Fate of Ochratoxin A during Cooking of Naturally Contaminated Polished Rice

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2107-2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE WON PARK ◽  
SOO-HYUN CHUNG ◽  
CHAN LEE ◽  
YOUNG-BAE KIM
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
C6 Glioma Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Low Levels

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin widespread in cereals, occurs in polished rice that is consumed as cooked rice after washing and steaming. Cooking decreases OTA levels in food to varying extents, but little is known about how cooking changes the biological activity of this mycotoxin. We therefore evaluated the fate of OTA during rice cooking to determine the OTA residues and cytotoxic potential in vitro. Water-washed rice, ordinary cooked rice, and pressure-cooked rice were prepared from three polished rice lots naturally contaminated with OTA. Residual OTA in each sample was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), whereas in vitro cytotoxicity of OTA to C6 glioma cells, susceptible to low levels (nanograms per milliliter) of OTA, was used to confirm the chemical analysis. OTA concentration, as determined by HPLC analysis, in the cooked rice by both types of cookers was significantly lower than (59 to 75%) in the raw polished rice and water-washed rice. The cytotoxicity of the OTA that remained in the pressure-cooked rice from three lots was markedly decreased (approximately 20%, P < 0.05) when compared with other samples in respective lots. This confirms that cooking lowers OTA residues. Although washing polished rice with water had little effect on OTA levels, pressure steaming appeared to be the critical cooking step not only to reduce OTA residues in polished rice before reaching the consumer as the dietary staple of cooked rice, but also to diminish cytotoxicity of OTA.

scholarly journals Effect of Rat C6 Glioma Cells in Varying Concentrations of Cultured in Isorhamnetin

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
TIAN Rui-rui
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
C6 Glioma ◽  
C6 Glioma Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Rat Glioma ◽  
Solvent Control

Objective: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of isorhamnetin on C6 rat glioma cells in vitro from January 2015 to June 2015. Methods: The blank control group, blank solvent control group and four concentration groups were used to observe the cell growth status under a microscope. MTT colorimetric assay was used to detect the effect of isorhamnetin on C6 glioma cells in vitro and the cell inhibition rate And survival rate were measured. The apoptotic and apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry in the treatment group and the control group. The relationship between the different concentrations of isorhamnetin and C6 glioma cell apoptosis was analyzed the total protein was extracted and the total AKT protein and Ser473 AKT protein content were detected by Western blotting. The rat model of glioma was constructed by SD rats.Five days of isorhamnetin was continuously fed and the plasma was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography,liver, brain tissue isorhamnetin content. 

scholarly journals Effect of Different Isorhamnetin of Different Density Cultured Rat C6 Glioma Cells in Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhua Yang ◽  
Zhuanni Sun
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
C6 Glioma ◽  
C6 Glioma Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Brain Glioma ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

Objective To explore the influence of different concentrations of isorhamnetin on C6 glioma cell morphology. Methods Set the blank control group, blank solvent control group and reagent group of four concentration, the growth of cells were observed under microscope; MTT assay was used to test the effect of isorhamnetin on cultured C6 glioma cells, as well as calculate the cell inhibition rate and survival rate; flow cytometry was used to check the detection peak and detection rate of Isorhamnetin group and negative control apoptosis group, and analyzed the relationship between different concentrations of isorhamnetin and C6 glioma cell apoptosis rate; total protein was extracted from cells, and used Western blotting to detected total AKT protein and Ser473 AKT protein loci in cells; used SD rats to construct brain glioma model, feed isorhamnetin plain to them for five days, and then used HPLC to detect plasma, liver, brain tissue content. Results Under the observation of inverted microscope and image analysis, after using Isorhamnetin, tumor cells appear apoptosis and necrosis change. Display with different Isorhamnetin MTT colorimetric method shows that the higher the concentration of added Isorhamnetin, the worse the growth rate of C6 glioma cells in vitro, and the higher the Inhibitory rate, the lower survival rate. The flow cytometric detection shows the C6 glioma cells which is added 40 ug/ul Isorhamnetin have the highest rate of apoptosis. After adding 80 μ g/ μ l concentration of the isorhamnetin, C6 glioma cells have the lowest survival rate. Western blot test shows the AKT protein and Ser473 total site AKT protein density is in reverse proportion to the increase of the concentration of the isorhamnetin. High performance liquid chromatographic method has determined that there are isorhamnetin in both the rat plasma and brain tissue, which shows that the plasma and tissue all have different isorhamnetin  distribution,  and  isorhamnetin mainly exist in the brain tissue. Conclusion Low concentration  of  isorhamnetin  can  induce apoptosis  of  C6  glioma  cells,  and  high concentration of isorhamnetin can lead to apoptosis and necrosis of C6 glioma cells in vitro, which has obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of glioma cells, and the mechanism is closely related to PI3K/AKT pathway, and in SD rat brain glioma model , the high performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the content of plasma and brain tissue, which indicated the isorhamnetin has target in brain tissue, which provided  experimental  evidence  for  the development and utilization of isorhamnetin in mice.

