The Marrakesh Compact: a new international framework for state cooperation on national security and migration?

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-239
Author(s):  
Elspeth Guild
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
And Migration ◽  
State Cooperation

scholarly journals Legal aspects of the impact of educational migration on the national security of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
V.V. Makarchuk
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Academic Mobility ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Educational Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

The article is intended to analyze the legal aspects of the impact of educational migration on the national security of Ukraine. The legal basis of educational migration is considered, in particular, the consolidation of Ukraine's participation as a full participant in the European educational space in the regulatory framework and its impact on Ukraine's national security. The positive and negative consequences of educational migration and their impact on the national security of the country are analyzed. Comprehensive measures, including legal ones, in the field of education and migration policy of Ukraine have been identified. Academic mobility and cross-border education are identified as the main institutional forms of educational migration. Today, the national security of Ukraine requires the protection of the public interests of all segments of the population, including young students, which ensures the sustainable development of the country and society. The vast majority of migrants are young people - the most active part of the population, prone to self-development and adaptation in a multicultural environment. Ensuring constitutional human rights and freedoms, including their right to education, are objects of national security. It is proved that international integration and integration of the national higher education system into the European educational space is one of the main principles of state policy in education. Accordingly, there are academic mobility programs in the field of international cooperation. Migration policy is one of the priority areas of the country's development. Migration is a complex process that includes, in addition to legal, economic, socio-psychological, political and cultural interrelationships. The issue of modern migration processes and national security is always promising in terms of further research, especially given that the analysis of the migration situation in Ukraine shows that they are developing much more dynamically than the process of legal regulation in this area. In fact, it is about the complexity of effective legal regulation of migration processes in the country.

Simulating Experiences of Displacement and Migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
James N Blake
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
National Security ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
The Other ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Interactive Narratives ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

Immigration is a highly politicised and emotive area of public discourse. During the peak of the so-called ‘Refugee Crisis' in Europe, a number of EU politicians and mass media outlets manipulated the abstract idea of ‘the migrant' as a scapegoat for a number of social ills including rising crime, unemployment and national security. Yet, during these years, some news organisations did seek to counter the dominant negative narratives around migration by exploring new modes of storytelling around interactive and immersive digital environments. This study examines four such media projects, all developed between 2014 and 2016. Their interactive narratives sought to break down popular discourses which portrayed migrants as “the other” by creating an emotional connection between media user and the experience of refugees themselves. For this research, journalists, editors, and producers were interviewed to determine the motivations of the content creators and the impact their storytelling techniques had on viewers.

scholarly journals International Law and European Migration Policy: Where Is the Terrorism Risk?

Laws ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Didier Bigo ◽  
Elspeth Guild
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
International Law ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
State Violence ◽  
International Protection ◽  
European Context ◽  
Terrorism Risk ◽  
Politics Of Fear ◽  
And Migration ◽  
European Migration

This article examines how international law in form of treaties deals with the intersection of the three concepts. Our hypothesis is that international law, in the form of treaties, has been reluctant to engage with national security when dealing with migration, leaving this to national law. Instead, the intersection of national security—most commonly in the form of concerns about terrorism and migration—takes place in political discourse, which acts as a passerelle for various types of state violence against people classified or suspected of being migrants. We examine this mechanism that we call an insecurity continuum driven by the politics of fear in a European context. This is a politics that takes place outside of international law but has the effect of limiting access by individuals to international law protections, particularly in the case of people who claim international protection against persecution or torture.

Data Protection within Police and Judicial Cooperation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
National Security ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Public Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Judicial Cooperation ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
State Cooperation

The main focus of this chapter is on administrative procedures for data protection in the area of Police and Judicial Cooperation (PJC), an integral part of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) in the European Union. This includes public security, as far as it falls within the scope of Union law, and the AFSJ. This is to be distinguished from national security which falls outside the scope of EU law. The administrative procedures discussed here concern the compliance with, and supervision and enforcement of data protection provisions applicable to EU and national authorities competent in the police and justice sector. As well, the mechanisms for EU–Member State cooperation in protecting personal data in the course of police and justice operations fall within this scope.

SIGNIFICANCE OF DANUBE REGION FOR THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1815-1820
Author(s):  
Daniel Manolov
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Relationship Education ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Security Culture ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
The Social ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
And Migration

