Sources and Spread of Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. during Partial Depopulation of Broiler Chicken Flocks

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. ALLEN ◽  
H. WEAVER ◽  
A. M. RIDLEY ◽  
J. A. HARRIS ◽  
M. SHARMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽  
Broiler Flock ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
Thinning Process ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The practice of partial depopulation or thinning (early removal of a portion of birds from a commercial broiler flock) is a reported risk factor for Campylobacter colonization of residual birds because of the difficulty in maintaining biosecurity during the thinning process. The effect of this practice was studied in detail for 51 target flocks, each at a different growing farm belonging to one of seven major poultry companies throughout the United Kingdom. On 21 of these farms, the target flock was already colonized by Campylobacter, and at slaughter all cecal samples examined were positive, with a mean of 8 log CFU/g. An additional 27 flocks became positive within 2 to 6 days of the start of thinning and had similarly high levels of cecal carriage at slaughter. Just before the thinning process, Campylobacter was isolated frequently from the farm driveways, transport vehicles, equipment, and personnel. Strains from seven farms on which flocks became colonized after thinning were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing. An association was found between strains occurring at specific sampling sites and those isolated subsequently from the thinned flocks. The results indicated that particular strains had spread from one farm to another when the farms were jointly owned by the same company and employed the same bird-catching teams and/or vehicles. These results highlight the need for better hygiene control in relation to catching equipment and personnel and more effective cleaning and disinfection of vehicles and bird-transport crates.

Evaluation of Logistic Processing To Reduce Cross-Contamination of Commercial Broiler Carcasses with Campylobacter spp.

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2549-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAKSHMI-PRASANNA POTTURI-VENKATA ◽  
STEFFEN BACKERT ◽  
SERGIO L. VIEIRA ◽  
OMAR A. OYARZABAL
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Large Problem ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Simple Logistic ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Cross-contamination of broiler carcasses with Campylobacter is a large problem in food production. Here, we investigated whether the contamination of broilers carcasses from Campylobacter-negative flocks can be avoided by logistic scheduling during processing. For this purpose, fecal samples were collected from several commercial broiler flocks and enumerated for Campylobacter spp. Based on enumeration results, flocks were categorized as Campylobacter negative or Campylobacter positive. The schedule of processing included the testing of Campylobacter-positive flocks before or after the testing of Campylobacter-negative flocks. During processing, flocks were also sampled for Campylobacter spp. before and after chilling. Campylobacter strains were identified with multiplex PCR and analyzed for relatedness with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Our results show that Campylobacter-negative flocks were indeed contaminated with Campylobacter strains originating from previously processed Campylobacter-positive flocks. Campylobacter isolates collected from carcasses originating from different farms processed on the same day showed similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, confirming cross-contamination. These findings suggest that a simple logistic processing schedule can preserve the Campylobacter-negative status of broiler carcasses and result in products with enhanced food safety.

Tracing Flock-Related Campylobacter Clones from Broiler Farms through Slaughter to Retail Products by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN-ALEXANDER LIENAU ◽  
LÜPPO ELLERBROEK ◽  
GÜNTER KLEIN
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽  
Retail Products ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

A total of 237 Campylobacter isolates from broiler flocks at farm (45 isolates) and slaughter (192 isolates) were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for epidemiological tracing studies. For PFGE, a modification of the Campynet method was used, which was standardized in a European Union project. The goal of the study was to trace flock-related Campylobacter clones through the whole production chain, from farm through slaughter to retail products, to investigate the introduction of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. on incoming contaminated carcasses during processing to the final products. The results of this study showed that identical clones of this pathogen, which had previously been found within the flocks during primary production, were also detected at individual stages of processing, including final products, which were packed and ready for sale. Most of the detected clones dominated during primary production and at slaughter. This study found PFGE to be suitable for examining epidemiological field data in the same region and time contexts. The discriminatory power of SmaI restriction enzyme digestion was sufficient. Relationships of the isolated Campylobacter strains could be confirmed by use of a second restriction enzyme, KpnI.

