Antimicrobial Properties of α-Dicarbonyl and Related Compounds

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. JAY ◽  
G. M. RIVERS ◽  
W. E. BOISVERT
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Enzyme Substrate

By surface plating on plate count agar, 0.005 M (430 ppm) of the α-dicarbonyl compound, diacetyl, inhibited 28 of 40 organisms with the medium at pH 6 but only 11 at pH 8. Diacetyl was more effective against gram-negative bacteria and yeasts than non-lactic gram-positive bacteria and least effective against lactic acid bacteria. Acetoin, butanedioldiacetate and five butanediol isomers were considerably less effective than diacetyl, although all were more effective at pH 6 than 8. Diacetylmonoxime and diacetyldioxime were more effective than the diols and were less affected by pH of medium than diacetyl. Phenylglyoxal (PG) and 1,2-cyclohexanedione (CHD) ranked closest to diacetyl but, unlike the latter, they were more effective against gram-positive bacteria and less so against fungi and gram-negative bacteria. All 12 compounds were more effective against selected organisms by pour plating and in broth culture than by surface plating. Like diacetyl, CHD and PG are α, α-dicarbonyls and are widely used as arginine reactive agents resulting in the blockage of enzyme-substrate reactions. Although their antimicrobial activity may be due to this property, they apparently affect different enzymes than diacetyl because their antimicrobial spectra were different. The possibility of a class of food-use antimicrobial agents bearing α-dicarbonyl groups is suggested by the findings of this study.

Effects of Diacetyl and Carbon Dioxide on Spoilage Microflora in Ground Beef

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANISHA M. WILLIAMS-CAMPBELL ◽  
JAMES M. JAY
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beef ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Spoilage Microflora

The effect of CO2 and diacetyl, alone or in combination, on spoilage microflora in ground beef was determined. Ground beef was treated with 20, 30, or 40% CO2 for 22 days (study I); 20, 50, or 100 μg/g diacetyl for 26 days (study II); or a combination of 20% CO2 and 100 μg/g diacetyl for 40 days (study III). Antimicrobial effectiveness was determined by aerobic plate counts (log10 CFU/g) using plate count agar (total aerobic bacteria), deMan Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) Lactobacillus agar (gram-positive bacteria), MacConkey agar (gram-negative bacteria), pH, and informal organoleptic assessments (by appearance and by odor). In study I, total bacteria and pH increased by day 4 in control meat samples. For all CO2 levels, gram-negative bacteria decreased and gram-positive bacteria increased compared with untreated controls. The pH remained constant for CO2-treated meat. Control samples had an off-odor and a brown appearance, while CO2-treated samples had no off-odor but did have a brown appearance. For samples treated with diacetyl (study II), spoilage was evident by day 7 for samples treated with 0, 20, and 50 μg/g diacetyl for all parameters examined. Ground beef treated with 100 μg/g diacetyl was spoiled on day 12. Diacetyl was detected (by odor) in samples that were treated with 100 μg/g diacetyl and had a brown appearance. Meat samples treated with the combination of CO2 and diacetyl (study III) showed that the addition of diacetyl did not have an additive effect on microbial growth. Combination-treated meat maintained a red appearance and no off-odor. Diacetyl and CO2 could be used in combination to maintain a red color and inhibit spoilage microorganisms.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Cyclohexane Tosyloxyimine Derivative

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Shoaib M
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Sulfonyl Chloride ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Assay ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Candida Pseudotropicalis

Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance, functionally substituted cyclohexane derivatives are being explored as potential antimicrobial agents. Reaction of diethyl 4 - hydroxy - 6 - (hyd - roxyimino) - 4 - methyl - 2 - phenylcyclohexane - 1,3 - dicarboxylate with 4 - toluene sulfonyl chloride in boiling acetone in the presence of equimolar triethylamine resulted in formation of diethyl - 4 - hydroxy - 4 - methyl - 2 - phenyl - 6 - ((tosyloxy)imino) cyclohexane - 1,3 - dicarboxylate. The structure of novel compound was characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra and elemental analysis was performed. Agar well diffusion assay was used to screen novel compound against Gram - positive bacteria, Gram - negative bacteria and fungi. Test compound showed better antimicrobial properties against Gram - negative bac teria as compared to Gram - positive bacteria and fungi. Acinetobacter baumannii BDU - 32 was found to be most sensitive bacteria while Candida pseudotropicalis BDU MA88 was found to be most sensitive yeast.

