Widening, deepening and broadening the EU: Past experiences and future prospects

From 1989, new plans to enlarge the EU caused growing public disenchantment with the future of European integration as a viable model of cooperation among states and peoples in Europe. To manage disenchantment, EU actors designed various policy tools and techniques in their approaches to European peripheries such as Turkey. Among these, they intensified and perfected processes of pedagogy where EU actors assume that they have unique knowledge of what it means to be 'European' and that they must teach accession candidates how to become true Europeans. Based on accounts of EU politicians and officials, past experiences of government officials from former EU candidate states and Turkish officials' encounters with the EU's accession pedagogy, this article explores the EU's enlargement policy as a pedagogical engagement and the responses it elicits among Turkish governmental representatives, in order to test the reconfigurations of power between Europe and the countries on its margins.

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Acoustic-seismic sensors: past experiences and future prospects

10.1117/12.581378 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gervasio Prado

Keyword(s):

Future Prospects ◽

Seismic Sensors ◽

Past Experiences

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Deadlock or new opening? Current state and prospects for development of Lithuanian-Belarusian relations

Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej ◽

10.36874/riesw.2021.3.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 121-141

Author(s):

Justyna Olędzka

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

Presidential Election ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Bilateral Relations ◽

Current State ◽

The Future ◽

Multi Level ◽

The Moment ◽

The Eu

The purpose of this article is to discuss the trajectory of Belarusian-Lithuanian relations with a particular focus on the period after the 2020 Belarusian presidential election, which resulted in a change in international relations in the region. This was the moment that redefined the Lithuanian-Belarusian relations, which until 2020 were satisfactory for both sides (especially in the economic aspect). However, Lithuania began to pursue a reactive policy of promoting the democratisation of Belarus and provided multi-level support to Belarusian opposition forces. The current problems in bilateral relations (e.g., the future of Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant located in Astravyets) have been put on the agenda for discussion at the EU level, while the instruments of a hybrid conflict in the form of an influx of immigrants into Lithuania, controlled by the Belarusian regime, have become a key issue for the future prospects of relations between Belarus and Lithuania.

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Vaccines for Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases: Towards Defining the Space of EU Public Health between Security Policy and a Transnational Market

European Journal of Risk Regulation ◽

10.1017/err.2017.63 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 686-699

Author(s):

Marco RIZZI

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Policy ◽

Security Policy ◽

Policy Debate ◽

Key Players ◽

Past Experiences ◽

Market Pressures ◽

Different Levels ◽

Epidemic Diseases ◽

The Eu

AbstractThe EU is continuously developing strategies, policies and regulations to confront pandemic and epidemic diseases. The actions of the EU in this field do not happen in a vacuum but are instead embedded in a complex international and transnational network. This article suggests the existence of a tension between public health policy and a twofold set of competing considerations: growing security concerns and market pressures. To structure the argument the article examines three distinct but related aspects: first, it clarifies the different levels of decision-making impacting on the EU’s policy and regulation of vaccines for PEDs: these levels are described as international, transnational and domestic, and the key players involved at each level are also identified; second, it analyses levels of responsiveness to and preparedness for outbreaks and analyses how past experiences have oriented the policy debate; third, it discusses issues of accountability of vaccine developers, authorising authorities and rule-makers involved in preparedness and response to emerging PEDs.

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The Scottish Conservatives and Europe: The Reluctant Brexit Party

Ruth Davidson's Conservatives: The Scottish Tory Party, 2011-19 ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474455626.003.0011 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 169-181

Author(s):

Anthony Salamone

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Conservative Party ◽

Political Context ◽

The European Union ◽

House Of Commons ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

As Scottish Conservative leader, Ruth Davidson was a prominent campaigner for a ‘Remain’ vote in the European Union referendum of June 2016. Following the 2017 general election, meanwhile, Davidson repositioned herself as someone who could – aided by 13 Scottish Tory MPs in the House of Commons – influence the Brexit negotiations and nudge the UK Conservative Party towards a ‘soft’ rather than ‘hard’ deal with the EU. This chapter considers the impact of Brexit on the Scottish Conservatives during the leadership of Ruth Davidson in four dimensions: Brexit’s distinct Scottish political context, its electoral consequences, the conduct of Brexit within the UK, and the Brexit negotiations themselves. It concludes with reflections on the future prospects for the Scottish party in light of all four dimensions.

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International Relations Theory and the Future of European Integration

International Studies Review ◽

10.1093/isr/viaa010 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Maher

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

European Integration ◽

World Politics ◽

Ir Theory ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Eu Member States ◽

The Future ◽

Future Direction ◽

Theoretical Paradigms ◽

The Eu

Abstract What are the prospects and likely future direction of European integration? Will it be marked by resilience and perhaps even deepening integration among European Union (EU) member states, or will it encounter further instability that could lead to fragmentation and disintegration? The answers to these questions are currently unknown but are important not just for the citizens and countries of the EU but for world politics more broadly. Scholars and other observers have advanced a range of arguments to answer these questions, many of which are derived from the three mainstream theoretical paradigms of contemporary International Relations (IR): realism, liberalism, and constructivism. These arguments reveal disagreement both within and across paradigms over the question of the EU's future. While it is commonly thought that realists are generally pessimistic and liberals and constructivists broadly optimistic regarding the EU's future prospects, it is possible to identify arguments derived from liberal IR theory that the EU faces possibly fatal challenges and realists who see powerful reasons for the EU to stick together, while there are constructivists who think it can go either way. There are thus six basic positions on the future of the EU derived from IR theory. This paper identifies and evaluates a broad range of causal forces that will affect the future of European integration. The paper concludes by discussing the enduring role and value of theory in the study of international relations.

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Section III. Prospects for Europe

National Institute Economic Review ◽

10.1177/002795019816600107 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 166 ◽

pp. 44-56

Author(s):

Nigel Pain ◽

Florence Hubert ◽

Dirk te Velde ◽

Dawn Holland ◽

Véronique Genre

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Financial Crisis ◽

European Commission ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Future Prospects ◽

The Global Financial Crisis ◽

The Eu

Economic growth in the EU area rose markedly last year. Output expanded by more than 3 per cent in over half of the member countries, although growth was notably slower in the larger economies. The outlook continued to improve in the first half of this year. Growth in the first quarter was particularly buoyant. Eurostat figures indicate that output in the EU was some 3.3 per cent higher in the first quarter of 1998 than a year earlier. Although output rose by only 0.2 per cent in the second quarter, this was partly due to statistical distortions arising from the different number of working days in the quarter. Italy is the sole economy where growth has proved to be weaker than initially expected. The global financial crisis and slowdown in worldwide demand is expected to dampen EU growth somewhat next year, and we continue to be less optimistic than the European Commission about future prospects. Growth in the EU economies is projected to slow from 2¾ per cent this year to around 2¼ per cent in 1999.

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