Gendered employment tracks: 'part-time' versus 'life-time'

2012 ◽  
pp. 9-33
Author(s):  
María Emilia Casas Bahamonde

<p>Los aspectos cuantitativos, pero sobre todos cualitativos, del tiempo de trabajo, de su ordenación y distribución, constituyen uno de los grandes ejes de las formas de organización flexible del trabajo, favorecidas por la digitalización. La flexibilidad del tiempo de trabajo es una poderosa línea de transformación del ordenamiento laboral, que satisface los requerimientos organizativos y productivos de los empresarios, y también las necesidades de conciliación de la vida personal, familiar y laboral de los trabajadores. Sin embargo, las medidas de flexibilidad del tiempo de trabajo para atender a las necesidades empresariales (distribución irregular de la jornada y contrato de trabajo a tiempo parcial, que en su regulación vigente tiene una alta tasa de forzosidad y feminización y no es fórmula dirigida a satisfacer las necesidades de conciliación de los trabajadores) son amplias, efectivas y eficaces, no siendo esa la lógica a la que responde la flexibilización del tiempo de trabajo para conciliarlo con el tiempo de vida de los trabajadores. Condicionados a la negociación colectiva y problemáticos en su disfrute en la práctica, los derechos de conciliación de los trabajadores se han reconducido por la regulación legal española virtualmente a la reducción de la jornada, con la correspondiente reducción retributiva, sin apenas explorar fórmulas de flexibilidad en la disposición del tiempo de trabajo, ni de racionalización de los horarios, con un importante impacto adverso de género causante de nuevas discriminaciones de las mujeres en el trabajo, en la vida familiar y social.</p><p>he quantitative aspects, but above all qualitative ones, of working time, of its organization and distribution, constitute one of the main axes of the forms of flexible organization of work, favored by digitalization. The flexibility of working time is a powerful line of transformation of the labor order, which satisfies the organizational and productive requirements of employers, and also the needs of reconciliation of personal, family and work life of workers. However, measures of flexibility of working time to meet business needs (irregular distribution of the working day and part-time work contract, which in its current regulation has a high rate of forced and feminization and is not a formula aimed at satisfy the needs of workers 'conciliation) are broad, effective and effective, this not being the logic to which the flexibilization of working time responds in order to reconcile it with the workers' lifespan. Conditional to collective bargaining and problematic in their enjoyment in practice, workers' conciliation rights have been redirected by Spanish legal regulation to virtually the reduction of the working day, with the corresponding reduction in remuneration, without hardly exploring formulas of flexibility in the provision of working time, or the rationalization of schedules, with a significant adverse impact of gender causing new discriminations of women at work, in family and social life.</p>


Author(s):  
T. Koshikawa ◽  
Y. Fujii ◽  
E. Sugata ◽  
F. Kanematsu

The Cu-Be alloys are widely used as the electron multiplier dynodes after the adequate activation process. But the structures and compositions of the elements on the activated surfaces were not studied clearly. The Cu-Be alloys are heated in the oxygen atmosphere in the usual activation techniques. The activation conditions, e.g. temperature and O2 pressure, affect strongly the secondary electron yield and life time of dynodes.In the present paper, the activated Cu-Be dynode surfaces at each condition are investigated with Scanning Auger Microanalyzer (SAM) (primary beam diameter: 3μmϕ) and SEM. The commercial Cu-Be(2%) alloys were polished with Cr2O3 powder, rinsed in the distilled water and set in the vacuum furnance.Two typical activation condition, i.e. activation temperature 730°C and 810°C in 5x10-3 Torr O2 pressure were chosen since the formation mechanism of the BeO film on the Cu-Be alloys was guessed to be very different at each temperature from the results of the secondary electron emission measurements.


1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
GL Powell ◽  
JE Barrett
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1552-1563
Author(s):  
Denise A. Tucker ◽  
Mary V. Compton ◽  
Sarah J. Allen ◽  
Robert Mayo ◽  
Celia Hooper ◽  
...  

Purpose The intended purpose of this research note is to share the findings of a needs assessment online survey of speech and hearing professionals practicing in North Carolina to explore their interest in pursuing a research-focused PhD in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) and to document their perceptions of barriers to pursing a PhD in CSD. In view of the well-documented shortage of doctor of philosophy (PhD) faculty to attract, retain, and mentor doctoral students to advance research and to prepare future speech and hearing professionals, CSD faculty must assess the needs, perceptions, and barriers prospective students encounter when considering pursuing a doctoral research degree in CSD. Method The article describes the results of a survey of 242 speech and hearing professionals to investigate their interest in obtaining an academic research-focused PhD in CSD and to solicit their perceived barriers to pursuing a research doctoral degree in CSD. Results Two thirds of the respondents (63.6%) reported that they had considered pursuing a PhD in CSD. Desire for knowledge, desire to teach, and work advancement were the top reasons given for pursuing a PhD in CSD. Eighty-two percent of respondents had no interest in traditional full-time study. Forty-two percent of respondents indicated that they would be interested in part-time and distance doctoral study. The barriers of time, distance, and money emerged as those most frequently identified barriers by respondents. Conclusion The implications inform higher education faculty on how they can best address the needs of an untapped pool of prospective doctoral students in CSD.


Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kinyanda ◽  
H. Hjelmeland ◽  
S. Musisi

Abstract. Negative life events associated with deliberate self-harm (DSH) were investigated in an African context in Uganda. Patients admitted at three general hospitals in Kampala, Uganda were interviewed using a Luganda version (predominant language in the study area) of the European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedule I. The results of the life events and histories module are reported in this paper. The categories of negative life events in childhood that were significantly associated with DSH included those related to parents, significant others, personal events, and the total negative life events load in childhood. For the later-life time period, the negative life events load in the partner category and the total negative life events in this time period were associated with DSH. In the last-year time period, the negative life events load related to personal events and the total number of negative life events in this time period were associated with DSH. A statistically significant difference between the cases and controls for the total number of negative life events reported over the entire lifetime of the respondents was also observed, which suggests a dose effect of negative life events on DSH. Gender differences were also observed among the cases. In conclusion, life events appear to be an important factor in DSH in this cultural environment. The implication of these results for treatment and the future development of suicide interventions in this country are discussed.


1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  

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