The Remediation of Attentional Disorders Following Brain Injury of Acute Onset

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
J. M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Attentional Disorders

Traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
pp. 367-384
Author(s):  
Manoj Sivan ◽  
Margaret Phillips ◽  
Ian Baguley ◽  
Melissa Nott
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Affected Individual ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Increasing Risk

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a subset of acquired brain injuries, a larger grouping that includes acute-onset diseases such as stroke as well as degenerative conditions such as the dementing illnesses. TBI is often considered separately to other acquired brain injuries due to differences in its presentation and how treatment is approached. TBI occurs over an extremely broad range of severities, from concussion through to profound and life-threatening damage. As the injury becomes more severe, the affected individual has an increasing risk of experiencing lifelong and complex physical, behavioural, emotional, cognitive and social problems. This chapter describes mechanisms, severity, consequences, related conditions, and stages of rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Relationship of The Degree of Head Injury Based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) with the Arrival of Acute Post Concussion Syndrome (PCS) Onset in Post-Head Injury Patients in General Hospital Dr.M.Djamil Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
Muhammad Reza Azriyantha ◽  
Syaiful Saanin ◽  
Hesty Lidya Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome

A B S T R A C TBackground: Traumatic brain injury is the main cause of death in the populationunder the age of 45 years, and the fourth leading cause of death in the entire ofpopulation. Based on the degree of traumatic brain injury, it is commonly categorizedbased on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) is theset of somatic, emotional / behavioral and cognitive symptoms that occur after atraumatic brain injury. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence andcorrelation of the degree of traumatic brain injury based on the Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) and the emersion of Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) acute onset in patientswith head injuries Method: This study was a cross-sectional analytic study ofpatients who experienced Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) after traumatic braininjury at DR. M. Djamil Hospital Padang in 2020 from June to November 2020. Datawere collected by filling in a questionnaire (The Rivermead Post ConcussionSymptoms Questionnaire) and medical record data of neurosurgical patients thatmet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: : It indicated that 70 patients wereincluded in the inclusion criteria of this study. A total of 38 (54.3) respondents didnot undergo the acute onset of PCS, meanwhile respondents who experienced acuteonset of PCS were 32 (45.7) respondents. The results showed that 25 (67.6%)respondents with mild traumatic brain injury had PCS acute onset, while 4 (17.4%)respondents with moderate degree of traumatic brain injury had PCS acute onset,and 4 (17.4%) respondents had PCS acute onset PCS 3 (30%) respondentsexperienced severe traumatic brain injury with acute onset PCS and statistically thedifference in the proportion of data from each of these variables was significant witha p-value of 0.0001. The results of statistical tests showed that p value> 0.05 on thecorrelation between PCS and GCS, thus, it can be concluded that there was nocorrelation between the direction of the relationship between PCS and GCS.Conclusion There was no correlation between the degree of traumatic brain injurybased on GCS and the incidence of PCS acute onset, either it was unidirectional orvice versa in patients with head injuries at RSUP M. Djamil Padang.

Alpha-II spectrin breakdown products in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a novel biomarker of proteolytic injury

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Lewis ◽  
Gregory J. Velat ◽  
Lynn Miralia ◽  
Linda Papa ◽  
Jada M. Aikman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Focal Neurological Deficit ◽  
Fisher Grade ◽  
Arterial Vasospasm ◽  
Grade 3

Object Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH) is a serious event with grave consequences. Delayed ischemic neurological deficits caused by cerebral arterial vasospasm contribute significantly to death and disability. Biomarkers may reflect brain injury and provide an early warning of impending neurological decline and stroke from ASAH-induced vasospasm. Alpha-II spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein whose breakdown products are candidate surrogate markers of injury magnitude, treatment efficacy, and outcome. In addition, αII spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs) can provide information on the proteolytic mechanisms of injury. Methods Twenty patients who received a diagnosis of Fisher Grade 3 ASAH were enrolled in this study to examine the clinical utility of SBDPs in the detection of cerebral vasospasm in patients with ASAH. All patients underwent placement of a ventriculostomy for continual cerebrospinal fluid drainage within 72 hours of ASAH onset. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected every 6 hours and analyzed using Western Blotting for SBDPs. Onset of vasospasm was defined as an acute onset of a focal neurological deficit or a change in Glasgow Coma Scale score of two or more points. All suspected cases of vasospasm were confirmed on imaging studies. Results Both calpain- and caspase-mediated SBDP levels are significantly increased in patients suffering ASAH. The concentration of SBDPs was found to increase significantly over baseline level up to 12 hours before the onset of cerebral arterial vasospasm. Conclusions Differential expression of SBDPs suggests oncotic necrotic proteolysis may be predominant in acute brain injury after ASAH and cerebral arterial vasospasm.

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

Confronting the grey zone after severe brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Peterson ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Severe Brain Injury ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Legal Decision Making ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Brain

In recent years, rapid technological developments in the field of neuroimaging have provided several new methods for revealing thoughts, actions and intentions based solely on the pattern of activity that is observed in the brain. In specialized centres, these methods are now being employed routinely to assess residual cognition, detect consciousness and even communicate with some behaviorally non-responsive patients who clinically appear to be comatose or in a vegetative state. In this article, we consider some of the ethical issues raised by these developments and the profound implications they have for clinical care, diagnosis, prognosis and medical-legal decision-making after severe brain injury.

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