described, so the question becomes why business executives and other power-holders systematically avoid too much overt marking of their power.

2005 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Keyword(s):  
Business Executives

Beyond Bounded Rationality: CEO Reflective Capacity and Firm Sustainability Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Yingya Jia ◽  
Anne S. Tsui ◽  
Xiaoyu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
Dimensional Measure ◽  
Reflective Capacity ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms

ABSTRACT Optimal or rational decision making is not possible due to informational constraints and limits in computation capability of humans (March & Simon, 1958; March, 1978). This bounded rationality serves as a filtering process in decision making among business executives (Hambrick & Mason, 1984). In this study, we propose the concept of CEO reflective capacity as a behavior-oriented cognitive capability that may overcome to some extent the pervasive limitation of bounded rationality in executive decision-making. Following Hinkin's (1998) method and two executive samples, we developed and validated a three-dimensional measure of CEO reflective capacity. Based on two-wave surveys of CEOs and their executive-subordinates in 213 Chinese small-medium sized firms, we tested and confirmed three hypotheses on how CEO reflective capacity is related to a firm's sustainability performance (including economic, societal, and environmental dimensions) through the mediating mechanisms of strategic decision comprehensiveness and CEO behavioral complexity. We discuss the contribution of this study to the literature on the upper echelons and information processing perspectives. We also identify the implications for future research on strategic leadership and managerial cognition in complex and dynamic contexts.

scholarly journals Governing information technology (IT) investment: A contingency perspective on organization’s IT investment goals

2021 ◽  
pp. 031289622110095
Author(s):  
Syaiful Ali ◽  
Peter Green ◽  
Alastair Robb ◽  
Adi Masli
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Contingency Theory ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
It Investment ◽  
It Investments ◽  
Contingency Perspective ◽  
Uniform Approach ◽  
Business Executives

Using contingency theory, we argue that there is not a uniform approach for companies to govern information technology (IT) investments. Rather, the level of governance over IT investments is contingent upon the organization’s goals for its IT investments. We find that Australian organizations with both operation- and market-focused IT investment goals (i.e. dual-focused IT goals) demonstrate higher IT investment governance (ITIG) levels than those with less focused IT goals. We also document that dual-IT-focused firms that do not implement high levels of ITIG underperform. Our study informs business executives, boards of directors, and other practitioners interested in governance implementations over IT investments. JEL Classification: M1

scholarly journals “Going Out” and Going In-House: Chinese Multinationals’ Internal Legal Capacity in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Ji Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Legal Service ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
Service Market ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
Policy Debates

The “in-house counsel movement” of the past few decades, with its far-reaching implications for the legal profession, the legal service market, and corporate governance, has attracted a great deal of academic attention. Few scholars, however, have examined the global expansion of emerging market companies and their in-house legal capacity. To narrow the gap, this article investigates the in-house legal capacity of Chinese firms in the United States. In doing so, it focuses on two important yet underexplored questions: (1) whether and how institutions in China influence the capacity building; and (2) whether the Chinese investors’ ownership structure makes a difference in that regard. By analyzing a unique set of survey data and 122 interviews with lawyers, in-house counsel, and business executives, this article uncovers evidence of both multi-institutional influence and state-ownership effects. The findings contribute to theoretical and policy debates about the legal profession, the legal service market, and the ramifications of expanding Chinese multinational companies.

Marketing Information Systems and Management Information Systems: Education and Training

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Warren Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Management Information Systems ◽  
Computer Training ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Computer Education ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
Computer Information Systems ◽  
Marketing Information ◽  
And Training

Computer education and computer training is becoming more important as technology advances. Human resource specialists will be forced to make crucial decisions that will impact the total organization as more organizations use computer technology. Information is important to the organization. Business executives and managers need to be educated and continuously trained on computer information systems. The benefits from computer education and training outweigh its costs. This is evident by the increasing interest in education and training in business organizations. This article compares and discusses management information systems and marketing information systems and focuses upon the training that is needed for today's managers and executives. It is an attempt to review the major concerns of MKIS and MIS education and training.

Conference on the Role of Industrialisation in Developing Countries

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-442
Author(s):  
Ronald Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
United Nations ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations

At the fourth Cambridge conference on development problems, the role of industry was discussed by ministers, senior officials, economic advisers, and business executives, from 22 African, Asian, and Caribbean countries, the United Nations, and the World Bank. Have some, if not all, of Africa's new nations now reached the stage when it would pay them to put their biggest bets on quick industrialisation? Or must they go on putting most of their money and brains into bringing about an agricultural revolution first, before striving for industrial take-off? These questions started the conference off on one of its big themes.

scholarly journals QEPro: An ability measure of emotional intelligence for managers in a French cultural environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Haag ◽  
Lisa Bellinghausen ◽  
Mariya Jilinskaya-Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Incorrect Response ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Situational Judgment Tests ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Branch Model

