Biologically Active Amines in Food: A Review

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. RICE ◽  
R. R. EITENMILLER ◽  
P. E. KOEHLER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Organic Bases ◽  
Occurrence Mechanism ◽  
Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Biologically active amines are normal constituents of many foods and have been found in cheese; sauerkraut; wine; and putrid, aged, or fermented meats. These low molecular weight organic bases do not represent any hazard to individuals unless large quantities are ingested or natural mechanisms for their catabolism are inhibited or genetically deficient. Tyramine, histamine, and phenethylamine, which can arise from enzymatic decarboxylation of the corresponding amino acids, are strongly vasoactive. Histamine, a capillary dilator, produces hypotensive effects while tyramine and phenethylamine cause a rise in blood pressure. Phenethylamine has been implicated in the onset of migraine headache attacks. The occurrence, mechanism of formation, and catabolism of these compounds is reviewed.

scholarly journals Obtaining and estimating the potential of protein nutraceuticals from highly mineralized collagen-containing beef raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Mezenova ◽  
S. V. Agafonova ◽  
O. Ya. Mezenova ◽  
L. S. Baidalinova ◽  
T. Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

Highly mineralized collagen-containing beef raw materials (tibia, fibula and costal bones) are a source of valuable protein nutraceuticals. They include high molecular weight proteins, oligopeptides and amino acids, which anabolic and physiological potential is used insufficiently. Protein nutraceuticals were obtained by high-temperature hydrolysis of beef raw materials in combination with enzymolysis by proteolytic enzyme preparations Alcalase 2,5 L, Protamex, Protosubtilin G3x. The water-soluble fraction of hydrolysates was studied after its separation and freeze-drying on the content of nitrogenous compounds, fats, minerals, formol-titrated nitrogen, fractional molecular composition. The mathematical dependencies of accumulation of low molecular weight products of protein hydrolysis on enzymolysis duration and doses of different enzyme preparations were obtained. The rational technological scheme of complex processing of beef raw materials with production of protein, fat and mineral-protein additives was proposed. The protein weight fraction in the freeze-dried protein hydrolysates was 69.5–89.6%. All studied protein additives contained peptides with a molecular weight of not more than 100 kDa. The content of low-molecular weight oligopeptides with a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa in the protein additives obtained by enzymatic thermal hydrolysis was more than 90%. The amino acid composition of protein additives produced by different hydrolytic methods was analyzed. Sensory and functional-technological properties of freeze-dried protein compositions were studied. The amino acid potential, high assimilability and physiological activity of protein nutraceuticals from collagen-containing beef raw materials were established. It is recommended to use them in the composition of specialized biologically active additives (BAAs) to food of the osteotropic direction in recipes of specialized and personalized products as a source of amino acids and active peptides.

Innovative Approaches for the Degradation of Biogenic Amines in Foods

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Ebrahimi ◽  
Maryam Farshidi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Bases ◽  
Innovative Approaches

Biogenic Amines (BA) are low molecular weight organic bases that have biological activity, they can be formed and degraded as a result of normal metabolic activity in animals, plants and microorganisms, and are usually produced by the decarboxylation of amino acids. The most common biogenic amines which can be found in foods are aliphatic (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine), aromatic (tyramine, phenylethyl amine) or heterocyclic (histamine, tryptamine) structures.

Characterisation of Persistent Anti-Xa Activity Following Administration of the Low Molecular Weight Heparin Enoxaparin Sodium (Clexane)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (02) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brieger ◽  
Joan Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Enoxaparin Sodium ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Liver And Kidney

SummaryIt is widely reported that persistent anti-Xa activity follows administration of low molecular weight heparins. To identify the effectors of this activity we have injected 125I-labelled Enoxaparin sodium into rabbits and subsequently analysed the circulating radiolabelled material and anti-Xa activity by affinity and size exclusion chromatography. Antithrombin III-binding material derived from the injected drug was responsible for all the anti-Xa amidolytic activity. At early times after injection additional anticoagulant activity which was largely attributable to tissue factor pathway inhibitor was measured by the Heptest clotting assay after removal of glycosaminoglycans from plasma samples. Small radiolabelled fragments, including penta/hexasaccharide with affinity for antithrombin III, were detectable in the circulation 1 week later, and sulphated oligosaccharides persisted for 3-4 weeks. Significant quantities of radiolabel remained in the liver and kidney several weeks post-injection; these organs may sequester some of the injected drug and give rise to circulating biologically active material by degradation and secretion of catabolic products into the plasma.

Difunctional enols of N-protected amino acids as low molecular weight and novel inhibitors of HIV-1 protease.

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Vaillancourt ◽  
Benoit Vanasse ◽  
Eric Cohen ◽  
Gilles Sauv
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Hiv 1

STUDIES ON THE ISOLATION AND NATURE OF THE 'TERREGENS FACTOR'

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Burton ◽  
F. J. Sowden ◽  
A. G. Lochhead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Growth Promoting

A procedure is described for the production and concentration of the 'terregens factor' (TF), a bacterial growth promoting substance synthesized by Arthrobacter pascens and essential for the growth of Arthrobacter terregens. From culture filtrates of A. pascens cultivated in a medium of inorganic salts and sucrose, concentrates of TF may be obtained that are active at 0.001 μgm. Per ml., heat stable and contain about 12.7% nitrogen. Acid hydrolysis yielded a number of amino acids, including glutamic acid, glycine, α–alanine, valine, leucine, proline, lysine, and arginine, as well as some unidentified compounds; however, TF does not appear to be a low molecular weight straight chain peptide.Although TF contains no iron, it combines readily with ferrous or ferric iron to form reddish-brown complexes with this metal. Activity for A. terregens is shown by certain iron containing complexes as hemin, coprogen, and ferrichrome. On the other hand none is shown by cytochrome or pulcherrimin; however, aspergillic acid, structurally related to the latter, possesses some growth promoting activity for the test organism.

Seasonal changes in the chemical composision of the red alga Hypnea musciformis

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
AF Abdel ◽  
NM Abed ◽  
M Edrees
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Hypnea Musciformis ◽  
Algal Material

Seasonal changes were observed in the chemical composition of the marine red alga Hypnea musciformis. Lipids, cholesterol, and lanosterol were found as constituents of the algal material. No low-molecular weight carbohydrates were found except small amounts of mannitol. The algal hydrolysate was shown to contain galactose, glucose, and xylose in all seasons and was characterized by a high content of glucuronic acid and its lactone in February. Definite seasonal variations were found in the patterns of free amino acids and of amino acid compositions of proteins.

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