Detection of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli Serogroups O157 and O26 in the Cecal Content and Lymphatic Tissue of Cattle at Slaughter in Italy

Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) has emerged as a foodborne pathogen that can cause severe and potentially fatal illnesses, such as hemorrhagic colitis or the hemolytic uremic syndrome. In this study, 182 cattle at slaughter (119 dairy cows and 63 feedlot cattle) were randomly selected and tested for the presence of VTEC serogroups O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157 in their cecal content and lymphatic tissue (tonsils or mesenteric lymph nodes). A total of 364 samples were evaluated with an immunomagnetic separation technique followed by slide agglutination. Presumptive VTEC O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157 isolates were tested by Vero cell assay for verocytotoxin production and by multiplex PCR assay for the detection of vtx1, vtx2, eae, and E-hlyA genes. VTEC O157 was detected in 6 (3.3%) of 182 animals, and VTEC O26 was detected in 1 (0.5%) of 182 animals. No VTEC O103, VTEC O111, or VTEC O145 isolates were found in cattle feces, but one VTEC O91:H− vtx2+, eae−, E-hlyA+ strain nonspecifically cross-reacted with the VTEC O103 type. The prevalence of VTEC O157 in the lymphatic tissue of cattle was 1.1% in both tonsils (1 of 93 samples) and mesenteric lymph nodes (1 of 89 samples). Lymphatic tissue contamination was observed only in VTEC O157 intestinal carriers; two (33.3%) of six fecal carriers were simultaneously VTEC O157 lymphatic carriers. This finding suggests that VTEC O157 contamination of meat does not necessarily come from feces or the environment. No other VTEC serogroups were detected in the lymphatic tissue of slaughtered cattle.

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Inhibition of Escherichia coli Translocation from the Gastrointestinal Tract by Normal Cecal Flora in Gnotobiotic or Antibiotic-Decontaminated Mice

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.29.3.1073-1081.1980 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 1073-1081

Author(s):

Rodney D. Berg

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Specific Pathogen Free ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

E Coli ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Specific Pathogen ◽

Gnotobiotic Mice

Escherichia coli C25 maintained population levels of 10 9 to 10 10 per g of cecum and translocated to 100% of the middle mesenteric lymph nodes in gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with E. coli C25. Intragastric inoculation of these mice with the cecal contents from specific-pathogen-free mice reduced the population levels of E. coli C25 to 10 6 per g of cecum and completely inhibited translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Intragastric inoculation with heat-treated, Formalintreated, or filtered cecal contents did not reduce the population levels of E. coli C25 or reduce the incidence of translocation of E. coli C25 to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, viable bacteria apparently are required in the cecal contents inocula to reduce the population levels and the incidence of translocation of E. coli C25. Treatment with streptomycin plus bacitracin decreased the anaerobic bacterial levels in these gnotobiotic mice, allowing increased population levels of E. coli C25 and increased translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. E. coli C25 also translocated to the mesenteric lymph nodes of specific-pathogen-free mice treated with streptomycin and bacitracin before colonization with E. coli C25. The high cecal population levels of E. coli C25 in these antibiotic-decontaminated specific-pathogen-free mice apparently overwhelm any barrier to translocation exerted by the immunologically developed lamina propria of the specific-pathogen-free mice. Inoculation of gnotobiotic mice with a cecal flora also reduced the population levels of an indigenous strain of E. coli with a concomitant inhibition of translocation of the indigenous E. coli to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, bacterial antagonism of the gastrointestinal population levels of certain indigenous bacteria, such as E. coli , by other members of the normal bacterial flora appears to be an important defense mechanism confining bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract.

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Analysis of IL-2 Production in Hookworm Infected Hamsters Using Generated Polyclonal Antibodies

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/v10213-012-0007-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 37-42

Author(s):

Ewa Długosz ◽

Jarosław Cendrowski ◽

Piotr Bąska ◽

Anna Siwińska ◽

Halina Wędrychowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Ancylostoma Ceylanicum ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Race Pcr

Abstract The aim of the study was cloning and analysis of the entire coding sequence of hamster IL-2 by the method of RACE-PCR, its expression in Escherichia coli cells, and production of IL-2 specific antibodies. These antibodies were used to determine in vitro IL-2 production by cells derived from the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of Ancylostoma ceylanicum infected hamsters. The highest concentration of IL-2 was noted in supernatants from cell cultures coming from the oldest, most resistant hamsters.

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Salmonella TyphimuriumInfection Along the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract and Associated Lymphoid Tissues

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985819843682 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 681-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natividad Bellido-Carreras ◽

Héctor Argüello ◽

Sara Zaldívar-López ◽

Ángeles Jiménez-Marín ◽

Rodrigo P. Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Early Time ◽

Effective Control ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Time Points ◽

Mesenteric Lymph

Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen and pork is one of the main sources of human salmonellosis. Understanding the pathogenesis and progression of the infection within the host is of interest to establish potential approaches to control the disease in pigs. The present study evaluates factors such as intestinal colonization, fecal shedding, and pathogen persistence by 2 studies using experimental challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium in weaned pigs and euthanasia at different time points (1, 2, and 6 and 2, 14, and 30 days postinfection [dpi], respectively). Histopathology of intestine at early time points (1 dpi and 2 dpi) showed severe damage to the epithelium together with an increase in polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages ( P < .001), particularly in jejunum and ileum. Large quantities of Salmonella were detected within the contents of the ileum, cecum, and colon in early infection. Salmonella could also be observed in the medulla of tonsils and mesenteric lymph nodes. From 6 dpi onward, signs of recovery were observed, with progressive restoration of the epithelium, reduction of the inflammatory infiltrate, and elimination of Salmonella from the mucosa. Concentration of Salmonella in feces and ileum content decreased, but shedding did not cease even at 4 weeks after infection. Persistence of the bacteria in mesenteric lymph nodes was identified within the connective tissue at 14 and 30 dpi. Our results demonstrate a recovery of the disease after an initial acute phase but also show persistence within the lumen and surrounding lymphoid tissue. These findings are relevant to developing effective control strategies.