Fate of Aflatoxin B1 during the Cooking of Korean Polished Rice

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1431-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE WON PARK ◽  
CHAN LEE ◽  
YOUNG-BAE KIM
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Mutagenicity Assay ◽  
Processing Factors

The fate of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin known to occur in polished rice, during rice cooking was evaluated to determine reduction in AFB1 residues and mutagenic potentials. The amounts of AFB1 in three lots of naturally contaminated polished rice from Korea were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography after washing and after steaming. An in vitro mutagenicity assay with Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 was used to confirm the results of the chemical analyses. Cooking significantly reduced AFB1 (mean reduction, 34%) in naturally contaminated polished rice and reduced mutagenicity by ca. 27%. Processing factors (reflecting the removal of AFB1 residues during processing) for cooked rice were estimated at 0.66 to 0.73, as determined chemically and toxicologically, respectively. The revised Korean provisional daily intake of AFB1 from consumption of rice as a dietary staple (0.58 to 3.94 ng/kg of body weight per day) is still higher than that reported for foods in general in the United States (0.26 ng/kg of body weight per day). Thus, Koreans probably consume higher amounts of foodborne AFB1 than do Americans and thus are at higher risk for AFB1-induced health consequences.

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Ochratoxin A Stability and Cytotoxicity in Methanolic Solutions and Potential Application in Tunisian Millet Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1433-1439
Author(s):  
IMED MAATOUK ◽  
AMEL MEHREZ ◽  
AYA BEN AMARA ◽  
RAGOUBI CHAYMA ◽  
SALWA ABID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Methanolic Solution ◽  
Irradiation Treatment

ABSTRACT Gamma irradiation is a useful technology for degrading mycotoxins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of irradiation on ochratoxin A (OTA) stability under different conditions. OTA was irradiated in methanolic solution and on millet flour at doses of 2 and 4 kGy. Residual OTA concentrations and possible degradation products in irradiated samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The extent of in vitro cytotoxicity of OTA to HepG2 cells, with and without irradiation treatment, was assessed with an MTT assay. OTA was more sensitive to gamma radiation on Tunisian millet flour than in methanolic solutions. After irradiation of naturally contaminated millet flour, the OTA concentration was significantly reduced by 48 and 62% at a dose of 2 and 4 kGy, respectively. However, in the methanolic solution, OTA at concentrations of 1 and 5 μg mL−1 was relatively stable even at a dose of 4 kGy, with no degradation products detected in the chemical analysis. Analytical results were confirmed by cell culture assays. The remaining cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of OTA following irradiation was not significantly affected compared with the controls. These findings indicate that gamma irradiation could offer a solution for OTA decontamination in the postharvest processing chain of millet flour. However, the associated toxicological hazard of decontaminated food matrices needs more investigation.

