Historical changes in rural social structure and social stratification

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-270
Author(s):  
Wang Xianming
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Historical Changes

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE AMARNA LETTERS TOWARDS A STUDY OF SYRO-PALESTINIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE (1). TERMINOLOGY FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 788-832
Author(s):  
Lukas M. Muntingh
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Social ◽  
Amarna Letters ◽  
Free People ◽  
Shed Light

Egyptian domination under the 18th and 19th Dynasties deeply influenced political and social life in Syria and Palestine. The correspondence between Egypt and her vassals in Syria and Palestine in the Amarna age, first half of the fourteenth century B.C., preserved for us in the Amarna letters, written in cuneiform on clay tablets discovered in 1887, offer several terms that can shed light on the social structure during the Late Bronze Age. In the social stratification of Syria and Palestine under Egyptian rule according to the Amarna letters, three classes are discernible:1) government officials and military personnel, 2) free people, and 3) half-free people and slaves. In this study, I shall limit myself to the first, the upper class. This article deals with terminology for government officials.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Social Structure: Western Ideas in Domestic Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliia Nikolaevna Soloveva
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Domestic Practice ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Selection Of

The study of the social structure of society involves the selection of features that determine social stratification. The variety of these features contributes to the emergence of a large number of theoretical and methodological approaches. The article examines the most significant approaches for studying the social structure of Russian society based on the ideas of representatives of Western sociology: from class theories to theories of social stratification. In the process of transformation of society, not only the structure changes, but also the factors influencing it, which leads to the emergence of new approaches for the most complete and accurate analysis.

scholarly journals SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF ANCIENT RUSSIA

2022 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Алена Владимировна Искрина
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Social

В статье рассматриваются особенности формирования социальной стратификации Древней Руси на раннем этапе развития, этапы появления различных страт в зависимости от социально-политических событий с X по XII вв. Предметом исследования является процесс образования социальных страт в древнерусском государстве. Цель статьи - рассмотреть социальное устройство Древней Руси, определить и описать стратификацию и взаимодействие страт между собой, историю изучения данного вопроса, политические события, влияющие на данные процессы. Основным вопросом исследования явились исторические события, оказавшие влияние на формирование социальных страт с X по XII вв., появление социальных страт в данный исторический период и формы их взаимодействия. Отвечая на данный вопрос, автор приходит к выводу, что разложение патриархально-общинного строя, формирование феодального вассалитета, принципа майората, княжеской дружины и другие внутриполитические события повлияли на формирование социальных страт государства. В связи с данными историческими событиями удается проследить этапы происхождения социальных слоев населения, их состав, социальные функции в обществе и государстве. The paper examines the features of the social stratification of the Ancient system at an early stage of development, the stages of the emergence of various strata depending on political events from the 10th to the 12th centuries. The subject of this research is the process of the formation of social strata in the ancient European state. The purpose of the publication is to consider the social structure of Ancient Rus, to determine and describe the stratification and interaction of strata with each other, to study this issue, political events that affect these processes. The main research issue was the historical events that influenced the formation of social strata from the 10th to the 12th centuries, the emergence of social strata in a given historical period and the forms of their interaction. Answering this question, the author arrives at the conclusion that the disintegration of the patriarchal-communal system, the formation of a feudal vassalage, the principle of primacy, the princely squad and other internal political events influenced the formation of social strata of the state. In connection with these historical events, it is possible to trace the stages of the origin of social strata of the population, their composition, social functions in society and the state.

Introduction to Constructing Organizational Life

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Lawrence ◽  
Nelson Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Organizational Life ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
Key Dimensions

This chapter develops the arguments that underpin the rest of the book, and introduces the three forms of social-symbolic work explored in greater detail in subsequent chapters. It begins by exploring the possibility of social-symbolic work that is rooted in the historical changes associated with the transitions to modernity and postmodernity. It then develops the concept of social-symbolic work, explaining its roots in studies of social structure and agency, identifying its three key dimensions—discursive, relational, and material—and introducing three key forms of social-symbolic work (self work, organization work, institutional work). Finally, it presents a process model of social-symbolic work that guides the analysis of the different forms of social-symbolic work.

Norman Salsitz, as told to Richard Skolnik

1998 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
Jerzy Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Rich Family

This chapter examines how Richard Skolnik spent many hours taping the recollections of Norman Salsitz, who was born in the small Polish town of Kolbuszowa in 1920. These tapes are the basis of a book on the life and death of the shtetl until 1942. It is one of the most important sources concerning the internal life, social structure, economic conditions, traditions, and slow changes going on between the two world wars in a typical rural Jewish community. Salsitz was born into a traditional, hasidic, relatively rich family. He began early to participate in business life, and his descriptions of economic conditions, including social stratification, are vivid. Significant also are Salsitz's recollections of the political attitudes of both Jews and Poles. The Salsitz family was equally committed to Polish patriotic traditions and the Jewish way of life, but Polish attitudes towards Jews differed substantially from Jewish attitudes towards Poland and Polish identity. Jews felt patriotic towards Poland, but still suffered from some of the antisemitism of their fellow townsfolk.

