Public health and primary prevention Past and present opportunities and barriers

2012 ◽  
pp. 138-149
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Prevention

Strengthening of occupational health promotion by the German Prevention Health Care Act

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
Diana Hart
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Occupational Health Promotion ◽  
And Control

All countries are faced with the problem of the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCD): implement prevention strategies eff ectively, keep up the momentum with long term benefi ts at the individual and the population level, at the same time tackling hea lth inequalities. Th e aff ordability of therapy and care including innovative therapies is going to be one of the key public health priorities in the years to come. Germany has taken in the prevention and control of NCDs. Germany’s health system has a long history of guaranteeing access to high-quality treatment through universal health care coverage. Th r ough their membership people are entitled to prevention and care services maintaining and restoring their health as well as long term follow-up. Like in many other countries general life expectancy has been increasing steadily in Germany. Currently, the average life expectancy is 83 and 79 years in women and men, respectively. Th e other side of the coin is that population aging is strongly associated with a growing burden of disease from NCDs. Already over 70 percent of all deaths in Germany are caused by four disease entities: cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes. Th ese diseases all share four common risk factors: smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity and overweight. At the same time, more and more people become long term survivors of disease due to improved therapy and care. Th e German Government and public health decision makers are aware of the need for action and have responded by initiating and implementing a wide spectrum of activities. One instrument by strengthening primary prevention is the Prevention Health Care Act. Its overarching aim is to prevent NCDs before they can manifest themselves by strengthening primary prevention and health promotion in diff erent sett ings. One of the main emphasis of the Prevention Health Care Act is the occupational health promotion at the workplace.

scholarly journals Sustainable exposure prevention through innovative detection and remediation technologies from the NIEHS Superfund Research Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather F. Henry ◽  
William A. Suk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Toxicity Screening

Abstract Innovative devices and tools for exposure assessment and remediation play an integral role in preventing exposure to hazardous substances. New solutions for detecting and remediating organic, inorganic, and mixtures of contaminants can improve public health as a means of primary prevention. Using a public health prevention model, detection and remediation technologies contribute to primary prevention as tools to identify areas of high risk (e.g. contamination hotspots), to recognize hazards (bioassay tests), and to prevent exposure through contaminant cleanups. Primary prevention success is ultimately governed by the widespread acceptance of the prevention tool. And, in like fashion, detection and remediation technologies must convey technical and sustainability advantages to be adopted for use. Hence, sustainability – economic, environmental, and societal – drives innovation in detection and remediation technology. The National Institute of Health (NIH) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program (SRP) is mandated to advance innovative detection, remediation, and toxicity screening technology development through grants to universities and small businesses. SRP recognizes the importance of fast, accurate, robust, and advanced detection technologies that allow for portable real-time, on-site characterization, monitoring, and assessment of contaminant concentration and/or toxicity. Advances in non-targeted screening, biological-based assays, passive sampling devices (PSDs), sophisticated modeling approaches, and precision-based analytical tools are making it easier to quickly identify hazardous “hotspots” and, therefore, prevent exposures. Innovation in sustainable remediation uses a variety of approaches: in situ remediation; harnessing the natural catalytic properties of biological processes (such as bioremediation and phytotechnologies); and application of novel materials science (such as nanotechnology, advanced membranes, new carbon materials, and materials reuse). Collectively, the investment in new technologies shows promise to reduce the amount and toxicity of hazardous substances in the environment. This manuscript highlights SRP funded innovative devices and tools for exposure assessment and remediation of organic, inorganic, and mixtures of contaminants with a particular focus on sustainable technologies.

scholarly journals Depression: major problem for public health

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene S. Paykel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
Social Adversity ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Public Health Programmes ◽  
Health Programmes

AbstractThe aim of this Editorial is to discuss depression as an important disorder for public health. The literature regarding epidemiology, consequences, adequacy of service delivery and prevention of depression is reviewed. Depression is a common disorder with high lifetime rates, particularly in women, and those experiencing social adversity. It is a major cause of disability, and causes death both by suicide and due to raised rates of physical disorders. Many cases are undiagnosed and treatment is often inadequate. Primary prevention is not yet easily feasible but secondary prevention by earlier recognition, public and professional education, can produce benefits. There is a need for public health programmes aimed at improving recognition, treatment, and reducing consequences.