The antimicrobial properties of new synthetic porphyrins

2003 ◽  
Vol 07 (11) ◽  
pp. 755-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana O. Philippova ◽  
Boris N. Galkin ◽  
Oksana Yu. Zinchenko ◽  
Maria Yu. Rusakova ◽  
Vladimir A. Ivanitsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Free Base ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The antimicrobial activity of new meso-tetrakis(N-methyl-6-quinolinyl)-substituted porphyrins and meso-tetrakis(N-methyl-6-quinolinyl)-substituted chlorins is described. The dark toxicity and photosensitising potentials of free-base (TQP and TQC) and its Sn(IV)-complexes [(TQP)Sn(IV) and (TQC)Sn(IV)] were tested on Gram-positive (Staphylococus aureus), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and two species of yeasts (Candida albicans and Rhodotorula bogoriensis). The results described in this paper show that TQP and (TQP)Sn(IV) did not inhibit the growth of S. aureus in the dark, but efficiently photosensitize the inactivation of this Gram-positive bacteria. These porphyrins have no appreciable photosensitizing activity towards Gram-negative bacteria. However, (TQP)Sn(IV) shows high dark toxicity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The free-base derivatives demonstrated dark activity only in the case of P. aeruginosa. We suppose that these meso-tetrakis(N-methyl-6-quinolinyl)-substituted porphyrins can bind to the Gram-negative bacteria outer membrane receptors that transported vitamin B12. The meso-substituted chlorins TQC and (TQC)Sn(IV) have shown similar efficiency in the dark- and photoinactivation of S. aureus. They revealed a middle level of dark toxicity towards Gram-negative bacteria. The Sn(IV)-complex of chlorin in comparison with free base and metalloporphyrins are more effective in photoinactivation of Gram-negative bacteria. Yeasts, such as Candida albicans and Rhodotorula bogoriensis are more sensitive to photodynamic inactivation as bacterial cells. The effects of (TQP)Sn(IV) and (TQC)Sn(IV) are more expressed than effects of free bases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Action Mechanisms of Arg-Rich Short Analog Peptides Designed from the C-Terminal Loop Region of American Oyster Defensin (AOD)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Jung-Kil Seo ◽  
Dong-Gyun Kim ◽  
Ji-Eun Lee ◽  
Kwon-Sam Park ◽  
In-Ah Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
American Oyster ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Loop Region

American oyster defensin (AOD) was previously purified from acidified gill extract of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. AOD is composed of 38 amino acids with three disulfide bonds and exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria as well as significant activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Here, to develop promising peptides into antibiotic candidates, we designed five arginine-rich analogs (A0, A1, A2, A3, and A4), predicted their loop and extended strand/random structures—including nine amino acids and a disulfide bond derived from the C-terminus of AOD—and described their antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects, as well as their modes of action. In our experimental results, the A3 and A4 analogs exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against all test organisms—including four Gram-positive bacteria, six Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans—without cell toxicity. A sequence of experiments, including a membrane permeabilization assay, DNA binding study, and DNA polymerization inhibition test, indicated that the two analogs (A3 and A4) possibly did not act directly on the bacterial membrane but instead interacted with intracellular components such as DNA or DNA amplification reactions. AOD analogs also showed strong bacterial inhibition activity in the plasma environment. In addition, analog-treated microbial cells clearly exhibited membrane disruption, damage, and leakage of cytoplasmic contents. Collectively, our results suggest that two analogs, A3 and A4, have potent antimicrobial activity via DNA interaction and have the potential for development into novel antimicrobial agents.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of sulphamethoxazole-based ureas and imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krátký ◽  
Jana Mandíková ◽  
František Trejtnar ◽  
Vladimír Buchta ◽  
Jiřina Stolaříková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Oxalyl Chloride ◽  
Atypical Mycobacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Urea Derivatives ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

