Prevalence of Salmonella on Raw Poultry at Retail Markets in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1724-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAOWEI YANG ◽  
MEILI XI ◽  
XIN WANG ◽  
SHENGHUI CUI ◽  
TIANLI YUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
Raw Poultry

Data regarding Salmonella on raw poultry are very limited in China. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella on raw poultry at the retail level in six provinces and two national cities in China. Whole chicken carcasses (n = 1,152) were collected from three types of retail markets (large, small, and wet). All samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella by using the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service method. Of 1,152 chicken samples, overall Salmonella prevalence was 52.2%. The highest prevalence was observed in Guangxi Province (65.3%), next in Guangdong Province (64.6%), and then in Beijing (63.9%), Shaanxi Province (50.7%), Henan Province (47.9%), Shanghai (44.4%), and Fujian Province (42.4%), and lowest prevalence was observed in Sichuan Province (38.9%). Salmonella prevalence was significantly different among the six provinces and two national cities. Salmonella prevalence was highest in the wet markets (54.4%) compared with the large markets (50.3%) and the small markets (52.1%), but differences were not significant (P > 0.05). Good manufacturing practices, good agricultural practices, and hazard analysis critical control point systems for Salmonella control in poultry production at the farm, processing, and retail level should be implemented.

Occurrence of Salmonella in Ready-to-Eat Meat and Poultry Product Samples from U.S. Department of Agriculture–Regulated Producing Establishments. I. Results from the ALLRTE and RTE001 Random and Risk-Based Sampling Projects, from 2005 to 2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1729-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN W. MAMBER ◽  
TIM MOHR ◽  
CARRIE LEATHERS ◽  
EVELYNE MBANDI ◽  
PHIL BRONSTEIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Inspection Service

ABSTRACT Ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and poultry product samples collected from RTE-producing establishments for the ALLRTE (random) and RTE001 (risk-based) sampling projects of the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) were tested for both Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. The FSIS analyzed Salmonella results for RTE meat and poultry product samples collected for the two sampling projects from 2005 to 2012. Data for 24,385 ALLRTE samples collected from 3,023 establishments and 66,653 RTE001 samples collected from 2,784 establishments were evaluated for the percentages of Salmonella-positive samples, product types of positive samples, and Salmonella serotypes. There also were descriptive summaries with respect to establishment hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) size, production volumes, L. monocytogenes control alternatives, geographic location, and season or month of sample collection. Results showed low occurrences of Salmonella-positive samples from the ALLRTE and RTE001 sampling projects, with 14 positive samples (0.06%) for ALLRTE and 33 positive samples (0.05%) for RTE001. Percentages of establishments with at least one Salmonella-positive sample averaged 0.46% for ALLRTE and 1.11% for RTE001. Three product types—sausage products, pork barbecue, and head cheese—accounted for 62% of all positive samples. There were 27 distinct serotypes from 48 Salmonella isolates, with serotypes Infantis and Typhimurium being the most common (5 isolates each). All but one of the Salmonella-positive samples were obtained from establishments with HACCP sizes of small or very small. More than half of the positive samples were obtained from establishments using L. monocytogenes control alternative 3 (sanitation only, highest-risk category). Positive Salmonella samples were found in all geographic regions at all times of the year. Information obtained from these sampling projects is relevant to the prevention of foodborne Salmonella illnesses from RTE meat and poultry products.

scholarly journals Carriage and Gene Content Variability of the pESI-Like Plasmid Associated with Salmonella Infantis Recently Established in United States Poultry Production

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1516
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. McMillan ◽  
Jamie L. Wasilenko ◽  
Kaitlin A. Tagg ◽  
Jessica C. Chen ◽  
Mustafa Simmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
The U.S

Salmonella Infantis carrying extended spectrum β-lactamase blaCTX-M-65 on a pESI-like megaplasmid has recently emerged in United States poultry. In order to determine the carriage rate and gene content variability of this plasmid in U.S. Salmonella Infantis, whole genome sequences of Salmonella isolates from humans and animals in the U.S. and internationally containing the pESI-like plasmid were analyzed. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) identified 654 product sampling isolates containing pESI-like plasmids through hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) verification testing in 2017 and 2018. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified 55 isolates with pESI-like plasmids in 2016–2018 through the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Approximately 49% of pESI-like plasmids from FSIS verification isolates and 71% from CDC NARMS contained blaCTX-M-65. Pan-plasmid genome analysis was also performed. All plasmids contained traN and more than 95% contained 172 other conserved genes; 61% contained blaCTX-M-65. In a hierarchical clustering analysis, some plasmids from U.S. animal sources clustered together and some plasmids from South America clustered together, possibly indicating multiple plasmid lineages. However, most plasmids contained similar genes regardless of origin. Carriage of the pESI-like plasmid in U.S. appears to be limited to Salmonella Infantis and carriage rates increased from 2017 to 2018.

