Morris water maze test, the escape latency of the sevoflurane group was significantly prolonged. In sevoflurane groups, the number of crossing platform was significantly reduced, the synaptic protein decreased significantly, and this effect was reversed in rats of the dexmedetomidine group. Dexmedetomidine could reduce synaptic plasticity decline in developing rats induced by sevoflurane, through downregulating the proBDNF-p75NTR-RhoA pathway and upregulating BDNF-TrkB-CREB.

scholarly journals Treadmill Training Improves Cognitive Function via Increasing IGF2 Targeted Downregulation of miRNA-483

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu-Lin Xiong ◽  
Xiu-Juan Dong ◽  
Lu-Lu Xue ◽  
Jun-Jie Chen ◽  
Mohammed Al-hawwas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test

Abstract Background: Suitable exercise can promote development of cognitive function and improve learning and memory ability of the hippocampus. Nevertheless, mechanisms that elicit these positive effects of exercise are yet needing to be elucidated. IGF2 is known to act as a potent memory and cognitive enhancer, whereas the mechanism by which IGF2 regulates cognitive function related to moderate treadmill exercise remained largely vague.Methods: In the study, rats were subjected to slight, moderate and high intensity treadmill training for 6 weeks. Then, Morris Water maze test was employed to investigate hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory ability in rats subjected to different intensity treadmill exercise. Subsequently, the gene chip and Gene Ontology were used for analysis to explore the expression level of IGF2. Furthermore, The TargetScan_7.1, miRDB, and microRNA.org. databases was used to predict the target gene of IGF2. Results: After Morris Water maze test, we found that middle intensity treadmill training could obviously enhance learning and memory function of rats. The qRT-PCR and western blot confirmed that the expression of IGF2 was significantly upregulated in hippocampus after moderate treadmill exercise. Through databases, miRNA-483 was screened and predicted as the target gene of IGF2. Moreover, silencing IGF2 inhibited the neurite growth in the hippocampus of rats, while, miRNA-483-inhibitor ameliorated the silencing IGF2 induced hippocampal neurons impairment to promote the neurite outgrowth.Conclusions: These findings suggested that the treadmill training could enhance the cognitive function, in which the underlying mechanism is involving in elevating the expression level of IGF2 and associated with downregulated miRNA-483. This therefore provide a reliable theoretical explanation on improving cognitive function induced by moderate exercise.

Pecan Oil Influences Learning and Memory and NF-κB Levels in the Hippocampus of Rats after MWM Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 912-914 ◽  
pp. 1957-1960
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Xing Yu Zhao ◽  
Xue Lian Jin ◽  
Guo Qing Sun ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Intermediate Dose

We assessed the effectiveness and mechanism of action of Pecan oil on learning and memory and NF-κB levels in the hippocampus of rats after Morris water maze (MWM test). Pecan oil (200,400 or 800 mg/kg/d) were administered by intragavage once daily for 14 consecutive days. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the ability of Pecan oil to increase learning and memory impairment. The levels of NF-κB in hippocampus of rats were detected by Westernblot after MWM test. Compared to untreated controls (P<0.01), MWM could be prolonged after Pecan oil treatment (P<0.05 for low and intermediate dose groups). Westernblot analysis showed that the protein expression of NF-κB was decreased in different concentration Pecan oil(P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The results suggest that Pecan oil is effective in improving the learning and memory in rats, the mechanism of which may be related NF-κB expression decreasing.

scholarly journals Effect of Nyctanthes arbor tristis leaf extract against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Bashetty Phanindhra ◽  
Akondi Butchi Raju ◽  
Gadiyaram Vikas ◽  
Repala Anusha ◽  
Donapati Deepika
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Radial Arm Maze ◽  
Maze Test

Summary Nyctanthes arbor tristis (NATE) ethanol extract (150 mg/kg, orally) was evaluated for its protective effect against scopolamine-induced (1 mg/kg i.p.) cognitive impairments in rats using behavioral models like radial arm maze test, Morris water maze test and active avoidance test. NATE effect was evaluated and compared with the standard piracetam (200mg/kg i.p.). NATE (p<0.005) significantly reversed the impairment produced by the scopolamine in radial arm maze test. In addition, NATE also decreased the time period taken to find the hidden platform in Morris water maze test and increased number of avoidances in active avoidance paradigm. Acetylcholinesterase activity and thiobarbituric acid levels were significantly (p<0.005) decreased along with the rise in activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. This might suggest that the NATE has protective effect against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in rats through acetylcholine muscarinic receptor pathway and also antioxidant activity. No significant changes were found in histopathological studies of brain.

