Methods for Detection and Quantitation of Fumonisins in Corn, Cereal Products and Animal Excreta

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY G. RICE ◽  
P. FRANK ROSS
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Animal Excreta ◽  
Fumonisin B2 ◽  
Human Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Derivatives Of

Fumonisins are a group of naturally occurring mycotoxins produced by strains of several different mating populations of Gibberella fujikori (Fusarium section Liseola). Fumonisins have been shown experimentally to be the causative agent of equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), porcine pulmonary edema (PPE) syndrome, and to produce liver cancer in rats. Epidemiological evidence also indicates a possible correlation between the fumonisins and human esophageal cancer. The analytical method of choice for most samples has been high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence detection. The present work describes the baseline resolution using an isocratic mobile phase of the o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivatives of fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2) and fumonisin B3 (FB3). The separation of the hydrolyzed forms of FB1, partially hydrolyzed FB1 (PHFB1) and fully hydrolyzed FB1 (HFB1) is also described. Results of analyses of com from 1992 crop year in both Iowa (mean = 0.05 μg/g, N = 80) and Pennsylvania (mean = 0.37 μg/g, N = 91) were significantly lower than mean levels reported for 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991. Significant levels of FB1 were found in commercially prepared rat (2 μg/g) and horse (37 μg/g) feed. Levels of FB1, (0.05 to 1.2 μg/g) found in corn meal purchased from local groceries indicated a possible source of low level exposure of humans to fumonisins. The simultaneous isocratic separation of FB1, FB2, FB3 and the hydrolysis products of FB1, PHFB1 and HFB1from fecal samples indicated a possible difference in metabolism of FB1 in ruminants and nonruminants. In ruminants, the hydrolyzed forms of FB1 composed a significant (60 to 90%) portion of the total FB1 concentration found in the feces. In nonruminants, the parent compound, FB1, was the dominant (90%) species present. Both ruminants and nonruminants showed limited excretion of FB1 in their urine (<1 to 7% total FB1 in excreta).

scholarly journals Highly Asymmetric Reduction of New Benzofuryl and Benzothiophenyl α-Amino Ketones

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Tafelska-Kaczmarek ◽  
Marcin Kwit ◽  
Bartosz Stasiak
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Asymmetric Reduction ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Transfer Hydrogenation ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Chiral Hplc ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Derivatives Of

Heterocyclic compounds play an important role in medicinal chemistry and occupy a central position in synthetic organic chemistry. Both benzofuran and benzothiophene are considered as very important structures due to their diverse biological and pharmacological profile. Many clinically approved drugs are synthetic and naturally occurring substituted benzofuryl and benzothiophenyl derivatives in conjunction with other heterocycles. Therefore, a new series of α-amino ketone (containing various azole rings) derivatives of benzofuran and benzothiophene are synthesized and subjected to the transfer hydrogenation with formic acid, catalyzed by RhCl[(R,R)-TsDPEN](C5Me5). The corresponding optically active β-amino alcohols are obtained in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (93%–99%), as determined by chiral HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). The absolute configuration of the products is confirmed by means of ECD (electronic circular dichroism) spectroscopy, supported by theoretical calculations.

Determination of Fumonisins B1 and B2 in Herbal Tea and Medicinal Plants in Turkey by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1782-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
GÜLDEN Z. OMURTAG ◽  
DUYGU YAZICIOĞILU
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Fumonisin B2

The purpose of this study was to measure the potential levels of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) contamination in several herbal teas and medicinal plants that are consumed regularly in Turkey. FB1 and FB2 were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde. A total of 115 commercially available herbal tea and medicinal plant samples were analyzed. The recoveries in black tea were 86.9 ± 8.42% for FB1 and 102 ± 6.80% for FB2 spiked with 1 μg/g of each analyte. Similarly, the mean recovery results in lime (linden) for FB1 and FB2 were 85.2 ± 9.76% and 78.6 ± 5.67%, respectively. The minimum detectable amounts for the o-phthaldialdehyde derivatives of FB1 and FB2 were 0.025 μg/g (1 ng injected) and 0.125 μg/g (5 ng), respectively. FB1 was detected in two samples (0.160 and 1.487 μg/g), and FB2 was detected in none of the samples.

