Petroleum extraction in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 634-644
Author(s):  
Austin Dziwornu Ablo ◽  
William Otchere-Darko
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Extraction

Production and characterization of Sr2AlZrO5,5 ceramics to encapsulate temperature sensors in the petroleum extraction industry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Sousa ◽  
Manuella Batista Padilha ◽  
Ricardo Artur Sanguinetti Ferreira ◽  
Yogendra Prasad Yadava ◽  
Renata Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Petroleum Extraction

Engaging, Standing, and Stepping

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Michael Cepek
Keyword(s):  
Research Subjects ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Politics ◽  
Engaged Anthropology ◽  
Petroleum Extraction

Anthropologists and activists portray the lives and lands of Ecuador’s Indigenous Cofán people as a case study of the damage caused by petroleum extraction. Yet during my fieldwork on the issue, I began to question the nature of the Cofán-oil encounter when the community in which I worked decided to allow oil companies onto their land. In this article, I examine my own involvements with Cofán oil politics in dialogue with Stuart Kirsch’s concept of ‘engaged anthropology’ and Kim TallBear’s call for researchers to ‘stand with’ their research subjects. I argue that anthropological activism is necessarily a complex and shifting affair, especially when our collaborators’ perspectives diverge from our own regarding the best possible paths to their wellbeing. I suggest that the most ethical option is for anthropologists to commit themselves to continuous, co-con-structed partnerships in which they are perpetually prepared to transform their most basic political and intellectual positions.

scholarly journals Emissions of organic carbon and methane from petroleum and dairy operations in California's San Joaquin Valley

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 28225-28278 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Gentner ◽  
T. B. Ford ◽  
A. Guha ◽  
K. Boulanger ◽  
J. Brioude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Petroleum Extraction

Abstract. Petroleum and dairy operations are prominent sources of gas-phase organic compounds in California's San Joaquin Valley. Ground site measurements in Bakersfield and aircraft measurements of reactive gas-phase organic compounds were made in this region as part of the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) project to determine the sources contributing to regional gas-phase organic carbon emissions. Using a combination of near-source and downwind data, we assess the composition and magnitude of emissions from these prominent sources that are relatively understudied compared to motor vehicles We also developed a statistical modeling method with the FLEXPART-WRF transport and meteorological model using ground-based data to assess the spatial distribution of emissions in the San Joaquin Valley. We present evidence for large sources of paraffinic hydrocarbons from petroleum extraction/processing operations and oxygenated compounds from dairy (and other cattle) operations. In addition to the small straight-chain alkanes typically associated with petroleum operations, we observed a wide range of branched and cyclic alkanes that have limited previous in situ measurements or characterization in emissions from petroleum operations. Observed dairy emissions were dominated by ethanol, methanol, and acetic acid, and methane. Dairy operations were responsible for the vast majority of methane emissions in the San Joaquin Valley; observations of methane were well-correlated with non-vehicular ethanol, and multiple assessments of the spatial distribution of emissions in the San Joaquin Valley highlight the dominance of dairy operations for methane emissions. The good agreement of the observed petroleum operations source profile with the measured composition of non-methane hydrocarbons in unrefined natural gas associated with crude oil suggests a fugitive emissions pathway during petroleum extraction, storage, or processing with negligible coincident methane emissions Aircraft observations of emission hotspots from operations at oil wells and dairies are consistent with the statistical source footprint determined via transport modeling and ground-based data. At Bakersfield, petroleum and dairy operations each comprised 22–23% of anthropogenic non-methane organic carbon and were each responsible for ~12% of potential precursors to ozone, but their direct impacts as potential SOA precursors were estimated to be minor. A comparison with the California Air Resources Board emission inventory supports the current relative emission rates of reactive organic gases from these sources in the region.

scholarly journals Indigenous-led camera-trap research on traditional territories informs conservation decisions for resource extraction

FACETS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1266-1284
Author(s):  
Jason T Fisher ◽  
Fabian Grey ◽  
Nelson Anderson ◽  
Josiah Sawan ◽  
Nicholas Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Conservation Decisions ◽  
Petroleum Extraction

The resource extraction that powers global economies is often manifested in Indigenous Peoples’ territories. Indigenous Peoples living on the land are careful observers of resulting biodiversity changes, and Indigenous-led research can provide evidence to inform conservation decisions. In the Nearctic western boreal forest, landscape change from forest harvesting and petroleum extraction is intensive and extensive. A First Nations community in the Canadian oil sands co-created camera-trap research to explore observations of presumptive species declines, seeking to identify the relative contributions of different industrial sectors to changes in mammal distributions. Camera data were analyzed via generalized linear models in a model-selection approach. Multiple forestry and petroleum extraction features positively and negatively affected boreal mammal species. Pipelines had the greatest negative effect size (for wolves), whereas well sites had a large positive effect size for multiple species, suggesting the energy sector as a target for co-management. Co-created research reveals spatial relationships of disturbance, prey, and predators on Indigenous traditional territories. It provides hypotheses, tests, and interpretations unique to outside perspectives; Indigenous participation in conservation management of their territories scales up to benefit global biodiversity conservation.

