scholarly journals Recovery of Valencia Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Traits in Early Segregating and Promising Late Leaf Spot Resistant Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Wilder Wambi
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Opportunity For Selection

In Uganda, there are no Valencia varieties that are resistant to leaf spot diseases. Introgression of resistance genes into elite lines is always associated with the transfer of undesirable traits from the donor parents. Knowledge of the degree of genetic relationship provides breeders with a more efficient way to identify populations of potential relevance for their plant improvement programs. The objective of this study was to determine the recovery of Valencia groundnut traits in the early segregating and promising late leaf spot (LLS) resistant populations. Four crosses between Valencia lines (P1) and donor lines (P2) were made. The populations that included F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2, together with their parents (P1and P2) of each of the four crosses namely, Valencia C (P1) × ICGV-SM 02501 (P2), Valencia C (P1) × SGV-07009 (P2), NuMex-M3 (P1) × ICGV-SM 02501 (P2) and Redbeauty (P1) × ICGV-SM 03590 (P2) were evaluated. Cluster analysis revealed differences among the generations for the traits analysed with major and sub-clusters, implying that the generations of crosses formed a genetically diverse population that offers possible opportunity for selection. In the cross between NuMex-M3 X ICGV-SM 02501, the populations BC1P1 and F2, exhibited higher (80 %) recovery of the recurrent parental (NuMex-M3) traits. Similarly, the backcross population (BC1P1) to the susceptible elite variety of the Valencia C X ICGV-SM 02501 cross recovered approximately 75% of the recurrent parental traits Valencia C with lower LLS disease score. Such populations could result in higher gain in Valencia traits and LLS resistance when utilized the breeding program. For maximum gain in LLS resistance and recovery of Valencia traits, more selfing and backcrossing can be performed to fix the genes for LLS resistance as well those of Valencia characteristics. Keywords: cluster analysis; Arachis hypogaea; diverse populations

scholarly journals Evaluation and Selection of Interspecific Lines of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for Resistance to Leaf Spot Disease and for Yield Improvement

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Nicholas N. Denwar ◽  
Charles E. Simpson ◽  
James L. Starr ◽  
Terry A. Wheeler ◽  
Mark D. Burow
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Advanced Backcross ◽  
Advanced Backcross Population ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Early and late leaf spot are two devastating diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) worldwide. The development of a fertile, cross-compatible synthetic amphidiploid, TxAG-6 ([A. batizocoi × (A. cardenasii × A. diogoi)]4x), opened novel opportunities for the introgression of wild alleles for disease and pest resistance into commercial cultivars. Twenty-seven interspecific lines selected from prior evaluation of an advanced backcross population were evaluated for resistance to early and late leaf spot, and for yield in two locations in Ghana in 2006 and 2007. Several interspecific lines had early leaf spot scores significantly lower than the susceptible parent, indicating that resistance to leaf spot had been successfully introgressed and retained after three cycles of backcrossing. Time to appearance of early leaf spot symptoms was less in the introgression lines than in susceptible check cultivars, but the opposite was true for late leaf spot. Selected lines from families 43-08, 43-09, 50-04, and 60-02 had significantly reduced leaf spot scores, while lines from families 43-09, 44-10, and 63-06 had high pod yields. One line combined both resistance to leaf spot and high pod yield, and several other useful lines were also identified. Results suggest that it is possible to break linkage drag for low yield that accompanies resistance. However, results also suggest that resistance was diluted in many of the breeding lines, likely a result of the multigenic nature of resistance. Future QTL analysis may be useful to identify alleles for resistance and allow recombination and pyramiding of resistance alleles while reducing linkage drag.

scholarly journals SSR analysis of cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm resistant to rust and late leaf spot diseases

Euphytica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Mace ◽  
D. T. Phong ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
S. Chandra ◽  
J. H. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

scholarly journals Resistance to late leaf spot and rust diseases in ICRISAT’s mini core collection of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sudini ◽  
Hari D. Upadhyaya ◽  
S. V. Reddy ◽  
U. Naga Mangala ◽  
A. Rathore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Valencia Peanut Varieties for Production in Haiti

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A.M. Fulmer ◽  
T.B. Brenneman ◽  
R.C. Kemerait ◽  
R. Macajoux ◽  
D.A. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT Late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and peanut rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the most important diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Haiti. Traditional Haitian peanut varieties are not only susceptible to these diseases but are also typically grown without benefit of a fungicide program. Five trials were conducted from 2015 to 2017 to evaluate the performance of six Valencia varieties in Quartier-Morin, Haiti (with an additional trial in 2017 at the Central Plateau) with respect to yield, resistance to rust and leaf spot diseases, and response to a fungicide program. A split-plot design with four or six replications was used in these studies. In each, “variety” was the whole plot and presence or absence of a fungicide program was the subplot. Valencia market types 309 Red, 309 Tan, M2, M3, SGV0801 and a local landrace were compared with and without Muscle ADV (tebuconazole + chlorothalonil, Sipcam) (2.3 L/ha) applied at 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (DAP). Final disease ratings (late leaf spot and peanut rust) were assessed approximately 94 DAP and plots were harvested the day following. In all trials, 309 Tan variety had the least amount of leaf spot and rust, but resulted in the lowest yield in four out of five trials, averaging 1727 kg/ha across fungicide treatments. M3, M2 and 309 Red were generally the numerically highest-yielding varieties, averaging 2906, 2864 and 2541 kg/ha across fungicide treatments, respectively, but were not statistically higher than the local Haitian Valencia, averaging 2374 kg/ha. Three fungicide applications during the season significantly increased yields in most trials for all varieties except 309 Tan. The highest and lowest average increase in yield from fungicide was for 309 Red (1126 kg/ha) and 309 Tan (103 kg/ha), respectively. The results from this study conducted over 2 years and 4 seasons document that while resistance to late leaf spot and rust is available in Valencia varieties, yield potential is not directly associated with that resistance. Also, use of fungicide improves yield potential in more susceptible varieties.

scholarly journals Identification of novel QTLs for late leaf spot resistance and validation of a major rust QTL in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

3 Biotech ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhail Ahmad ◽  
Bhagwat Nawade ◽  
Chandramohan Sangh ◽  
Gyan P. Mishra ◽  
Tejas C. Bosamia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Late Leaf Spot Resistance
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