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Bulking fibre prevents translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes of an efficiently translocating Escherichia coli strain in rats

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/s0261-5614(98)80055-1 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 185-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C.-G. Nettelbladt ◽

M. Katouli ◽

T. Bark ◽

T. Svenberg ◽

R. Möllby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Coli Strain ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph

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Ability of intestinal Escherichia coli to survive within mesenteric lymph nodes.

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.55.11.2834-2837.1987 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 55 (11) ◽

pp. 2834-2837 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C L Wells ◽

M A Maddaus ◽

R P Jechorek ◽

R L Simmons

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph

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Detection of Extended- Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli from mesenteric lymph nodes of wild boars (Sus scrofa)

Italian Journal of Food Safety ◽

10.4081/ijfs.2018.7707 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Silvia Bonardi ◽

Clotilde Silvia Cabassi ◽

Simona Longhi ◽

Federico Pia ◽

Margherita Corradi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Emilia Romagna Region ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are increasing in several European countries, including Italy. In areas with intensive animal farming, like the Italian Emilia-Romagna region, they are likely to be exposed to antimicrobialresistant (AMR) bacteria of livestock origin. In 2017-2018, 108 mesenteric lymph nodes samples were collected from 108 wild boars hunted in Parma province, Emilia-Romagna region, to be tested for ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli. One isolate (WB-21L) out of 108 (0.9%) was phenotypically confirmed as ESBLproducing E. coli. The strain WB-21L was tested by PCR for the genes blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaAmpC, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48, blaSPM, blaBIC, blaSIM, blaDIM, blaGIM, blaAIM, resulting positive for TEM β-lactamase. Resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, streptomycin, sulfasomidine, tetracycline and trimethoprim confirmed the multi-resistance nature of the strain WB-21L. Nine E. coli isolates showed resistance to meropenem by the Kirby Bauer test but none of them showed Meropenem MIC values indicative of resistance. In conclusion, the present study shows the presence of ESBL E. coli in wild boars and the possible risk of transfer to game meat handlers and consumers. Future studies are needed to better evaluate the sources of AMR bacteria in wildlife.

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Translocation of Escherichia coli from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes in gnotobiotic mice receiving Escherichia coli vaccines before colonization

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.30.3.894-898.1980 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 894-898

Author(s):

R D Berg ◽

A W Garlington

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

E Coli ◽

Specific Serum ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Gnotobiotic Mice

Germfree mice were immunized orally or intraperitoneally for 6 weeks with heat-killed vaccines of indigenous Escherichia coli or nonindigenous E. coli O 127: B8 before colonization with these strains. The mice exhibited increases in specific serum antibodies and intestinal immunoglobulin A reacting with the E coli antigens. Prior immunization did not reduce the gastrointestinal population levels of the E. coli strains attained 3 and 7 days after colonization. Neither oral nor intraperitoneal immunization with the E. coli strains before colonization decreased the incidence of bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes or reduced the number of viable E. coli cells per mesenteric lymph node. There also was no relation in individual mice between serum antibody titers and the numbers of viable E. coli cells translocating to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, prior vaccination with E. coli in this study did not decrease the incidence or reduce the numbers of viable E. coli translocating to the mesenteric lymph nodes in gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with E. coli.

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Portal Hypertension Promotes Bacterial Translocation in Rats Mono- and Non Mono-Associated with Escherichia Coli C25

HPB Surgery ◽

10.1155/1994/57549 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 95-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jean-Nicolas Vauthey ◽

Petra Duda ◽

Anthony M. Wheatley ◽

Philippe Gertsch

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Portal Hypertension ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Bacterial Translocation ◽

Hypovolemic Shock ◽

Portal Vein Ligation ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Septic Complications ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

High Incidence

The basis for the high incidence of infectious complications in portal hypertension (PHT) remains unclear. The hypothesis that PHT induces bacterial translocation (BT) was tested in a rat model with or without mono-association with streptomycin resistant Escherichia coli C25 and with or without hypovolemic shock. PHT was achieved by partial portal vein ligation and three weeks later hypovolemic shock (HS) was induced. Blood, liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes cultures were performed twenty-four hours later.PHT promoted BT to mesenteric lymph nodes in indigenous flora (4/6 [67%]) and mono-associated animals (7/9 [78%]) compared to sham laparotomy and sham shock (SL + SS) animals (0/6 [0%] and 2/9 [22%] respectively) (p = 0.03). The combination of PHT and HS resulted in increased mortality in mono-associated (7/15 [47%]) and non mono-associated animals (8/15 [53%]). No significant translocation was noted in liver and spleen and bacteremia was found only in the PHT + HS mono-associated animals (4/8 [50%]).PHT induces BT to mesenteric lymph nodes and this may account for the high incidence of septic complications associated witti PHT. In this model, the addition of HS to PHT leads to an increased mortality but without uniform translocation of the gut flora beyond mesenteric lymph nodes.

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