Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Meat Pies from Retail Sale in England 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIM McLAUCHLIN ◽  
HEATHER AIRD ◽  
ANDRE CHARLETT ◽  
NICOLA ELVISS ◽  
ANDREW FOX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

ABSTRACT Outbreaks of foodborne illness caused by Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes in England associated with meat pie consumption were detected in 2012. To obtain baseline data for pies unrelated to outbreaks, 862 samples of ready-to-eat meat pies were collected at retail or from catering facilities in England in 2013 and examined to enumerate food-poisoning bacteria and indicator organisms using Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods for Listeria spp. including L. monocytogenes (ISO 11290), Clostridium perfringens (ISO 21528), coagulase-positive staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus (ISO 6888), Bacillus spp. including B. cereus (ISO 1737), Escherichia coli (ISO 16649), Enterobacteriaceae (ISO 21528), and aerobic colony counts (ACCs; ISO 4833). Microbiological quality was satisfactory in 94% of samples, borderline in 5%, and unsatisfactory in 1%. The proportion of pies from markets that were borderline or unsatisfactory significantly increased, and the proportion of borderline or unsatisfactory pies from supermarkets significantly decreased. Among the refrigerated (0 to 15°C) pies, microbiological quality significantly decreased in pies stored at >8°C and further significantly decreased at in pies stored at ambient temperature (>15 to 25°C). Samples collected at 25 to 40°C had the highest proportion of borderline or unsatisfactory results, but results improved in pies stored at >40°C. The most common cause for borderline or unsatisfactory results was elevated ACCs (5% of all samples). Within the individual microbiological parameters, borderline or unsatisfactory results resulted from elevated Enterobacteriaceae or Bacillus levels (10 samples for each), C. perfringens levels (2 samples), and S. aureus or E. coli levels (1 sample each). L. monocytogenes was recovered from one pie at <10 CFU/g. A literature review revealed a range of microbiological hazards responsible for food poisoning and meat pie consumption, and surveillance data from 1992 to 2012 from England indicated that C. perfringens was the most commonly reported cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness.

scholarly journals An assessment of the microbiological quality of liver-based pâté in England 2012–13: comparison of samples collected at retail and from catering businesses

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 1545-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McLAUCHLIN ◽  
F. JØRGENSEN ◽  
H. AIRD ◽  
A. CHARLETT ◽  
N. ELVISS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to investigate the microbiological quality of liver pâté. During 2012–13, a total of 870 samples, unrelated to the investigation of food-poisoning outbreaks, were collected either at retail (46%), catering (53%) or the point of manufacture (1%) and were tested using standard methods to detect Salmonella spp. or Campylobacter spp., and to enumerate for Listeria spp., including Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, coagulase-positive staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., including Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and aerobic colony counts (ACCs). Seventy-three percent of samples were of satisfactory microbiological quality, 18% were borderline and 9% unsatisfactory. Salmonella spp. or Campylobacter spp. was not recovered from any sample. The most common causes of unsatisfactory results were elevated ACCs (6% of the samples) and high Enterobacteriaceae counts (4% of samples). The remaining unsatisfactory results were due to elevated counts of: E. coli (three samples); B. cereus (one sample at 2·6 × 105 cfu/g); or L. monocytogenes (one sample at 2·9 × 103 cfu/g). Pâté from retail was less likely to be contaminated with L. monocytogenes than samples collected from catering and samples from supermarkets were of significantly better microbiological quality than those from catering establishments.

Presence of Indicator Organisms and Recovery of Salmonella in Fish and Shellfish

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 679-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. D'AOUST ◽  
R. GELINAS ◽  
C. MAISHMENT
Keyword(s):  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

The efficacy of two methods for detection of Salmonella in 29 fish and 312 shellfish samples was evaluated, using replicate samples (100 g) of food homogenate. In method A, samples were preenriched 3 h in lactose broth, selectively enriched overnight in selenite cystine (35 C) and plated on brilliant green sulfa, xylose lysine desoxycholate and Hektoen enteric agar media. In method B, overnight nutrient broth cultures were enriched in tetrathionate brilliant green (43 C) and selenite cystine (35 C) broths and plated on brilliant green sulfa and bismuth sulfite agar media. Salmonella was recovered from seven (3%) shrimp samples of which six were detected by method B alone; the single positive sample detected by method A was negative by method B. Infected shrimp samples did not harbor coagulase-positive staphylococci, and aerobic plate counts ranged from 105 to 107 cells/g; two of the seven positive samples contained no detectable Escherichia coli. Our results suggest that short preenrichment incubation periods are not reliable and that tetrathionate brilliant green is superior to selenite cystine for effective recovery of Salmonella in shellfish. Coliforms are not reliable as an index of microbiological quality of fish and shellfish.