Reducing Shame, Promoting Dignity: A Model for the Primary Prevention of Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802097966
Author(s):  
Michael Salter ◽  
Heather Hall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Health Model ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) refers to the complex psychological and psychosocial sequelae caused by prolonged interpersonal abuse. Contemporary approaches to CPTSD are dominated by individualized psychological interventions that are long term and costly. However, accumulating evidence indicates that CPTSD is a high prevalence mental illness implicated in significant social problems, with a pattern of lateral and intergenerational transmission that impacts on already disadvantaged communities. Consequently, there have been calls for a public health model for the prevention of CPSTD; however, there has been a lack of clarity as to what this should entail. This article argues that empirical and conceptual shifts framing CPTSD as a shame disorder offers new preventative opportunities. The article presents a series of interconnected literature reviews including a review of available prevalence data on CPTSD, the public health implications of CPTSD, the role of shame and humiliation in CPTSD, and current scholarship on dignity in public policy and professional practice. Drawing on these reviews, this article develops a social ecological model of primary prevention to CPTSD with a focus on the reduction of shame and the promotion of dignity at the relational, community, institutional, and macrolevel. A broad overview of this model is provided with examples of preventative programs and interventions. While the epidemiology of CPTSD is still emerging, this article argues that this model provides the conceptual foundations necessary for the coordination of preventative interventions necessary to reduce to the risk and prevalence of CPSTD.

scholarly journals Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes: integrative public health and primary care opportunities, challenges and strategies

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. i13-i23 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Green ◽  
F. L. Brancati ◽  
A. Albright ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Challenges And Strategies

scholarly journals Conducting Infectious and Communicable Disease Education in Hospitality Organizations Viewpoint

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Brandon Howell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Bloodborne Pathogens ◽  
Hospitality Organizations ◽  
Management Techniques

Every day, employees in the lodging and hospitality industry are potentially exposed to bloodborne pathogens and other infectious diseases. Federally sponsored biosafety and infectious disease training sessions were conducted at two lodging sites in an effort to promote infectious disease primary prevention, as well as mitigation and management techniques in the hospitality industry in an effort to develop interdisciplinary connections between public health and hospitality. The trainings were positively received, but as this viewpoint reveals, further research, partnerships, and curriculum development is needed in this area in order for it to have long-term and impactful effects.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Michael R. Fraser ◽  
Jay C. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Local State ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Public Health Professionals

A public health guide to ending the opioid crisis is needed to help frame efforts to go “upstream” and address the root causes of substance use disorder and addiction. In this introduction, the editors provide an overview of the book’s three parts (Fundamentals and Frameworks; Connecting Clinical Perspectives and Public Health Practice; Moving Upstream—Prevention, Partnership, and Public Health). While a great deal of prior work has focused on the clinical aspects of the opioid epidemic, more is needed to address the community-level aspects, including addressing the root causes of addiction, and where public health professionals can intervene at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention. The case is made for increasing effort in the areas of primary prevention and policy change to support effective opioid stewardship at the local, state, and federal levels. The editors conclude by stating that communities will not “arrest” or “treat” their way out of this crisis. Instead, we have to redouble efforts to prevent addiction and address the clinical and community aspects of what drives an individual to become addicted in the first place.

Cardiovascular health among Philadelphia adolescents: analysis of youth risk behaviour data, 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare M. Lenhart ◽  
Janna Manjelievskaia ◽  
Andrea Echeverri ◽  
Freda Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Heart Health ◽  
Behaviour Data

AbstractImproving population-level cardiovascular health is a public health priority. Guided by the American Heart Association's metrics for ideal heart health, we examined the prevalence of behavioural heart health indicators using a representative sample of urban adolescents. Less than 1% (0.6%) of the sample had ideal heart health. The alarmingly low percentage of ideal behavioural heart health suggests that primary prevention approaches to address cardiovascular health in youth are warranted.

scholarly journals 21.H. Workshop: Incentivising vaccination uptake in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Effective Public Health

Abstract Vaccination is the main tool for primary prevention of disease and one of the most cost-effective public health measures available. Immunisation through vaccination is the best defence we have against serious, preventable, and sometimes deadly, contagious diseases. However, we have witnessed measles outbreaks in the last years that could have been avoided if vaccination rates had been sufficiently high. The vaccination rate against seasonal influenza for older people also remains much below the recommended level (75%) in most EU countries. We have also seen countries taking policy measures, such as introducing mandatory vaccination against certain childhood diseases (France, Italy, Germany), while other countries retain high vaccination rates without establishing such measures (e.g. Sweden, Denmark, Portugal). This session will bring together policy-makers at various levels (national, regional), experts and civil society (e.g. health care professional associations) to showcase recent policy initiatives, good practices and innovative collaborations aiming at increasing the vaccination rates for key vaccines and taking a life course approach. Key messages Vaccination is the main tool for primary prevention of disease and one of the most cost-effective public health measures available. Immunisation through vaccination is the best defense we have against serious, preventable, and sometimes deadly, contagious diseases.

scholarly journals The potential and current use of mHealth-based self-quantification tools for primary prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Nittas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Robust Evidence

Abstract The panellist Vasileios Nittas will discuss about the potential and current use of mHealth-based self-quantification tools for primary prevention; key barriers and facilitators; their ethical, structural and contextual implications - as well as their impact on developing robust, evidence-based digital (public) health policies.

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