Bacteriological and Color Changes in Modified Atmosphere-Packaged Refrigerated Channel Catfish

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. SILVA ◽  
T. D. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillet strips were packaged under aerobic (AIR), 25% carbon dioxide (CO2) (LC) and 80% CO2 (HC) environments with the remainder being air; and stored at 2 and 8°C for 4 weeks. Aerobic plate counts (APC) for HC fish at 2°C declined from 6 log CFU/g to 1.4 log CFU/g after 2 weeks but increased to 5 log CFU/g by the third week. The HC-stored strips at 8°C had an initial increase in APC followed by a decline to 1.4 log CFU/g on the third week, and a rise to 9 log CFU/g by the fourth week. Aerobic plate counts in AIR- and LC-packed fish at either temperature increased steadily throughout storage. Fish surface pH declined in HC-packed product from 6.2 to 5.6 by the fourth week, but did not change in LC and AIR packs. Hunter L-values increased in CO2-packed products, while Hunter a-values decreased. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from fish under LC and AIR at 8°C in the second and third weeks. Salmonella spp. was present in fish stored in all storage atmospheres at 8°C, but only in AIR-packed fish at 2°C. Clostridium botulinum was not found in product at any of the storage atmospheres at either temperature at any time. The best treatment was fish packed in HC and stored at 2°C.

Attenuation of Microbial Growth on Modified Atmosphere-Packaged Fish

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 610-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. H. GRAY ◽  
D. G. HOOVER ◽  
A. M. MUIR
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Logarithmic Phase ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Pomatomus Saltatrix ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cynoscion Regalis ◽  
Positive Evidence

Four species of fish from Atlantic waters, Meronia americanus (perch), Cynoscion regalis (seatrout), Micropogon undulatis (croaker) and Pomatomus saltatrix (bluefish), were processed (gutted or filleted), packaged under carbon dioxide and refrigerated. Stability of the fish under the modified atmosphere preservation (MAP) system was compared to that of fish stored conventionally. Use of the MAP system resulted in a 45 to 55% increase in stability, primarily due to an extension in the lag phase of psychrotrophic organisms and to their reduced growth rate in the logarithmic phase. By the 10th day of storage, the conventionally packed fish always exhibited a 100-fold higher psychrotroph count than the CO2-packed fish. Levels of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were negligible in this MAP system and no Salmonella spp. or Staphylococcus aureus was detected, even at an abuse temperature (10°C) of storage. Positive evidence for preformed Clostridium botulinum toxin was lacking.

Toxin Production by Clostridium botulinum Type E in Packaged Channel Catfish

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1358-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
PING CAI ◽  
MARK A. HARRISON ◽  
YAO-WEN HUANG ◽  
JUAN L. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Oxygen Barrier ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum Type E

Channel catfish were inoculated with 3 to 4 log spores/g of a mixed pool of four strains of C. botulinum type E (Beluga, Minnesota, G21-5, and 070) and were packaged with an oxygen-permeable overwrap, in an oxygen-barrier bag with a modified atmosphere of CO2-N2 (80:20) or in a master bag with the same modified atmosphere. Packaged fish were stored at either 4°C and sampled at intervals over 30 days or at 10°C and sampled at intervals over 12 days. An additional master bag treatment in which overwrap-packaged catfish was stored first at 4°C, then removed from the master bags and stored at 10°C, was sampled at intervals over 18 days. Toxin production was evaluated using the mouse bioassay. Aerobic psychrotrophic and anaerobic populations were enumerated, and product spoilage characteristics were noted. Under abusive storage conditions of 10°C, there was no difference among the potential for toxin production in the packaged fish, with botulinum toxin detected on fish from each package type by day 6. At 4°C, toxin production was detected on day 9 in the overwrapped packages, while it was on day 18 in the modified atmosphere packaging. No toxin was found in the master bags held continually at 4°C. Toxin was detected on day 18 from samples initially held at 4°C in the master bag and subsequently held at 10°C. Spoilage preceded toxin production for samples stored at 4°C for each type of packaging. At 10°C, spoilage and toxin detection times coincided.

Growth of Inoculated Psychrotrophic Pathogens on Refrigerated Fillets of Aquacultured Rainbow Trout and Channel Catfish†

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
CUSTY F. FERNANDES ◽  
GEORGE J. FLICK ◽  
TASHA B. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Sterile Plastic

Aquacultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets were inoculated with the psychrotrophic pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Aeromonas hydrophila: cell populations were monitored during refrigerated storage at 2 to 4°C. Fillets of both species were placed individually in sterile plastic bags and inoculated with cell suspensions (104.7 CFU/100 g of fish) of either A. hydrophila or L. monocytogenes or of both A. hydrophila and L. monocytogenes, for a total of three treatments for each species of fish. Each inoculum and fillet were mixed to ensure uniform distribution and then stored at 2 to 4°C. A. hydrophila, L. monocytogenes, and aerobio cell populations were determined on days 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13, and 15. Individually inoculated A. hydrophila and L. monocytogenes grew on catfish and trout fillets during the 15-day study. There was no inhibition of either pathogen by the natural flora on the fillets. Both psychrotrophic pathogens grew equally well in catfish and trout fillets inoculated with a combination of A. hydrophila and L. monocytogenes. In all three treatments, the counts of the psychrotrophic pathogens were lower than the aerobic plate counts. The growth of the psychrotrophic pathogens L. monocytogenes and/or A. hydrophila during refrigerated storage on aquacultured fish fillets could increase the food hazard risk, particularly where there is a possibility of cross-contamination with ready-to-eat food products.