Male-Specific Coliphages as an Additional Fecal Contamination Indicator for Screening Fresh Carrots

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEEMA ENDLEY ◽  
LINGENG LU ◽  
EVERARDO VEGA ◽  
MICHAEL E. HUME ◽  
SURESH D. PILLAI
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Viral Indicators ◽  
Additional Level ◽  
Male Specific

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of male-specific (F+) coliphages as a fecal-contaminationindicator for fresh carrots. The prevalence of specific pathogens and indicator organisms on the surface of carrots obtained from a farm, truck, and processing shed was studied. Twenty-five carrot samples collected from each of these locations were washed, and aliquots of the wash were analyzed for the presence of F+ coliphages, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella. Additionally, the Salmonella isolates were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Our studies detected the presence of F+ coliphages, E. coli, and Salmonella on carrots. All samples, however, tested negative for Shigella. Although none of the carrot samples from the field were positive for E. coli, one sample was positive for Salmonella, and another was positive for F+ coliphages. From the truck, two carrot samples (8%) were positive for Salmonella, four (16%) were positive for F+ coliphages, and four (16%) were positive for E. coli. None of the carrot samples from the processing shed were positive for Salmonella. However, 2 carrot samples (8%) were positive for E. coli, and 14 carrot samples (56%) were positive for F+ coliphages. The PFGE results suggest that there were three distinct Salmonella genotypes among the carrot samples from the truck and that the Salmonella isolates identified on carrot samples from the field and truck locations were different. Microbiological screening of fresh produce such as carrots (which can be exposed to fecal contaminants in soils and water) should ensure the detection of both viral and bacterial contaminants. Overall, in this study, F+ coliphages were detected in 25% of the carrot samples, compared to E. coli (8%), Salmonella (4%), and Shigella (0%). The results suggest F+ coliphages can serve as a conservative indicator of fecally associated viruses on carrots. This suggests that in addition to E. coli screening, F+ coliphages should be included when produce such as carrots that are vulnerable to fecal contaminants are screened. Since the detection of specific enteric viral pathogens is expensive, screening for viral indicators of fecal contamination using F+ coliphages can be an economical approach to providing an additional level of assurance about the microbiological quality of fresh carrots.

A National Survey of the Microbiological Quality of Beef Carcasses and Frozen Boneless Beef in Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID PHILLIPS ◽  
DAVID JORDAN ◽  
STEPHEN MORRIS ◽  
IAN JENSON ◽  
JOHN SUMNER
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Third ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The third national baseline microbiological survey of Australian beef carcasses and frozen boneless beef was conducted in 2004. Carcasses (n = 1,155) sampled at 27 slaughter establishments had a mean aerobic plate count (at 25°C) of 1.3 log CFU/cm2. Escherichia coli was isolated from 8.0% of the carcasses, with a mean count of −0.8 log CFU/cm2 for positive samples. On samples from 24 boning (fabrication) plants (n = 1,082), the mean aerobic plate count for frozen boneless beef was 1.3 log CFU/g, and the mean count for the 1.8% of samples with detectable E. coli was 1.5 log CFU/g. E. coli O157: H7 was isolated from 1 of 1,143 carcasses and from 0 of 1,082 boneless samples. Salmonella was isolated from 0 of 1,155 carcasses and from 1 of 1,082 samples of boneless product. No Campylobacter spp. were isolated from carcasses or boneless beef. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were isolated from 28.7% of beef carcasses and 20.3% of boneless beef samples, and positive samples had a mean count of 0.3 log CFU/cm2 and 0.8 log CFU/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Statistical Analyses: Possible Reasons for Unreliability of Source Tracking Efforts

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 4690-4695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarivel Lasalde ◽  
Roberto Rodríguez ◽  
Gary A. Toranzos
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water

ABSTRACT Analyses for the presence of indicator organisms provide information on the microbiological quality of water. Indicator organisms recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for monitoring the microbiological quality of water include Escherichia coli, a thermotolerant coliform found in the feces of warm-blooded animals. These bacteria can also be isolated from environmental sources such as the recreational and pristine waters of tropical rain forests in the absence of fecal contamination. In the present study, E. coli isolates were compared to E. coli K12 (ATCC 29425) by restriction fragment length polymorphism using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Theoretically, genomic DNA patterns generated by PFGE are highly specific for the different isolates of an organism and can be used to identify variability between environmental and fecal isolates. Our results indicate a different band pattern for almost every one of the E. coli isolates analyzed. Cluster analysis did not show any relations between isolates and their source of origin. Only the discriminant function analysis grouped the samples with the source of origin. The discrepancy observed between the cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis relies on their mathematical basis. Our validation analyses indicate the presence of an artifact (i.e., grouping of environmental versus fecal samples as a product of the statistical analyses used and not as a result of separation in terms of source of origin) in the classification results; therefore, the large genetic heterogeneity observed in these E. coli populations makes the grouping of isolates by source rather difficult, if not impossible.