Prevalence of Salmonella on Chicken Carcasses from Retail Markets in Vietnam

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1851-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEN T. TA ◽  
TRUNG THANH NGUYEN ◽  
PHUONG BICH TO ◽  
DA XUAN PHAM ◽  
HAO THI HONG LE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Ambient Storage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
Wet Market ◽  
Raw Poultry

This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella on chicken carcasses collected from six regions in Vietnam. A total of 1,000 whole, dressed chicken carcasses were collected from five cities and seven provinces across the six regions in Vietnam. Of these, 900 samples were collected from wet markets and 100 from supermarkets. All samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella according to a method recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service. The overall Salmonella prevalence was 45.9%. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in Salmonella prevalence by (i) location (Ha Noi city, 51.1%; Hai Phong city, 45.6%; Da Nang and Can Tho cities, 45.5%; Bac Ninh province and Ho Chi Minh city, 44.7%; Dong Nai province, 44.6%; Ha Tinh province, 44.4%; Phu Tho province, 43.8%; Lao Cai province, 43.5%; Kien Giang province, 41.9%; and Lam Dong province, 40.9%), (ii) market type (wet market, 46.2%; supermarket samples, 43.0%), and (iii) storage temperature at retail (ambient storage, 46.4%; chilled storage, 45.1%). Hence, Salmonella presence on poultry meat in Vietnam was not associated with a specific city or province, market type, or storage temperature at retail. Strategies to reduce Salmonella levels on raw poultry in Vietnam should be undertaken to improve the safety of poultry products and reduce the incidence of human salmonellosis from poultry consumption.

Role of Microbiological Guidelines in the Production and Commercial Use of Milled Cereal Grains: A Practical Approach for the 21st Century

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM H. SPERBER ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Point System ◽  
Critical Control Point

A contemporary survey of the microbiological profile of five milled cereal grains—wheat, corn, oats, whole wheat, and durum—was conducted largely from 2003 to 2005, with routine laboratory data obtained by North American dry-milling operations. When compared to data reported in the previous century, the contemporary data showed similar or reduced quantitative counts for indicator tests (e.g., total aerobes, yeasts, molds, coliforms, and Escherichia coli) as well as a substantially lower incidence of salmonellae. The implementation of modern management systems for the control of food quality and safety, i.e., good agricultural practices, good manufacturing practices, and the hazard analysis critical control point system, together with the excellent microbiological profiles, has eliminated the need for microbiological specifications and lot acceptance criteria for milled cereal grains. Instead, microbiological monitoring guidelines, such as the periodic testing of aerobic plate counts and mold counts, can be used to verify compliance with the requirements of food quality and food safety management systems.

scholarly journals Changes in Salmonella Contamination in Meat and Poultry Since the Introduction of the Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Rule

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1707-1717
Author(s):  
MICHAEL S. WILLIAMS ◽  
ERIC D. EBEL ◽  
GURINDER SAINI ◽  
EPIPHANIE NYIRABAHIZI
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Pathogen Reduction ◽  
Inspection Service

ABSTRACT In 1996, the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) published its pathogen reduction and hazard analysis and critical control point (PR-HACCP) rule. The intention of this program was to reduce microbial contamination on meat, poultry, and egg products. The program was implemented in stages between January 1998 and January 2000, with sampling for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and/or Salmonella in large production establishments beginning in 1998. As the PR-HACCP program begins its third decade, it is reasonable to question whether there have been reductions in the frequency of pathogen-contaminated meat and poultry products reaching consumers. This study summarizes the results for over 650,000 samples collected by FSIS between 2000 and 2018 in slaughter and processing establishments across the United States and compares these results to the roughly 100,000 retail samples collected by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration between 2002 and 2017. The data demonstrate that there has been an overall reduction in the occurrence of Salmonella on meat and poultry products, but the direction and magnitude of change has not been consistent over time or across commodities. Although the available data do not support the identification of causal factors for the observed changes, a historical review of the timing of various factors and policy decisions generates potential hypotheses for the observed changes. HIGHLIGHTS

Nationwide Microbiological Baseline Data Collected by Sponge Sampling during 1997 and 1998 for Cattle, Swine, Turkeys, and Geese†