Profit as Social Rent: Embeddedness and Stratification in Markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Muennich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Rent Extraction ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
The Social

This article shows how research on the social structure of markets may contribute to the analysis the growing income inequality in contemporary capitalist economies. The author proposes a theoretical link between embeddedness and social stratification by discussing the role of institutions and networks in markets for the distribution of economic profits between firms. The author claims that we must understand profit and free competition as opposites, as economic theory does. In the main part of the article the author illustrates six typical mechanisms of rent extraction from networks or formal and symbolic rules that embed markets. They emerge from material as well as symbolical access to and influence on the orientation of other market actors. Social structures in markets lead to unequal chances for rent extraction, even if actors produce them for coordination rather than for accumulation purposes. This is how market sociology and theory of capitalism can be linked more closely.

The Creation of the Imperial Military Reserve Association in Japan

1971 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Smethurst
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Military Experience ◽  
Meiji Period ◽  
Army Officers ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Military Reserve ◽  
The Creation

In 1910, a group or army officers led by Tanaka Giichi founded die Imperial Military Reserve Association in order to integrate Japanese society around military values. The founders, mostly proteges of Yamagata Aritomo, die chief Meiji period spokesman for unity to increase national wealdi and power, established die organization in 1910 because the already existing unity was under attack. Labor organizations and the influx of morally degenerate and subversive Western ideas caused Tanaka to fear army-civilian alienation and national divisiveness. Thus, to achieve integration, the reserve association disseminated the “soldier's ethos,” military ideals, such as obedience, frugality, bravery, cooperation, social stratification, anti-individualism, and diligence, all unified by a belief in a divine emperor, established branches in every community, 14,000 in all, and carried out activities which reinforced both the values and local social structure. The three million volunteer members, half of whom had no military experience, achieved their leaders' goals by performing public services and patriotic activities. They demonstrated to local residents die ethos in action and benefitted the community as well. By the 1930's, bodi die organization and die members had become the backbone of rural Japan.

scholarly journals Dolmen dan Struktur Sosial Masyarakat Tuhaha, Maluku Tengah

AMERTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-38
Author(s):  
Marlon N.R. Ririmasse
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Dolmen and the Social Structure of the Tuhaha Comunity in Central Malucca.  This article further discusses the social aspects of dolmen function by analyzing the relationship between dolmen and social stratification in the ancient Tuhaha society. At the same time, this article also analyze how the social structure concept being transform into the form of dolmen as a material culture complete with all its symbolic attributes. Abstrak. Tulisan ini mencoba melihat aspek-aspek sosial dari fungsi dolmen dengan mengkaji hubungan antara dolmen dan stratifikasi sosial pada masyarakat desa Tuhaha Maluku Tengah. Saat yang sama mencoba untuk melihat bagaimana struktur sosial yang bersifat konseptual, diwujudkan dalam bentuk dolmen sebagai data materi dengan segenap atribut simboliknya.

scholarly journals Sociology of Social Structure and Sociologists Working in Totalitarian and Post-Totalitarian Regimes in Central Europe, 1945–1989

Stan Rzeczy ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Georges Mink
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Post War ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

The model of society put forward by Marxist theoreticians as descriptive of a post-revolutionary society had a quasi-constitutional status in countries that claimed to adhere to Soviet-type socialism, particularly those of Eastern Europe. As the model’s main function was to legitimise the actions of those who wielded power, it acquired doctrinal significance. In the Eastern European countries, the history of the sociology of social structure and stratification clearly illustrates the conservative nature of official doctrine. However, the real mechanisms of society, in so far as they deviated from the official paradigm, upset doctrinal stability and may consequently have led, if not to a revision of the official dogmas, then to the acceptance of a certain degree of flexibility. In order to understand the development of the theoretical analysis of social stratification and social inequalities (the most sensitive area of debate) in totalitarian and post-totalitarian Soviet type societies, it must be noted that post-war sociology has reflected a continuing effort by sociologists to create an independent scientific framework for their discipline. This is why we try, in this article, to combine evaluating the attitudes of different Eastern European sociologists from across the political spectrum with the evolution and adaptation of their theoretical approaches and creativity.

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