An Australian National Survey of the Microbiological Quality of Frozen Boneless Beef and Beef Primal Cuts

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1862-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID PHILLIPS ◽  
KATHRYN BRIDGER ◽  
IAN JENSON ◽  
JOHN SUMNER
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

The fourth national baseline microbiological survey of Australian beef was conducted in 2011, including frozen boneless beef and, for the first time, samples from selected beef primal cuts. Cartons of frozen boneless beef (n = 1,165) sampled at 29 boning (fabrication) plants were found to have a mean total viable count of 2.2 log CFU/g, and the mean count for the 2.1% of samples with detectable Escherichia coli was 1.3 log CFU/g. The mean total viable counts for striploins (longissimus dorsi, n = 572) and outsides (biceps femoris, n = 572) were 1.3 and 1.5 log CFU/cm2 respectively. E. coli isolates were obtained from 10.7 and 25.2% of striploins and outsides, respectively, with mean counts of −0.5 and −0.3 log CFU/cm2 on positive samples. E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Campylobacter were not isolated from any primal cut samples, and Salmonella was not isolated from any of the boneless product (E. coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter were not tested for). Listeria spp. were not detected in any of the boneless product, and one Listeria isolate was obtained on 1 (0.2%) of 572 striploin samples. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were isolated from 3.4% of boneless beef samples, 7.7% of beef striploins, and 8.4% of beef outsides, with positive samples having mean log counts of 1.9 CFU/g, 0.2 CFU/cm2, and 0.2 CFU/cm2, respectively.

scholarly journals Determination of staphylococcal enterotoxins in cheese by immunoenzyme assays

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1449-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Jankovic ◽  
Vesna Djordjevic ◽  
Brankica Lakicevic ◽  
Branka Borovic ◽  
B. Velebit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Official Gazette ◽  
Microbiological Criteria ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common foodborne diseases resulting from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) preformed in foods by enterotoxigenic strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), mainly Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of enterotoxigenic strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci in raw milk during the production process leads to the contamination of products and outbreaks of alimentary intoxication. The problem of Staphylococcus aureus in cheese remains significant on a global level. Domestic cheese contaminated with enterotoxigenic staphylococci can result in the formation of enterotoxin, which can produce foodborne illness when the product is ingested. Due to microbiological contamination, microbiological criteria are tools that can be used in assessing the safety and quality of foods. In order to avoid foodborne illness, the Serbian Regulation on General and Special Conditions for Food Hygiene (Official Gazette of RS, No. 72/10) provides microbiological criteria for staphylococcal enterotoxins in dairy products.

Microbiological Quality of Cooked Chicken: Results of Monitoring in England (2013 to 2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1989-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McLAUCHLIN ◽  
H. AIRD ◽  
A. CHARLETT ◽  
N. ELVISS ◽  
F. JØRGENSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
European Union ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

ABSTRACT Results from monitoring of the microbiological quality of 2,721 samples of ready-to-eat cooked chicken collected between 2013 to 2017 in England were reviewed: 70% of samples were from retail, catering, or manufacture and 30% were imported and collected at English ports. Samples were tested for a range of bacterial pathogens and indicator organisms. Six samples (<1%) had unsatisfactory levels of pathogens that were potentially injurious to health. Neither Salmonella nor Campylobacter were recovered from any samples. Two samples from catering settings contained either an unsatisfactory level of Bacillus cereus (5 × 106 CFU/g) or an unsatisfactory level of coagulase-positive staphylococci (1.6 × 104 CFU/g). Listeria monocytogenes was recovered from 36 samples (1 at manufacture, 26 at catering, and 9 at retail) and in 4 samples, unsatisfactory levels (≥102 CFU/g) were detected (3 samples collected at catering and 1 sample at retail). For L. monocytogenes, there were no significant differences between the rates of contamination for the samples collected from ports, manufacture, retail supermarkets, and other retailers (P = 0.288). There were no differences between the rates of contamination for other potential pathogens detected between samples from different settings. The prevalence of hygiene indicators (Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and aerobic colony counts) at import was significantly lower than in samples collected from manufacturers, retail, or catering (P < 0.01). Samples collected from catering gave poorer results than those from all other settings. Regardless of the stage in the food chain, samples from Thailand and from other non–European Union countries were of significantly better microbiological quality with respect to indicator organisms than those from the United Kingdom or from other European Union countries (P = <0.001). HIGHLIGHTS