Comparison of Quality in Aquacultured Fresh Catfish Fillets II. Pathogens E. coli O157:H7, Campylobacter, Vibrio, Plesiomonas, and Klebsiella†

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1182-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
CUSTY F. FERNANDES ◽  
GEORGE J. FLICK ◽  
JUAN L. SILVA ◽  
THOMAS A. McCASKEY
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Catfish Fillets ◽  
Plate Counts

Aquacultured channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were evaluated for the presence of human pathogenic bacteria. Fresh catfish fillets procured from three catfish processors in the southeastern United States during the four annual seasons (e.g., summer, fall, winter, and fall) were screened for selected human pathogens. At each sampling time point, 20 freshly processed catfish fillets were randomly selected from each processor during each season. Five catfish fillets were randomly selected for aerobic plate counts and all 20 fillets were screened for five pathogenic bacteria viz. Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Vibrio cholerae. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the aerobic plate counts due to differences in unit processing operations and processing season. C. jejuni/coli, E. coli O157:H7 and K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae were not isolated. Only P. shigelloides and V. cholerae were isolated during the warm weather.

Role of Organic Acids during Processing To Improve Quality of Channel Catfish Fillets†

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
CUSTY F. FERNANDES ◽  
GEORGE J. FLICK ◽  
JENNIFER COHEN ◽  
TASHA B. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Catfish Fillets ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Microbial Preparation ◽  
Lactic Acids

A microbial preparation derived from aquacultured channel catfish fillets (Ictalurus punctatus) was acidified with 0,1,2 and 4% (vol/vol) weak organic and held in an ice bath at 0°C to simulate the chilling process. Additionally, catfish fillets were sprayed under varying pressures at 15°C with organic acids to evaluate the efficacy of concentrations of organic acids and spray pressures to ameliorate the microbiological quality. To determine plate counts, the dilution fluid was neutralized to pH 7.2 with 1.0 M NaOH. The aerobic plates counts of microorganisms in the chilling water were monitored over a 20-min interval. Aerobic plate counts were found on the channel catfish fillets before and after spray washing with organic acids. Plates were incubated at 35°C for 48 h. The addition of organic acids to the microbial preparation used in simulating the chilling process significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of bacteria surviving. The number of surviving bacteria in the chilled water decreased with increasing concentration and time of exposure to organic acids. Propionic acid had the most detrimental effect on organisms present in the microfloral preparation followed by acetic and lactic acids. Spray washing of catfish fillets with water did not significantly (P < 0.05) affect the microbial quality of fillets. However, catfish fillets sprayed with organic (lactic and propionic) acids significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the microbial counts by 10-fold. Lactic and propionic acids were not significantly (P > 0.05) different in influencing the aerobic counts of the catfish fillets.

Preparation and characterization of collagen polypeptide chelated calcium from fish bone powder of channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Jian-feng LU ◽  
Chang-wei MENG ◽  
Jin LI ◽  
Zi-hui GONG ◽  
Lin LIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Bone Powder

Bioeconomic Analysis of Flavobacterium columnare Vaccine Pond Trials with Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian K. Malecki ◽  
Luke A. Roy ◽  
Cova R. Arias ◽  
Miles D. Lange ◽  
Craig A. Shoemaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Flavobacterium Columnare

Novel polymorphisms in Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase (SCD) and Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FADS2) in channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus, Rafinesque, 1818 )

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliva Mendoza‐Pacheco ◽  
Gaspar Manuel Parra‐Bracamonte ◽  
Xochitl Fabiola De la Rosa‐Reyna ◽  
Ana María Sifuentes‐Rincón ◽  
Isidro Otoniel Montelongo‐Alfaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase 2

scholarly journals MELANOPHORE BANDS AND AREAS DUE TO NERVE CUTTING, IN RELATION TO THE PROTRACTED ACTIVITY OF NERVES

1941 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Limited Degree ◽  
Adrenergic Fibers

1. When appropriate chromatic nerves are cut caudal bands, cephalic areas, and the pelvic fins of the catfish Ameiurus darken. In pale fishes all these areas will sooner or later blanch. By recutting their nerves all such blanched areas will darken again. 2. These observations show that the darkening of caudal bands, areas, and fins on cutting their nerves is not due to paralysis (Brücke), to the obstruction of central influences such as inhibition (Zoond and Eyre), nor to vasomotor disturbances (Hogben), but to activities emanating from the cut itself. 3. The chief agents concerned with the color changes in Ameiurus are three: intermedin from the pituitary gland, acetylcholine from the dispersing nerves (cholinergic fibers), and adrenalin from the concentrating nerves (adrenergic fibers). The first two darken the fish; the third blanches it. In darkening the dispersing nerves appear to initiate the process and to be followed and substantially supplemented by intermedin. 4. Caudal bands blanch by lateral invasion, cephalic areas by lateral invasion and internal disintegration, and pelvic fins by a uniform process of general loss of tint equivalent to internal disintegration. 5. Adrenalin may be carried in such an oil as olive oil and may therefore act as a lipohumor; it is soluble in water and hence may act as a hydrohumor. In lateral invasion (caudal bands, cephalic areas) it probably acts as a lipohumor and in internal disintegration (cephalic areas, pelvic fins) it probably plays the part of a hydrohumor. 6. The duration of the activity of dispersing nerves after they had been cut was tested by means of the oscillograph, by anesthetizing blocks, and by cold-blocks. The nerves of Ameiurus proved to be unsatisfactory for oscillograph tests. An anesthetizing block, magnesium sulfate, is only partly satisfactory. A cold-block, 0°C., is successful to a limited degree. 7. By means of a cold-block it can be shown that dispersing autonomic nerve fibers in Ameiurus can continue in activity for at least 6½ hours. It is not known how much longer they may remain active. So far as the duration of their activity is concerned dispersing nerve fibers in this fish are unlike other types of nerve fibers usually studied.

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