The paper presents the significance of Danube region for the national security of Republic of Bulgaria. In this regard, the scope and number of the population for the period 2014-2018 of the region are presented. The fastest decline rate with the population of Northwest Bulgaria is one of the main reasons in 2018 a new territorial coverage of level 2 regions to be developed. For the last years, one of the serious concerns of the country is about its population decline. The data about the number of the population of Republic of Bulgaria for the period 2014-2017 from National statistical institute are used. The data represent a significantly higher trend of depopulation of the villages and towns from Danube region in comparison with the overall country trend. The principal determinants, which influence the change of the number and the structure of the population, are the demographic processes – fertility, mortality and migration. The overcoming of the negative demographic trends and the significant disproportion of the regional development is of vital interest for the national security. The wide scope of the Danube region and the fast depopulation trend in the region appear to be prerequisites for disproportions in its development. In this respect, the causal relationships for the disproportions of the development of the region are examined. The report presents the relationship "education-business-demographic structure-national security". The depopulation of the Danube region leads to a serious decreasing in the quality of life and severely restricts the access to public services, which results in permanent damages of the economic activity and causes a social exclusion in a nationwide and regional aspect. The trend of depopulation of significant territories in the country is a destabilizing factor in the strategic environment of the security. One of the main directions to tackle the process of depopulation is to synchronize education to the business in the region. Thus is expected the youth emigration to be reduced. In this respect, the number of the jobs available in the primary market, registered in the labor offices in total for the country and for Danube region for 2017 and 2016 respectively is presented. The management of the demographic crisis in the Danube region is a complex and an inert process in particular, and the results from the measures undertaken will come out after years and even decades. In this regard, the long-term goal is development of national security culture, which should be a natural public basis for the effective and complete implementation of the security policies. The education and the family values are its chief constituents. The enlargement of the social scope of the security policy sets new challenges to the institutional vertical and horizontal coordination of the hierarchical management relations. In order to extend the social scope of the security policy and the development of the national security culture it is necessary to apply new forms of interaction between the education and business, which are expected to lead to better demographic structure of the Danube region.

Addressing Future Fragility: Women, Climate Change and Migration

2020 ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Briana Mawby ◽  
Anna Applebaum
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Security ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Global Community ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
The World ◽  
And Migration ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change and its consequences are among the greatest challenges facing the global community, with the potential to radically alter the structures of communities, states, and international cooperation. Climate change will fundamentally reshape migration patterns around the world; as people choose to migrate to find safety and economic opportunities, their movements will affect how states manage their borders and national security and will strain further the already burdened mechanisms which help guide migration flows locally and internationally. The pressure of climate-related migration in both origin and destination communities requires rethinking international initiatives and national frameworks governing migration and resettlement. When a shock occurs, such as those caused by climate change impacts, it leaves women especially vulnerable and makes migration particularly arduous. Yet women will also be critical to determining the response to such events. In order to understand the potential impacts of climate change-related migration, it is critical to understand women’s roles and experiences. As responsive new policies and approaches are being designed, it is equally critical for women’s perspectives, needs, and expertise to be centered. This chapter provides a discussion of the gendered consequences of climate change, the legal and policy gaps that exist for understanding and addressing gendered climate change-related migration, and the role that future WPS research and analysis can play in highlighting and addressing these issues.

Demonstration of Retinal Glycogen with Silver Methenamine

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 564-565
Author(s):  
A. W. Sedar ◽  
G. H. Bresnick
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Müller Cell ◽  
External Limiting Membrane ◽  
Electron Microscope Level ◽  
Reactive Process ◽  
Inner Limiting Membrane ◽  
Muller Cell ◽  
And Migration

After experimetnal damage to the retina with a variety of procedures Müller cell hypertrophy and migration occurs. According to Kuwabara and others the reactive process in these injuries is evidenced by a marked increase in amount of glycogen in the Müller cells. These cells were considered originally supporting elements with fiber processes extending throughout the retina from inner limiting membrane to external limiting membrane, but are known now to have high lactic acid dehydrogenase activity and the ability to synthesize glycogen. Since the periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine technique was shown to demonstrate glycogen at the electron microscope level, it was selected to react with glycogen in the fine processes of the Müller cell that ramify among the neural elements in various layers of the retina and demarcate these cells cytologically. The Rhesus monkey was chosen as an example of a well vascularized retina and the rabbit as an example of a avascular retina to explore the possibilities of the technique.

Structure and migration of planar defects in crystals observed in atomic scale

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hashimoto ◽  
Y. Sugimoto ◽  
Y. Takai ◽  
H. Endoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Twist Boundary ◽  
Optical Magnification ◽  
Zinc Crystal ◽  
And Migration

As was demonstrated by the present authors that atomic structure of simple crystal can be photographed by the conventional 100 kV electron microscope adjusted at “aberration free focus (AFF)” condition. In order to operate the microscope at AFF condition effectively, highly stabilized electron beams with small energy spread and small beam divergence are necessary. In the present observation, a 120 kV electron microscope with LaB6 electron gun was used. The most of the images were taken with the direct electron optical magnification of 1.3 million times and then magnified photographically.1. Twist boundary of ZnSFig. 1 is the image of wurtzite single crystal with twist boundary grown on the surface of zinc crystal by the reaction of sulphur vapour of 1540 Torr at 500°C. Crystal surface is parallel to (00.1) plane and electron beam is incident along the axis normal to the crystal surface. In the twist boundary there is a dislocation net work between two perfect crystals with a certain rotation angle.

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