The Microbiological Quality of Cooked Rice from Restaurants and Take-Away Premises in the United Kingdom

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. NICHOLS ◽  
C. L. LITTLE ◽  
V. MITHANI ◽  
J. de LOUVOIS
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
The Uk

The microbiological quality of 4,162 samples of cooked rice from restaurants and take-away premises in the United Kingdom was examined, including ready-to-eat rice purchased at point-of-sale and rice that was stored precooked for reheating on demand. The majority of point-of-sale cooked rice samples (1,855 of 1,972; 94%) were of acceptable microbiological quality, but 15 (1%) samples were of unacceptable quality (Bacillus spp. and B. cereus, ≥105 CFU/g; Escherichia coli, ≥104 CFU/g), indicating a potential risk to health. The prevalence of Bacillus spp., B. cereus, and E. coli was significantly greater in precooked stored rice than in point-of-sale cooked rice (P < 0.005 to 0.0005). Bacillus spp. (≥104 CFU/g), B. cereus (≥104 CFU/g), and E. coli (≥102 CFU/g) were present in 7%, 2%, and 9% of precooked stored samples, respectively, compared to 2%, 0.5%, and 1%, respectively in point-of-sale samples. Although final heating at the point of sale reduces the levels of microorganisms present in rice it will not inactivate the B. cereus emetic toxin if present. Rice from Indian premises was of poorer microbiological quality than that from Chinese and other premises. Although most point-of-sale cooked rice samples (94%) were of an acceptable microbiological quality, evidence from this study indicates that the microbiological quality of cooked rice sold from certain outlets in the UK is of concern.

scholarly journals KUALITAS JAJANAN ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR SECARA MIKROBIOLOGI DI KECAMATAN KOTO TANGAH PADANG SUMATERA BARAT

Biomedika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmawita Rahmawita ◽  
Dwi Hilda Putri ◽  
Linda Advinda
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
School Canteen ◽  
Nutritional Needs

ABSTRAKPangan jajanan merupakan sarana bagi anak-anak dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan kecukupan gizi, tetapi juga berisiko menimbulkan keracunan jika tidak higienis. Menurut Undang–Undang RI nomor 18 tahun 2012 tentang pangan menyatakan bahwa keamanan pangan adalah usaha mencegah pangan dari kontaminasi biologis, kimia dan fisik. Laporan kasus kejadian luar biasa (KLB) yang dikeluarkan oleh BPOM tahun 2016 menyatakan bahwa 16,35% keracunan makanan di Indonesia berasal dari pangan jajanan di sekolah dan sebanyak 42,14%  berasal dari jajanan yang dibuat dari pangan rumah tangga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk menguji kualitas  jajanan anak sekolah dasar secara mikrobiologi di Kecamatan Koto Tangah Padang. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif untuk mengidentifikasi mikroba patogen dalam jajanan yang di jual pada 19 Kantin Sekolah Dasar pada bulan Maret hingga April 2018. Total sampel yang dapat disampling sebanyak 49 sampel. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pagi hari hingga menjelang jam istirahat siang. Sampel yang disampling dari kantin dibagi dalam tiga bentuk yaitu jajanan kering, jajanan basah dan minuman yang diberi es batu. Hasil penelitian dengan ditemukannya S.aureus pengkontaminasi pada 1 sampel (2,04%) dari jajanan kering dan E. coli sebanyak 3 sampel (6,12%) dari minuman yang diberi es batu, dan bakteri jenis lain sebanyak  91.82 %.Kata kunci:  Kualitas Mikrobiologi, Jajanan Anak Sekolah, Mikroba Patogen Pengkontaminan. ABSTRACTSchool Children Food (SCF) played an important role in providing nutrient intake of children nutritional  needs, in the other hand, it may has a risk of poisioning if unhygienic. According to the Law of Republic Indonesia number 18 of 2012 on food states that food security is an attempt to prevent food from biological, chemical and physical contamination. Report on Outbreaks issued by BPOM in 2016 states that 16.35% of food poisoning in Indonesia caused by contaminated SCF, and as much as 42.14% caused by contaminated of household SCF. The aim of this study is to test the microbiological quality of Elementay SCF in Sub-district Koto Tangah Padang. This descriptive research would like to identify pathogenic microbial in SCF which sold at 19 elementary school canteen during periode of time March to April 2018. The total samples are 49. Time of sampling conducted from morning until right before lunchtime. The samples categorized into three forms which are dried, wet and ice-cubed drinks. The result showed that one sample (2.04%) of dried SCF was contaminated by S. aureus, three samples (6.12%) of Iced-cube drinks was contaminated by E.coli and the rest (91.82%) was contaminated by other bacteria. Keyword: Microbiological Quality, School Children Food, Pathogenic Bacteria.

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