Improvement of Impaired Memory in Mice by Schisandrin

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1533-1538
Author(s):  
Yan Chun Wang ◽  
Kuang Ren ◽  
Nan Shen ◽  
Xiao Dong Huang ◽  
Hong Yan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Maze Test

We assessed the effectiveness and mechanism of action of schisandrin on modulation of learning and memory disorders in mice. Memory impairment was established in mice by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (20 mg/kg). Schisandrin (0.5, 1.0, 2.0g/kg) were administered by intragavage once daily for 14 consecutive days. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the ability of schisandrin to reduce phenobarbital-induced learning and memory impairment. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) nitric oxide (NO) and catalase (CAT) were measured in brain tissue samples taken from the mice. Other biomarkers measured included expression of nuclear transcription factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus CA1 region, which were determined by immunohistochemical analysis. On the fifth day of treatment, the mice in the pentobarbital sodium group performed worse on the Morris water maze test compared to untreated controls (P<0.01), which could be prolonged after schisandrin treatment (P<0.05 for="" low="" and="" intermediate="" dose="" groups="" analysis="" of="" brain="" tissues="" showed="" that="" compared="" with="" the="" control="" group="" no="" levels="" were="" increased="" sod="" cat="" activity="" decreased="" in="" pentobarbital="" sodium="" i="">P<0.01). After treatment with schisandrin, the NO levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while SOD and CAT activity increased (P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that, in phenobarbital only group, the protein expression of BDNF decreased, NF-κB increased compared to untreated controls, and schisandrin could reverse this trend (P<0.05 and="" i="">P<0.01, respectively). The results suggest that schisandrin is effective in improving the learning and memory deficiency induced by pentobarbital sodium, the mechanism of which may be related modulation of cellular response to oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Spade Leaf Extract Phytosome Modulates Krox-20, Neuregulinـ1, Phospholipids, and Cognitive Function of Traumatic Brain Injury Model in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alif Fariz Jazmi ◽  
Putri Fitri Alfiantya ◽  
Sitti Ayu Hemas Nurarifah ◽  
Erlin Aditia Purmitasari ◽  
Lilin Andreas Vitania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disorder of the central nervous system due to head trauma. TBI can damage nerve membrane phospholipids and decrease protein synthesis of neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) because of the transcription factor Krox-20. These conditions cause the lowering in nerve re-myelination which contribute to the decline of cognitive function. In Indonesia, citicoline is a neuroprotective drug that widely used to repair and prevent further damage of the nerve cells membrane caused by trauma. Spade leaf (Centella asiatica) extract phytosome (SEP) is a model of drug delivery system which expected to enhance the therapeutic effects as neuroprotective drug. This study aims to demonstrate and compare the effectiveness from SEP and citicoline as a neuroprotective characterized by increasing the activation of Krox-20, the expression of NRG-1, the distribution of phospholipids, and the improvement of cognitive levels on TBI-induced rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups namely: control (-); control (+); treatment with SEP 90mg/kgBW; citicoline 250mg/kgBW, and SEP in combination with citicoline. Krox-20, NRG-1, and phospholipids expression were measured by immunohistochemical assay, while cognitive function were assessed with the Morris Water Maze test. According to ANOVA test results, it was showed that SEP improved the nerve cells through the activation of Krox-20, NRG-1 expression, and distribution of phospholipids significantly (p <0.05). Based on Morris Water Maze test, SEP also improved the cognitive function in TBI-induced rats. Thus, it can be concluded that spade leaf extract phytosome combined with citicoline increase a higher phospholipids distribution and give the fastest time in the cognitive tests compared with of spade leaf extract phytosome and citicoline alone.Keywords : NRG-1, Krox-20, phospholipids, phytosome, Centella asiatica.

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