Review Lecture - The prostaglandins

1972 ◽  
Vol 182 (1069) ◽  
pp. 411-426 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acid ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cyclopentane Ring ◽  
Derivatives Of

Discovery ‘Prostaglandin’ was discovered in the 1930s by Professor U. S. von Euler of Stockholm during a search for adrenaline in animal tissues (Euler 1934, 1936). Developments were slow in this field at first, partly because of the lack of chemical methods for the purification of lipid-soluble substances. Isolation of two prosta­glandins (PGE 1 and PGF 1α ) was achieved in 1959 by Bergström & Sjövall (1960 a, b ). They and their colleagues (Bergström, Ryhage, Samuelsson & Sjövall 1963) showed that prostaglandins are a family of closely-related substances, all derivatives of the parent compound, prostanoic acid. Chemical structure Prostanoic acid is a fully saturated, twenty carbon monocarboxylic acid con­taining a cyclopentane ring (figure 1). This compound is not a naturally occurring substance but forms the basis for the nomenclature of the prostaglandins. How­ever, in the laboratory, trivial names and abbreviations are more frequently used.

Determination of Fumonisin B1 and B2 in Corn and Corn-Based Products in Turkey by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1072-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
GÜLDEN Z. OMURTAG
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Detectable Amount ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Minimum Detectable Amount

The purpose of this study was to investigate fumonisin B1 (FB1)- and B2 (FB2)-contaminated corn and corn-based products consumed especially by the Turkish population. FB1 and FB2 were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The total number of commercially available corn and corn-based product samples analyzed in this research was 82. The recoveries were found to be 94.4 ± 4.62% and 86.5 ± 4.86% for cornmeal spiked with known amounts of FB1 and FB2 (1 ppm), respectively. The minimum detectable amount for the o-phthaldialdehyde derivatives of FB1 and FB2 were 1 ng and 5 ng, respectively. Detected levels of FB1 were between 0.25 ppm and 2.66 ppm in 25.6% of the samples, and detected level of FB2 in a single cornmeal sample was 0.55 ppm.

Fumonisin Production by Fusarium Species Isolated from Cereals and Feeds in Spain

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 811-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. CASTELLÁ ◽  
M. R. BRAGULAT ◽  
F. J. CABAÑES
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Fluorescence Method ◽  
Fumonisin B2 ◽  
Corn Kernels

The ability of Fusarium species to produce fumonisins was studied with 145 isolates of the following species: F. moniliforme (119 isolates), F. subglutinans (12 isolates), F. proliferatum (9 isolates), F. avenaceum (1 isolate), F. oxysporum (1 isolate), and F. semitectum (3 isolates). All isolates were cultured on autoclaved corn kernels. The production of fumonisins was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography-o-phthaldialdehyde-fluorescence method. Fumonisin production was restricted to isolates of F. moniliforme (94.1%) and F. proliferatum (100%), in the section Liseola, including all strains isolated from wheat, barley, peas, and soybean. One strain of F. proliferatum isolated from maize produced 30,949 μg/g of fumonisin B1 and 16,966 μg/g of fumonisin B2.