AbstractManagers’ interest in the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has grown steadily due to an accumulation of published articles and books touting EI’s benefits. For over thirty years, many researchers have used or designed tools for measuring EI, most of which raise important psychometric, cultural and contextual issues. The aim of this article is to address some of the main limitations observed in previous studies of EI. By developing and validating QEPro we propose a new performance-based measure of EI based on a modified version of Mayer and Salovey’s (1997) four-branch model. QEPro is an ability EI measure specifically dedicated to managers and business executives in a French cultural environment (N = 1035 managers and executives). In order to increase both the ecological and the face validity of the test for the target population we used the Situational Judgment Tests framework and a theory-based item development and scoring approach. For all items, correct and incorrect response options were developed using established theories from the emotion and management fields. Our study showed that QEPro has good psychometric qualities such as high measurement precision and internal consistency, an appropriate level of difficulty and a clear factorial structure. The tool also correlates in meaningful and theoretically congruent ways with general intelligence, Trait EI measures, the Big Five factors of personality, and the Affect measures used in this study. For all these reasons, QEPro is a promising tool for studying the role of EI competencies in managerial outcomes.

Project Similarity Bias and Variance Neglect in Forecast Metric Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shir Dekel ◽  
Micah Goldwater ◽  
Dan Lovallo ◽  
Bruce Burns
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
Management Students ◽  
Financial Measure

Business executives often have to allocate resources across very dissimilar projects. They use financial measures, such as Net Present Value (NPV) that simplify this difficult comparison because they aim to be equally applicable to any kind of project, but these measures vary in their reliability. Psychological research suggests that comparing alignable objects will be easier than comparing non-alignable objects (Markman & Gentner, 1993; Markman & Medin, 1995). However, it is unclear how alignment might moderate people’s use of financial measure such as NPV. We found that laypeople accommodate their use of a financial measure (NPV) based on its reliability (as explicitly described in the introduction to the task) when allocating resources to a set of alignable projects, but use it regardless of reliability when allocating to a set of non-alignable projects. However, when NPV reliability information was presented numerically using ranges, participants’ allocation did not depend on the ranges—participants used NPV even when they had an opportunity to use the intrinsic features of the project. Overall, however, participants relied on NPV more when projects were low in alignment than when they were high in alignment. The result with numerical reliability was replicated with Masters of Management students. Our results demonstrate that considering dissimilar choices may hinder people’s ability to evaluate their importance, and that people might not be using useful variance information in their decisions.

Women on top: the career development journey of Filipina business executives in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Cirineo Osi ◽  
Mendiola Teng-Calleja
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Women Executives ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
Male Dominated

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the experiences of Filipina women business executives occupying top-most leadership roles in male-dominated industries in the Philippines.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative research utilized the institutional theory and a phenomenological approach with semi-structured interviews for data collection. The seven women executives were purposively selected and interviewed in-depth. Participants were renowned leaders in six male-dominated industries in the country.FindingsThree phases – growing up years, career advancement and raising a family and becoming and being the chief executive officer (CEO) tracked the career development journey of the Filipina women business leaders that participated in the study. Cultural, organizational and familial factors emerged as contextual dimensions at each phase that the women business executives needed to navigate in their journey to the top. Six sub-themes reflect challenges in their career progression – women as in-charge of households, expectations as mothers, limited representation in the boardroom, discrimination as women leaders, women not seen as leaders and husband's ego. Four other sub-themes served as enablers – equal opportunity culture, career pathing and diversity, male mentors/role models and enlightened husbands. The CEO's personal characteristics surfaced as a critical factor – spirituality, being competitive but not ambitious, speaks her mind, can-do attitude, accountability, openness to learn and continually re-invents self.Research limitations/implicationsThe participants only included top-most Filipina women business leaders. Implications to women executives' career development in organizations are discussed.Originality/valueThis current study contributes a proposed conceptual model in the understanding of the career development journey of Filipina women executives in the Philippines where recent findings found greater recognition of their work in the corporate setting as compared to more developed Asian countries.

The Financial Crisis on Trial: What Went Wrong

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
John H. Sturc
Keyword(s):  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Investment Banks ◽  
Trial Court ◽  
Investment Bankers ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
Mortgage Backed Securities ◽  
Financial Panic ◽  
Criminal Intent ◽  
Selection Of

Americans demanded retribution from the mortgage lenders whose subprime loans defaulted and from investment bankers whose mortgage-backed securities sharply declined in value in 2007, leading to financial panic and the Great Recession. From 2008 to 2019, the federal government extracted hundreds of billions in fines from dozens of corporations, but few individual business executives were held accountable, and no senior banker was convicted of a crime. I use the trial court record of five government enforcement cases against individuals to explain this apparently anomalous result. I conclude that, in addition to a lack of funding, the prosecution effort was hindered by the government’s erroneous selection of cases to pursue. Further, the diffused nature of decision making in the mortgage finance market made it difficult to prove that any one senior-level participant had the criminal intent necessary for a conviction or a Securities and Exchange Commission civil fine or injunction. The trial results also support the argument that the growth and consolidation of investment banks from 1990 to 2008 created incentives for misconduct within the firms.

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