Project: Scientific Careers

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Lenore Teevan
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Careers

Internationalization and Diversification of Academic Careers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorana Toma ◽  
Maria Villares-Varela
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
International Study ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
Academic Careers ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
Depth Interviews

This chapter examines the major patterns and drivers of interlinked geographical and career mobilities of Indian-born researchers and scientists. Based on a global survey and in-depth interviews, this study shows that the mobility of Indian researchers is mainly driven by an intrinsic motivation to internationalize their scientific careers, but has also to do with the characteristics of the research environment in India. Moving abroad enables researchers to acquire expertise in a field of research that is not sufficiently developed back home, and provides exposure to research facilities and personnel deemed better and more qualified than those back home. In this respect, international study and work experience are often perceived as providing professional merits that are instrumental in career progression on return to India.

scholarly journals Research Creativity and Productivity in Political Science: A Research Agenda for Understanding Alternative Career Paths and Attitudes Toward Professional Work in the Profession

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Kim Quaile Hill
Keyword(s):  
Research Productivity ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
Publication Success ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTA growing body of research investigates the factors that enhance the research productivity and creativity of political scientists. This work provides a foundation for future research, but it has not addressed some of the most promising causal hypotheses in the general scientific literature on this topic. This article explicates the latter hypotheses, a typology of scientific career paths that distinguishes how scientific careers vary over time with respect to creative ambitions and achievements, and a research agenda based on the preceding components for investigation of the publication success of political scientists.

scholarly journals Russian scientists and the Royal Society of London: 350 years of scientific collaboration

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edouard Kolchinsky ◽  
Uwe Hossfeld ◽  
Georgy S. Levit
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Scientific Collaboration ◽  
Honorary Membership ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
Royal Society Of London

This paper examines the dynamics of the honorary membership of Russian scientists at the Royal Society over a 350-year period. Using several outstanding Russian scientists as examples (Dmitrii Mendeleev, Il'ya Metschnikoff, Ivan Pavlov and Nikolai Vavilov), we will demonstrate how a combination of cultural and political factors influenced the dynamics of memberships. Furthermore, we explain how their memberships of the Royal Society influenced their scientific careers.

scholarly journals Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Microbial Sciences—the Texas Perspective

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo G. Torres ◽  
Maria Elena Bottazzi ◽  
Floyd L. Wormley
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Professional Roles ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
Effective Science ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Equity And Inclusion ◽  
The Way

The way that diversity, equity, and inclusion impact scientific careers varies for everyone, but it is evident that institutions providing an environment where being different or having differences creates a sense of being welcomed, supported, and valued are beneficial to the scientific community at large. In this commentary, three short stories from Texas-based microbiologists are used to depict (i) the importance of bringing the guiding principles of diversity, equity, and inclusion within their professional roles, (ii) the need to apply and translate those principles to support and enable successful scientific careers among peers and trainees, and (iii) the impact of effective science communication to increase the understanding of microbial environments among the community at large.

scholarly journals Edward Arthur Milne, 1896-1950

1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 421-443 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
Religious Convictions

Edward Arthur Milne was born at Hull on 14 February 1896. His father Sidney Arthur Milne, one of the thirteen children of Joshua Milne of H.M. Customs, Hull, was headmaster of St Mary’s Church of England School, Salthouse Lane, Hull. He was a man of high ideals and steadfast religious convictions and Milne had no hesitation in describing his father as the greatest influence in his early life. Milne’s mother, Edith Milne, nee Cockcroft, who survives him with her youngest son, was born at Pontefract. Arthur—he was always known by his second Christian name—was the eldest of three brothers who all entered upon scientific careers.

scholarly journals The Diversity–Innovation Paradox in Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (17) ◽  
pp. 9284-9291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas Hofstra ◽  
Vivek V. Kulkarni ◽  
Sebastian Munoz-Najar Galvez ◽  
Bryan He ◽  
Dan Jurafsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Racial Minorities ◽  
Academic Careers ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Underrepresented Groups ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
Faculty Positions ◽  
Majority Groups ◽  
Scientific Innovations

Prior work finds a diversity paradox: Diversity breeds innovation, yet underrepresented groups that diversify organizations have less successful careers within them. Does the diversity paradox hold for scientists as well? We study this by utilizing a near-complete population of ∼1.2 million US doctoral recipients from 1977 to 2015 and following their careers into publishing and faculty positions. We use text analysis and machine learning to answer a series of questions: How do we detect scientific innovations? Are underrepresented groups more likely to generate scientific innovations? And are the innovations of underrepresented groups adopted and rewarded? Our analyses show that underrepresented groups produce higher rates of scientific novelty. However, their novel contributions are devalued and discounted: For example, novel contributions by gender and racial minorities are taken up by other scholars at lower rates than novel contributions by gender and racial majorities, and equally impactful contributions of gender and racial minorities are less likely to result in successful scientific careers than for majority groups. These results suggest there may be unwarranted reproduction of stratification in academic careers that discounts diversity’s role in innovation and partly explains the underrepresentation of some groups in academia.

Gender Stratification and E-Science

2006 ◽  
pp. 246-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Palackal ◽  
Meredith Anderson ◽  
B. Paige Miller ◽  
Wesley Shrum
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Women Scientists ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Professional Networks ◽  
Gender Stratification ◽  
Internet Connectivity ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
Information And Communication

Can the internet improve the lot of women in the developing world? This study investigates the degree to which the internet affects the constraints on women pursuing scientific careers. We address this question in the context of the scientific community of Kerala, India, developing a “circumvention” argument that fundamentally implicates information and communication technologies in shaping gender roles. We begin by reviewing two main constraints identified in prior research (educational and research localism) that increase the likelihood of restricted professional networks. Next, we examine the extent to which women scientists have gained access to e-science technologies. With evidence of increased access, we argue that the presence of connected computers in the home has increased consciousness of the importance of international contacts. We conclude by proposing that internet connectivity is helping women scientists to circumvent, but not yet undermine, the patrifocal social structure that reduces social capital and impedes career development.

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