scholarly journals Evidence that Certain Clones ofCampylobacter jejuni Persist during Successive Broiler Flock Rotations

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2739-2745 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Petersen ◽  
A. Wedderkopp
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Broiler Flock ◽  
Ofcampylobacter Jejuni

ABSTRACT Through the national surveillance program forCampylobacter spp., nine broiler chicken farms that were infected with Campylobacter jejuni in at least five rotations in 1998 were identified. One additional farm, located at the island of Bornholm where divided slaughter is used extensively, was also selected. Twelve broiler houses located on 10 farms were included in the study. The C. jejuni isolates collected from the selected houses during the surveillance were typed usingfla typing and macrorestriction profiling (MRP), and a subset of the isolates, representing each of the identified clones, was serotyped according to the Penner scheme. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing using SmaI andKpnI revealed that the majority of houses (11 of 12) carried identical isolates in two or more broiler flocks. Such persistent clones were found in 63% of all flocks (47 of 75). The majority of persistent clones (7 of 13) had fla type 1/1, but MRPs distinguished between isolates from different houses, andfla type 1/1 clones belonged to different serotypes. Seven houses carried persistent clones that covered an interval of at least four broiler flock rotations, or at least one half year. The dominant fla type (1/1) was represented by 44% of isolates, or by at least one isolate from 31 of 62 broiler flocks. This significantly exceeded the prevalence of fla type 1/1C. jejuni isolates that we have estimated from other studies and suggests that isolates carrying this flatype are overrepresented in flocks with recurrentCampylobacter problems. The MRPs of clones belonging tofla type 1/1 serotype O:2 isolated from persistently infected flocks shared a high percentage of bands compared to the remaining isolates, indicating that some clones that have the ability to cause persistent infections in broiler farms are highly related to each other.

scholarly journals Enumeration of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in Environmental Farm Samples and Processing Plant Carcass Rinses from Commercial Broiler Chicken Flocks

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 4106-4114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy D. Berghaus ◽  
Stephan G. Thayer ◽  
Bibiana F. Law ◽  
Rita M. Mild ◽  
Charles L. Hofacre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

ABSTRACTA prospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the prevalences and loads ofSalmonellaandCampylobacterspp. in farm and processing plant samples collected from 55 commercial broiler chicken flocks. Environmental samples were collected from broiler houses within 48 h before slaughter, and carcass rinses were performed on birds from the same flocks at 4 different stages of processing.Salmonellawas detected in farm samples of 50 (90.9%) flocks and in processing samples of 52 (94.5%) flocks.Campylobacterwas detected in farm samples of 35 (63.6%) flocks and in processing samples of 48 (87.3%) flocks. There was a significant positive relationship between environmental farm samples and processing plant carcass rinses with respect to bothSalmonellaandCampylobacterprevalences and loads.Campylobacterloads were significantly higher thanSalmonellaloads, and the correlations between samples collected from the same flocks were higher forCampylobacterthan they were forSalmonella. Boot socks were the most sensitive sample type for detection ofSalmonellaon the farm, whereas litter samples had the strongest association withSalmonellaloads in pre- and postchill carcass rinses. Boot socks, drag swabs, and fecal samples all had similar sensitivities for detectingCampylobacteron the farm, and all were more strongly associated withCampylobacterloads in carcass rinses than were litter samples. Farm samples explained a greater proportion of the variability in carcass rinse prevalences and loads forCampylobacterthan they did forSalmonella. SalmonellaandCampylobacterprevalences and loads both decreased significantly as birds progressed through the processing plant.

scholarly journals Emergence of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Producing CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in Austria

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Eisner ◽  
Elizabeth J. Fagan ◽  
Gebhard Feierl ◽  
Harald H. Kessler ◽  
Egon Marth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Epidemiological Link ◽  
Esbl Producers

ABSTRACT Among 149 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected from patients in southeast Austria from 1998 to 2004, 38 Escherichia coli isolates and 11 Klebsiella spp. were CTX-M producers. The proportion of CTX-M-producers among all ESBL producers rose from 0% in 1998 to 58% in 2004. In general, CTX-M-producers had heterogeneous pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, but one E. coli isolate was identical to a United Kingdom epidemic CTX-M-15-producing strain, although no epidemiological link with the United Kingdom was apparent.

