Ten Theses on Women in the Political Life of Latin America

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Joe Foweraker
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political

scholarly journals Investigation the need to teach the characteristics of the development of parliamentarism in Latin America as part of education

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Lvovna Norden
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Party System ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
Island States ◽  
Democratic Experience ◽  
The One

The article highlights the history and features of parliamentarism development in the Latin America countries. In addition, the need for training on the subject and the effect of increasing students and educators’ awareness in this field is examined. This process was lengthy, replete with the examples of various social groups, political trends and parties struggle intensity increase. Since the beginning of the 19th century, there have been almost no favorable conditions for the practical implementation of democratic government in the countries of Latin America, and the institutionalization of the party system has not taken place yet. However, there have been exceptions to the general rule in the history of Latin America. Chile and Argentina were such an example. The success of democratic transformations in the countries of the region depended on various reasons: a) whether the country had a democratic experience in its past; b) the conditions for the political and economic development of this country to develop representative institutions in the future; c) the importance of the parties in the political course development and the adoption of state decisions. The results of democracy and parliamentarism development in the states of Latin America are rather complicated by the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. On the one hand, the last decades of the XX-th century and the beginning of this century was marked by the democratization of political life, reforms, and the replacement of military regimes with civilian governments. Since the beginning of the 60-ies, they started the process of democratization and formation of independent island states in the Caribbean and Central America. Despite the successful development of the economy, culture, education, the presence of a large middle class in Argentina, the military governments overcame civilian ones in the 30-70-ies. Therefore, it is needed to consider this aspect as a part of education system to improve the educators’ level.

The Political Economy of Import-Substituting Industrialization in Latin America

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert O. Hirschman
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Growing Pains ◽  
Late Industrializing

This chapter surveys some characteristics of “import-substituting industrialization” in an attempt to appraise its evolution and the principal difficulties it has encountered. Some purely economic aspects of the problem are discussed, but particular attention is directed to interrelations with social and political life, as industrialization—one of the principal solutions for Latin America's development—has led to some feelings of disenchantment. It becomes necessary here to have a clear-eyed view of what “late-late” industrializing is; instead of exhaustion, this chapter posits that Latin Americans are confronted with the growing pains of having industrialized without an industrial revolution (basic social and political changes).

scholarly journals Max Weber’s Analysis of Plebiscitary Leadership and the Debate on Multiple Modernities

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
M.V. Maslovskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Multiple Modernities ◽  
Sociological Tradition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

The article considers Max Weber’s model of plebiscitary leadership and historical examples of plebiscitary democracy. It is argued that there is no clear distinction between plebiscitary democracy and dictatorship inWeber’s writings. As Stefan Breuer demonstrates, such a distinction allows us to broaden the application of Weberian concepts. Plebiscitary elements can be seen in the political life of non-Western states, which have been discussed from the multiple modernities perspective. However, while that perspective develops the Weberian sociological tradition, its representatives mostly do not use the concept of plebiscitary leadership. Thus, Shmuel Eisenstadt draws primarily on Weber’s sociology of religion in his analysis of different types of modernity. Specifically, Eisenstadt considers the impact of civilizational legacies on political processes in India and Latin America. Peter Wagner discusses the relevance of Weber’s rationalization thesis and theory of capitalism rather than the concepts of Weberian political sociology. In his study of democratization in Brazil and South Africa, Wagner emphasizes the progressive character of political changes but does not consider the possibility of a reversal of these processes. The article argues that the contemporary reconstruction of Weber’s model of plebiscitary leadership can complement the analyses of democratization in non-Western societies from the multiple modernities perspective.

scholarly journals Evangelicalism as a Political Mobilizer in Latin American Politics and the Reemergence of Conservative Governments

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Joel Ivan Gonzalez Cedillo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Latin American Politics ◽  
Personal Relation ◽  
Democratic State

Evangelicalism has experienced a rapid increase in Latin America the last four decades at the expense of Catholicism, as believers look for a more personal relation with God, a more practical religious life and detaching from the institutionality the Catholic Church represents. Due to the nature of Evangelicalism, believers started to get involved into the political life of their countries. The author analyses the use of discursive elements of Evangelicalism by conservative parties in Guatemala and Brazil to gain political power. Such phenomenon is reciprocal as Evangelical leaders take advantage of the exposure and reach they will get once conservative politicians gain power. The goal of the author is to visibilize the existing alliance between the Evangelical communities and conservative political parties in Latin America and the effects it has on secular democracies. The author gets to the conclusion that Latin American secular democracies that allow the participation of resourceful religious institutions or individuals in the political life risk the continuation of the secular democratic state