A two-step synthetic strategy to obtain a water-soluble derivative of curcumin with improved antioxidant capacity and in vitro cytotoxicity in C6 glioma cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Landeros ◽  
Fernando Belmont-Bernal ◽  
Alma Teresa Pérez-González ◽  
Mario Israel Pérez-Padrón ◽  
Patricia Guevara-Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
C6 Glioma ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
C6 Glioma Cells ◽  
Synthetic Strategy

Radiosensitivity of glioma to Gamma Knife treatment enhanced in vitro and in vivo by RNA interfering Ku70 that is mediated by a recombinant adenovirus

2010 ◽  
Vol 113 (Special_Supplement) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Jia ◽  
Yanhe Li ◽  
Desheng Xu ◽  
Zhenjiang Li ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
C6 Glioma ◽  
C6 Glioma Cells ◽  
C6 Cells

Object The authors sought to evaluate modification of the radiation response of C6 glioma cells in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the expression of Ku70. To do so they investigated the effect of gene transfer involving a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus containing Ku70 short hairpin RNA (Ad-Ku70shRNA) combined with Gamma Knife treatment (GKT). Methods First, Ad-Ku70shRNA was transfected into C6 glioma cells and the expression of Ku70 was measured using Western blot analysis. In vitro, phenotypical changes in C6 cells, including proliferation, cell cycle modification, invasion ability, and apoptosis were evaluated using the MTT (3′(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, Western blot analysis, and cell flow cytometry. In vivo, parental C6 cells transfected with Ad-Ku70shRNA were implanted stereotactically into the right caudate nucleus in Sprague-Dawley rats. After GKS, apoptosis was analyzed using the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling) method. The inhibitory effects on growth and invasion that were induced by expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and matrix metalloproteinase–9 were determined using immunohistochemical analyses. Results The expression of Ku70 was clearly inhibited in C6 cells after transfection with Ad-Ku70shRNA. In vitro following transfection, the C6 cells showed improved responses to GKT, including suppression of proliferation and invasion as well as an increased apoptosis index. In vivo following transfection of Ad-Ku70shRNA, the therapeutic efficacy of GKT in rats with C6 gliomas was greatly enhanced and survival times in these animals were prolonged. Conclusions Our data support the potential for downregulation of Ku70 expression in enhancing the radiosensitivity of gliomas. The findings of our study indicate that targeted gene therapy–mediated inactivation of Ku70 may represent a promising strategy in improving the radioresponsiveness of gliomas to GKT.

Significant correlations between atmospheric spectra according to Baumer and the in vitro incorporation of [3 H]thymidine into the nuclear DNA of C6-glioma cells

FEBS Letters ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 288 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 244-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Vogl ◽  
Georg Hoffmann ◽  
Barbara Stöpfel ◽  
Hans Baumer ◽  
Oliver Kempski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
C6 Glioma ◽  
C6 Glioma Cells

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibition activity of Plukenetia volubilis L. leaves extract for anti-aging application

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
N. Wuttisin ◽  
T. Nararatwanchai ◽  
A. Sarikaphuti
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblast ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Plukenetia Volubilis

Plukenetia volubilis L. leaves were part of the traditional diets in many countries. P. volubilis leaves were used to make tea and sold as local products in Thailand. There is less information on the composition of P. volubilis leaves. Previous study revealed that roasted leaves extract with hot water showed the highest antioxidant activity and the antioxidant property might be due to the presence of flavonoid. The present study was carried out to determine the quercetin content in P. volubilis leaves extract and evaluate the anti-aging potential activities including MMP-2 inhibition activity and telomerase stimulation activity. P. volubilis leaves were roasted in hot air oven and extracted with hot water. The extract was investigated for quercetin content by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro cytotoxicity, MMP-2 inhibition activity and telomerase stimulation activity were determined for anti-aging properties. The results revealed that P. volubilis leaves contained quercetin 50.50±4.78 mg/g DW. The extract showed no cytotoxicity on human skin fibroblast with cell viability of 96.76-120.83%. It demonstrated the potential of MMP-2 inhibition (8.74±2.84%) activity but lower than ascorbic acid. P. volubilis leave extract did not have telomerase stimulation activity on the human Hela cell line. However, the results from this study have indicated the possibility of anti-aging potential of P. volubilis leaves extract.

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