Metabolism of the peptide deformylase inhibitor actinonin in tobacco

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai-Xia Hou ◽  
Lynnette M. A. Dirk ◽  
Jack P. Goodman ◽  
Mark A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Peptide Deformylase ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Minor Metabolite ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Actinonin is a naturally occurring hydroxamic acid and a potent inhibitor of the essential cotranslational protein processing enzyme peptide deformylase. Actinonin has both pre- and post-emergence herbicidal activity, but it is rapidly metabolized by plants, thus limiting herbicidal efficacy. Studies designed to elucidate the metabolic fate of actinonin revealed that after absorption actinonin was metabolized by tobacco plants with only about 17% of the parent compound remaining 48 h after application. Subcellular fractionation revealed that a microsomal fraction was capable of metabolizing actinonin in vitro. Two actinonin metabolites were isolated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by mass spectrometric analyses. The major metabolite was derived from the hydrolysis of the hydroxamate group to its corresponding acid, and a relatively minor metabolite through reduction of the hydroxamate group to the corresponding amide. Both metabolites were functionally inactive as inhibitors of peptide deformylase. These results provide rationale for the low efficacy of actinonin as a broad-spectrum herbicide, and identify functional groups in actinonin targeted by plants during detoxification. This information may facilitate the design and synthesis of actinonin analogues with increased herbicidal efficacy.

Fumonisins B1 and B2 in Black Tea and Medicinal Plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1268-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. LÍGIA MARTINS ◽  
H. MARINA MARTINS ◽  
FERNANDO BERNARDO
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Corn Silk ◽  
Orange Tree ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Human Esophageal Cancer

Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme that are prevalent in cereals and other agricultural products. These mycotoxins have been pointed to as a natural cause of equine leukoencephalomalacia, porcine pulmonary edema, and human esophageal cancer. A total of 87 samples, 18 black tea samples and 69 samples of four different medicinal plants (chamomile, leaves of the orange tree, leaves and flowers of the linden tree, and corn silk), for infusions preparations were acquired from supermarkets in Lisbon, Portugal. The samples were analyzed for the incidence and levels of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The detection limit was 20 μg/kg for both FB1 and FB2. FB1 was detected in 55 (65.5%) of the 87 samples. The highest number of positive samples was found in black tea (88.8%), with levels ranging from 80 to 280 μg/kg. Relative to the medicinal plants, the leaves of the orange tree had higher concentrations of FB1 (range, 350 to 700 μg/kg) followed by leaves and flowers of the linden tree (range, 20 to 200 μg/kg). The samples of corn silk and chamomile had less contamination of FB1, with concentrations ranging from 50 to 150 μg/kg and 20 to 70 μg/kg, respectively. None of the samples tested had contamination of FB2. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of fumonisins in black tea and medicinal plants in Portugal. We reinforce the necessity to implement risk management measures for safety control of this kind of product.

scholarly journals Potential Health Risk Associated with Mycotoxins in Oat Grains Consumed in Spain

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Andrea Tarazona ◽  
José Vicente Gómez ◽  
Fernando Mateo ◽  
Misericordia Jiménez ◽  
Eva María Mateo
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Fumonisin B2 ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Low Levels

Spain is a relevant producer of oats (Avena sativa), but to date there has been no study on the occurrence/co-occurrence of mycotoxins in oats marketed in Spain. The present study is addressed to overcome this lack of knowledge. One hundred oat kernel samples were acquired across different Spanish geographic regions during the years 2015–2019 and analyzed for mycotoxin content using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) method and matrix-matched calibration. The focus was on the regulated mycotoxins although other relevant mycotoxins were considered. The percentage of incidence (levels ≥ limit of detection), mean and range (ng/g) of mycotoxins were as follows: zearalenone (66%, mean 39.1, range 28.1–153), HT-2 toxin (47%, mean 37.1, range 4.98–439), deoxynivalenol, (34%, mean 81.4, range 19.1–736), fumonisin B1 (29%, mean 157.5, range 63.2–217.4), and T-2 toxin, (24%, mean 49.9, range 12.3–321). Fumonisin B2, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, aflatoxins B1, B2, and G2, and ochratoxin A were also detected at low levels, but aflatoxin G1 was not. The maximum limits established by the European Commission for unprocessed oats were not exceeded, except for zearalenone (in one sample), and the sum of aflatoxins (in two samples). Mycotoxin co-occurrence at quantifiable levels in the same sample (two to five combinations) was found in 31% of samples. The most common mixtures were those of HT-2 + T-2 toxins alone or together with deoxynivalenol and/or zearalenone.

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