AbstractProgression of drug resistance among bacterial and fungal pathogens justifies the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Thus, a series of novel sulphamethoxazole-based ureas and imidazolidine- 2,4,5-triones have been designed and synthesised. The urea derivatives were obtained by the reaction of sulphamethoxazole and isocyanates, and their cyclisation to imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones was performed via oxalyl chloride. All synthesised derivatives were evaluated in vitro to determine their activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and atypical mycobacteria and their cytotoxicity. The growth of mycobacteria was inhibited within the range of 4-1000 μM and M. tuberculosis was the least-susceptible strain. 4-(3-Heptylureido)- N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)benzenesulphonamide was identified as the most promising compound because it exhibited the highest activity against atypical mycobacteria at minimum inhibitory concentrations, from 4 μM, and with acceptable toxicity (selectivity indices for M. avium and M. kansasii higher than 16 and 62.5, respectively). Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus, were inhibited at concentrations starting from 125 μM, whereas the investigated derivatives exhibited almost no antifungal potency and activity against gram-negative species.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the UV-Irradiation Technique in an Antibacterial Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mahdi Rheima ◽  
Mahdi A. Mohammed ◽  
Shaimaa Hamed Jaber ◽  
Shahad Abbas Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Irradiation Energy

The article describes a new way to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles based on UV-irradiation energy. Our technique allows for producing high quality and clean nanoparticles. Moreover, our photolysis approach allows us to synthesis silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with very low cost and short time. The nanostructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron spectroscopy and UV-visible spectrometer. Most of the Ag NPs are shown to be a hexagonal shape and some of them are a spherical shape. The average size of nanoparticles was calculated to be around 20.23 nm. The morphology, size, and ion concentration of the synthesized Ag NPs determine their absorbance and transmittance at the UV region of spectrum. Silver's antimicrobial properties are well known and due to their antimicrobial activity, silver nanoparticles become more important. Therefore, our synthesized Ag NPs were used against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and E. coli (Gram-negative bacteria). The results show that the nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml demonstrated a high activity of antimicrobials, resulting in a good inhibition for both grams positive and negative bacteria. However, the effect of Ag NPs on gram-positive bacteria is higher than gram-negative bacteria.

Study of the Resistance of PVC Composite Materials Modified with Wollastonite Activated by QAS to Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
Dilyara F. Sadykova ◽  
Elena M. Gotlib ◽  
Elena V. Perushkina ◽  
Alla G. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Materials Used

Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of PVC materials used, in particular, in medicine, is becoming increasingly important due to increased sanitary and hygienic requirements. One of the ways to ensure the resistance of PVC materials to microorganisms is modification with wollastonite, the surface of which is activated by quaternary ammonium salts (QASs). QASs are known for their antimicrobial properties. The results obtained indicate that the basic composition of linoleum is somewhat more resistant to gram-positive bacteria than to gram-negative bacteria. The introduction of wollastonite into the PVC compound formulation increases the resistance to the studied groups of microorganisms. It can be concluded that the surface treatment of Mivoll 10-97 by QAS generally improves the bactericidal properties of the material. The results obtained are consistent with the literature data on the activity of cationic QACs in relation to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Quaternary ammonium salts have the ability to be attracted to the outer surface of the negatively charged bacterial membrane due to the positive charge of their molecules.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Coumarin Based Schiff's Bases as Potential Antimicrobial Agents'

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2079-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishakha Bansode ◽  
Meenakshi N. Deodhar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

A series of the title compounds 3-(4-(4, 5-dihydro-5-(substituted phenyl)-1H-3-pyrazolyl) phenylimino) methyl)-4-chloro-2H-chromen-2-one 5(a-g) have been synthesized. These compounds were characterized on the basis of their spectral (IR,1H NMR) data and evaluated for antimicrobial activityin vitroagainst gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and fungi. The compound (5b) was found to be the most active with MIC of 20 µg/ml against all the tested organisms.

Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Paul R. Gross ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Arthritis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽  
Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽  
Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽  
Hussam H. Tizkam ◽  
Shoeb Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

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