The Process of Constitution Making in Latin America

1960 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell H. Fitzgibbon
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
The World ◽  
Constitution Making

Latin America as an area would yield to few if any other regions of the world in its devotion to what it considers the constitutional process and, indeed, the supremacy of constitutions in establishing and ordering the political life of the several states. If the mere number of excursions into the practical exercise of constitution-making were to be considered significant—which it probably is at most only in a limited way—it might lead to the conclusion that the Latins were affected by some form of legpmania. A compilation of Latin America constitutions published a little more than a decade ago indicated that as of the beginning of 1948 the twenty states had written a total of 200 basic laws since their respective achievements of independence. Several additional ones have since been drafted.

scholarly journals Latin America: Presidential Power and the Opposition in the Twenty-first Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-184
Author(s):  
N. M. YAKOVLEVA
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Institutional Instability ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Heads Of State

At the end of 2017 Latin America has entered the electoral super  cycle, which runs until the end of 2019. In the region will take place  the elections of all levels: presidential, legislative, local, as well as referendums. The countries covered by the electoral race, provide  80 per cent of regional GDP, ballot will involve about 2/3 of  the voters in the region. Fourteen Heads of State will be elected in  the countries with a presidential form of Government. Elections are  held in an atmosphere of political instability, discredit of the power  structures, the degradation of the ruling elites, fragmentation of  party systems, volatility of the preferences of the electorate. In the  region, there are strong antielite moods, a slowdown of democratic  processes, and the low level of support for democracy. This article  analyzes the reasons for this situation. Considerable attention is paid to the characterization of the political systems prevailing in the  countries of the region and focuses on the evolution of the institute  of Presidency in the 21st century, the causes of the emergence of a  new leadership and the formation of regimes of personified  authorities. The author is of the opinion that the imbalances of  presidential systems laid down in the regulatory and legislative  framework, contribute to the consolidation of different models of  ideological personification colors and offer opportunities for  concentrating power in the hands of the head of State. Hyper power  of the Presidents and the weakening of the control functions of  parliaments contributed to the flourishing of corruption that has  taken epidemic proportions in recent years and among the highest  echelons of almost all countries. Corruption scandals in turn cause  presidential resignations and impeachments, lead to institutional instability. The fight against corruption becomes the  main leitmotif of election campaigns. The article presents the results of the election campaigns of 2015-2017, traces the  dependence of electoral preferences of the population of the region  from the situation in the economy and the social conditions, and  underlines the special role of the new middle class in the political  life. It is argued that Latin America is on the threshold of the  emblematic changes but to predict election results and the nature of  future change is not possible.

The Religious Factor in the Contemporary Political Discourse of Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Marianna G. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Actor ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
The Given ◽  
Latin American Countries

The 21st century is rightfully referred to as the post-secular period: the rebirth of religion can be seen practically everywhere. Latin America is no exception. Here, the evangelists (namely, neo-Pentecostals) are expanding their influence on an ever greater scale. The given paper examines the causes of this phenomenon; it also analyzes the theological concepts of neo-Pentecostals. The author arrives at the conclusion that neo-Pentecostals are becoming the most important political actor in all Latin American countries since they now represent the newly crystallizing moral needs of the population, now more than displeased with the liberal gender agenda. The author defines three models of neo – Pentecostals participation in the political life in various Latin American countries.

Women in Power and Decision making Positions : Conditions and Restraints

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Azza Charara Baydoun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Slow Progress

Women today are considered to be outside the political and administrative power structures and their participation in the decision-making process is non-existent. As far as their participation in the political life is concerned they are still on the margins. The existence of patriarchal society in Lebanon as well as the absence of governmental policies and procedures that aim at helping women and enhancing their political participation has made it very difficult for women to be accepted as leaders and to be granted votes in elections (UNIFEM, 2002).This above quote is taken from a report that was prepared to assess the progress made regarding the status of Lebanese women both on the social and governmental levels in light of the Beijing Platform for Action – the name given to the provisions of the Fourth Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. The above quote describes the slow progress achieved by Lebanese women in view of the ambitious goal that requires that the proportion of women occupying administrative or political positions in Lebanon should reach 30 percent of thetotal by the year 2005!

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