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1848-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. EBLEN ◽  
P. LEVINE ◽  
B. E. ROSE ◽  
P. SAINI ◽  
R. MAGEAU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Poultry Data ◽  
Inspection Service

During 1997 and 1998, the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service completed nationwide microbiological baseline studies on four separate categories of livestock and poultry. Data were collected by sponge-sampling techniques. These studies were designed to provide nationwide estimates of the prevalence of Salmonella and prevalence and concentrations of Escherichia coli in cattle (n = 1,881), swine (n = 2,127), turkeys (n = 1,396), and geese (n = 102) in establishments under federal inspection. Salmonella prevalence ranged from 1.2% in cattle to 6.9% in swine, 13.7% in geese, and 19.6% in turkeys. The prevalence of E. coli was 16.6% in cattle (geometric mean = 0.26 CFU/cm2), 44.1% in swine (mean = 0.78 CFU/cm2), 92.7% in turkey (mean = 2.46 CFU/cm2), and 96.5% in geese (mean = 1.97 CFU/cm2). These values are similar to or somewhat lower than previous baseline values obtained for steers and heifers, cows and bulls, market hogs, and young turkeys. This study is the first in which nationwide microbiological baseline data have been compiled for geese. These data will be useful to individuals working with hazard analysis critical control point plans and risk assessment and to the research and academic communities.

Validation of a 5-Log10 Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes following Simulated Commercial Processing of Lebanon Bologna in a Model System

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAVEEN CHIKTHIMMAH ◽  
ROBERT B. GUYER ◽  
STEPHEN J. KNABEL
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Model System ◽  
Product Recalls ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Commercial Process ◽  
Inspection Service

Recently, numerous product recalls and one devastating outbreak that claimed 21 lives were attributed to Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat products. Consequently, the Food Safety and Inspection Service published a federal register notice requiring manufacturers of ready-to-eat meat and poultry products to reassess their hazard analysis and critical control point plans for these products as specified in 9 CFR 417.4(a). Lebanon bologna is a moist, fermented ready-to-eat sausage. Because of undesirable quality changes, Lebanon bologna is often not processed above 48.9°C (120°F). Therefore, the present research was conducted to validate the destruction of L. monocytogenes in Lebanon bologna batter in a model system. During production, fermentation of Lebanon bologna to pH 4.7 alone significantly reduced L. monocytogenes by 2.3 log10 CFU/g of the sausage mix (P < 0.01). Heating the fermented mix to 48.9°C in 10.5 h destroyed at least 7.0 log10 CFU of L. monocytogenes per g of sausage mix. A combination of low pH (5.0 or lower) and high heating temperatures (≥43.3°C, 115°F) destroyed more than 5 log10 CFU of L. monocytogenes per g of sausage mix during the processing of Lebanon bologna. In conclusion, an existing commercial process, which was validated for destruction of Escherichia coli O157:H7, was also effective for the destruction of more than 5 log10 CFU of L. monocytogenes.

U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service Testing for Salmonella in Selected Raw Meat and Poultry Products in the United States, 1998 through 2003: An Establishment-Level Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2600-2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENISE R. EBLEN ◽  
KRISTINA E. BARLOW ◽  
ALECIA LAREW NAUGLE
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Inspection Service

The U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) pathogen reduction–hazard analysis critical control point systems final rule, published in 1996, established Salmonella performance standards for broiler chicken, cow and bull, market hog, and steer and heifer carcasses and for ground beef, chicken, and turkey meat. In 1998, the FSIS began testing to verify that establishments are meeting performance standards. Samples are collected in sets in which the number of samples is defined but varies according to product class. A sample set fails when the number of positive Salmonella samples exceeds the maximum number of positive samples allowed under the performance standard. Salmonella sample sets collected at 1,584 establishments from 1998 through 2003 were examined to identify factors associated with failure of one or more sets. Overall, 1,282 (80.9%) of establishments never had failed sets. In establishments that did experience set failure(s), generally the failed sets were collected early in the establishment testing history, with the exception of broiler establishments where failure(s) occurred both early and late in the course of testing. Small establishments were more likely to have experienced a set failure than were large or very small establishments, and broiler establishments were more likely to have failed than were ground beef, market hog, or steer-heifer establishments. Agency response to failed Salmonella sample sets in the form of in-depth verification reviews and related establishment-initiated corrective actions have likely contributed to declines in the number of establishments that failed sets. A focus on food safety measures in small establishments and broiler processing establishments should further reduce the number of sample sets that fail to meet the Salmonella performance standard.

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