scholarly journals Lead and cadmium levels in raw bovine milk and dietary risk assessment in areas near petroleum extraction industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 635 ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Norouzirad ◽  
Jose-Ramiro González-Montaña ◽  
Felipe Martínez-Pastor ◽  
Hedayat Hosseini ◽  
Ali Shahrouzian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
Dietary Risk Assessment ◽  
Petroleum Extraction

Potential applications of carbon nanomaterials in oil recovery

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-107
Author(s):  
V.M. Shamilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Extraction Stage ◽  
Petroleum Extraction

Carbon nanomaterials and compositions containing them are attracting increased attention. The high variety of carbon nanomaterials structures and morphologies as well as the simplicity of its surface functionalization, make it possible to effectively select the nanomaterial properties for the target task. The presented study provides an overview of the oil industry stages and shows the main directions of using nanotechnology in them. The main attention is focused on the trends of carbon nanomaterials (nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes and graphene-like materials) applications in the petroleum extraction stage (drilling and enhanced oil recovery processes).

scholarly journals Optimization of Cement-Based Mortar Containing Oily Sludge Ash by Response Surface Methodology

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6308
Author(s):  
Mubarak Usman Kankia ◽  
Lavania Baloo ◽  
Nasiru Danlami ◽  
Wan Nurliyana Samahani ◽  
Bashar S. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Numerical Optimization ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Sludge Ash ◽  
Petroleum Extraction

In the industries of petroleum extraction, a large volume of oily sludge is being generated. This waste is usually considered difficult to dispose of, causing environmental and economic issues. This study presented the novel experimental method of manufacturing mortar used in civil construction by cement and oily sludge ash (OSA). The defined method was described with a logical experimental study conducted to examine a feasible manufacturing method for casting cement-based mortars by partially replacing cement with OSA. Replacement concentrations for OSA ranged from 0 to 20 percent by cement weight, while the water-to-cement (w/c) ratio was varied from 0.4 to 0.8, and the amount of sand was kept constant. The strengths and absorption rate of the mortar were monitored for 28 days. The OSA contains a crystalline structure with packs of angular grains. Because of OSA in the cement-based mortar mixtures and water-to-cement ratios, the mechanical strength was improved significantly. However, the water absorption trend increased linearly. Using variance analysis, the influence of OSA and w/c ratio on the behavior of mortar was acquired. The developed models were significant for all p-value reactions of <5%. Numerical optimization results showed that the best mixture can be obtained by replacing 8.19 percent cement with OSA and 0.52 as a ratio of w/c.

scholarly journals Influence of Low Dosage Green Extracts on CO2 Hydrate Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Prasad PSR
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Plug Formation ◽  
Low Dosage ◽  
Petroleum Extraction

Gas clathrates or the gas hydrates are the solid ice particles encapsulating gas molecules (commonly methane - CH 4 and carbon dioxide - CO 2 ) within the water cavities, at moderately high-pressure and low-temperature conditions. The petroleum extraction process from the deep-sea environment favours the occurrence of hydrates, and CO 2 hydrates require milder p, T conditions than CH 4 hydrates. Thus, chocking the pipeline network and obstructing the petroleum flow; leading to a substantial economic loss and hazardous. Conventional hydrate inhibitors (methanol, ethanol, glycols, Amino acids, and ionic liquids, etc.) are used, which are chemically toxic, costly, and required in large volumes (30-50 wt %). Therefore a suitable additive preventing plug formation is on high demand. The present study disclosures the use of three green leaf extracts Azadirachta indica (Neem - NL), Piper betel (betel - BL), and Nelumbo nucifera (Indian lotus - LL) in low dosage (0.5 wt %) on the CO 2 hydrate formation. Experiments are conducted in the isochoric method, with 0.5 wt % green-additives. The hydrates nucleate at higher subcooling (̴ 7-9 K), and the conversion is about ̴ 33-40 %. The induction time is nearly the same both pure- H 2 O and H2O with LL, whereas, it is ̴3 and 4 times higher for NL and BL. The hydrate growth kinetics also indicate significant retardation (2 – 4 times). Thus, these bio-additives, in low-dosage, could be an effective THI and also KHI for preventing the CO 2 hydrates plugs.

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