scholarly journals DNA analysis of the thermophilic Campylobacter by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Motoo Matsuda ◽  
Kazumasa Matsumoto ◽  
Choji Kaneuchi ◽  
Toshio Masaoka ◽  
Fumiaki Akahori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter

Efficacy of Mini VIDAS for the Detection of Campylobacter spp. from Retail Broiler Meat Enriched in Bolton Broth, with or without the Supplementation of Blood

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2428-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIN LIU ◽  
SYEDA K. HUSSAIN ◽  
ROBERT S. MILLER ◽  
OMAR A. OYARZABAL
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Automated Immunoassay ◽  
Campylobacter Spp ◽  
Pfge Profiles

The goals of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of the mini VIDAS automated immunoassay chemistry system to detect Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat enriched in Bolton broth supplemented with lysed blood (B+B) or without blood (B–B), and to detect positive samples at 24 versus 48 h after enrichment. Retail broiler meat was enriched and tested for Campylobacter spp. with the mini VIDAS and with an agar plate. Isolates were speciated with a multiplex PCR and typed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to evaluate relatedness of isolates collected from subsamples enriched in B+B or B–B. The number of Campylobacter-positive samples by mini VIDAS was similar (P > 0.05) to the results found with traditional plating media for naturally contaminated broiler meat, regardless of whether the comparison was made between B+B and B–B, or among different meat products (breast, tenders, and thighs). More positive samples were found at 48 h of enrichment than at 24 h of enrichment (P < 0.05). A Campylobacter jejuni:Campylobacter coli ratio of 4:1 was found in this study. Most of the isolates from both subsamples (B+B and B–B) were similar or identical by PFGE analysis, except for a few samples in which the PFGE profiles of the isolates from the subsamples were different. Mini VIDAS allowed for the detection of Campylobacter spp. within 48 h after enrichment. However, the sensitivity is similar to plate media, and retail broiler samples need to be enriched for 48 h to avoid false negatives.

scholarly journals Pulsed-field profile diversities of Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Infantis, and S. Corvallis in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Murakami ◽  
Tamie Noda ◽  
Daisuke Onozuka ◽  
Hirokazu Kimura ◽  
Shuji Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Field Profile ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Layer Chicken ◽  
Clonal Lines

The diversity of pulsed-field profiles (PFPs) within non-typhoidal Salmonella subtypes influences epidemiological analyses of Salmonella outbreaks. Therefore, determining the PFP diversity of each Salmonella serovar is important when evaluating current circulating strains. This study examined the PFP diversity of three important public health Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars, S. Enteritidis (n=177), S. Infantis (n=205), and S. Corvallis (n=90), using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Isolates were collected from several sources, primarily from chicken-derived samples, in the Kyushu-Okinawa region of Japan between 1989 and 2005. S. Enteritidis isolates displayed 51 distinct PFPs (E-PFPs), with 92 (52.0%) and 32 (18.1%) isolates displaying types EPFP1 and E-PFP10, respectively. The 205 S. Infantis isolates showed 54 distinct PFPs (I-PFPs), with 87 (42.4%) and 36 (17.6%) isolates being I-PFP4 and I-PFP2, respectively. I-PFP18 was the dominant I-PFP of layer chicken isolates across a 5-year period. Fourteen distinct S. Corvallis PFPs were detected. Simpson’s index results for the genetic diversities of S. Enteritidis, S. Infantis, and S. Corvallis isolates were 0.70, 0.79, and 0.78, respectively. None of the EPFPs or I-PFPs of layer chicken isolates overlapped with those of broiler chicken isolates, and the dominant clonal lines existed for >10 years. In conclusion, limited PFP diversities were detected amongst S. Enteritidis, S. Infantis, and S. Corvallis isolates of primarily chicken-derived origins in the Kyushu-Okinawa region of Japan. Therefore, it is important to take into account these limitations in PFP diversities in epidemiological analyses of Salmonella outbreaks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document