The relationship between first language (L1) and second language (L2) lexical development in young Turkish-German children

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Tanja Rinker ◽  
Nora Budde-Spengler ◽  
Steffi Sachse
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
German Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Turkish German

scholarly journals SPOKEN AND WRITTEN REPRESENTATION OF NUMBER IN L2 CATALAN INDEFINITE DETERMINER PHRASES

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-350
Author(s):  
Liliana Tolchinski ◽  
Naymé Salas ◽  
Joan Perera
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Literacy Instruction ◽  
First Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
L1 Influence ◽  
The Relationship

The study explores the relationship that second language (L2) learners of Catalan establish between the spoken and the written representation of number inflection within an indefinite-article Determiner Phrase (DP); and it also addresses first language (L1) influence in this processo Five- to eight-year-olds, speakers of varieties of Chinese and Moroccan Arabic, with differing degrees of literacy instruction in their home countries —but similar time of residence in Catalonia— participated in the study. The children carried out individual semi-structured tasks designed to evaluate comprehension and production of changes in number inflections (un cotxe ‘a car’; uns cotxes ‘a-pl cars ’). Results showed that, irrespective of children’s language background, comprehension preceded production of singular and plural indefinite-article DPs; spoken representation was easier than written representation of number changes; and production of plural indefinite-article DPs was more difficult than its singular counterpart. Despite typological differences between the languages compared, both groups of L2 learners, even the Catalan control group, underwent similar processes.

Interplay between perceived cross-linguistic similarity and L2 production

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Production Test ◽  
L1 Transfer ◽  
Egyptian Arabic ◽  
Speech Learning Model ◽  
L2 Production ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speech Learning

Abstract The present study aims to investigate the relationship between perceived cross-linguistic similarity and second language (L2) production. To this purpose, Egyptian Arabic learners of Greek in Cyprus who took part in a previous cross-linguistic perceptual study, completed a production test with respect to the Cypriot Greek vowels. The findings showed that perceived cross-linguistic similarity was linked with L2 production since along with the consideration of first language (L1)-L2 acoustic differences, it predicted most of the L2 vowel productions. Also, many L2 vowels were considerably longer than the corresponding L1 vowels. This can be interpreted as an L1 transfer since Egyptian Arabic vowels are longer in duration than the Cypriot Greek vowels. An interesting finding was that the production of the L2 vowels had only partial overlap with the productions of the L1 vowels, a finding that provides support for the hypotheses of the Speech Learning Model.

The Issue of Grammaticalization in Early German Second Language

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol W. Pfaff
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Care Center ◽  
First Language ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
German Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Diachronic Development

This paper treats the development of the expression of grammatical categories in German in the early second language acquisition of Turkish and German children attending a bilingual day-care center in a multilingual speech community in Berlin. We examine case and gender marking on noun phrases and pronouns and tense/aspect and agreement marking on verb phrases. These are examined in light of the following general issues: (a) Do grammatical markers develop from independent lexical items in child language as well as in diachronic development? (b) Do the markers initially mark pragmatic categories before being grammaticalized as syntactic functors? (c) Do grammaticalizations of the first language influence the development of the second language?We find no evidence that pragmatic precede syntactic categories; however, some evidence indicates that grammatical markers develop first as independent words—for example, pronominal use preceding definite article use ofder, die, das, and main verb use preceding auxiliary use ofsein(‘be’) andhaben(‘have’). Some evidence that the categories of the first language (Turkish) play a role in the development of German second language is found in compound verb constructions.

Lexical acquisition over time in minority first language children learning English as a second language

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEATHER GOLBERG ◽  
JOHANNE PARADIS ◽  
MARTHA CRAGO
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
First Language ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Lexical Resources ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Second Language Development ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Language Sampling

ABSTRACTThe English second language development of 19 children (mean age at outset = 5 years, 4 months) from various first language backgrounds was examined every 6 months for 2 years, using spontaneous language sampling, parental questionnaires, and a standardized receptive vocabulary test. Results showed that the children's mean mental age equivalency and standard scores on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Third Edition nearly met native-speaker expectations after an average of 34 months of exposure to English, a faster rate of development than has been reported in some other research. Children displayed the phenomenon of general all-purpose verbs through overextension of the semantically flexible verb do, an indicator of having to stretch their lexical resources for the communicative context. Regarding sources of individual differences, older age of second language onset and higher levels of mother's education were associated with faster growth in children's English lexical development, and nonverbal intelligence showed some limited influence on vocabulary outcomes; however, English use in the home had no consistent effects on vocabulary development.

Connections between First- and Second-Language Reading

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith E. Brisbois
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Second Language Reading ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Air Force Academy ◽  
L2 Reading ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
L2 Vocabulary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
L2 Reading Comprehension

This study builds upon previous research examining the relationship between first-language (L1) reading, second-language (L2) knowledge, and L2 reading. The unique contributions of L1 reading, L2 vocabulary, and L2 grammatical skill to L2 reading scores are investigated along with whether or not the contributions differ by course level. Subjects included 131 students (88 beginners and 43 upper level) enrolled in French at the U.S. Air Force Academy. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. Two programs were run for each subject group because L1 reading was measured using two different tests—recall protocols and the comprehension portion of the Nelson Denny Test. All of the independent variables contributed significantly for beginners, but did so for the upper level subjects only when L1 protocols were used as the reading measure. Typically, L1 reading contributed substantially, particularly for the upper level group, supporting Cummins's (1981) Hypothesis. This study demonstrates the importance of L1 reading and L2 knowledge to L2 reading comprehension.

Gesture use in story recall by Chinese–English bilinguals

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA NICOLADIS ◽  
SIMONE PIKA ◽  
HUI YIN ◽  
PAULA MARENTETTE
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
First Language ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Story Recall ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies have shown inconsistent results concerning bilinguals' use of gestures to compensate for reduced proficiency in their second language (L2). These results could be because of differing task demands. In this study, we asked 16 intermediate English L2 speakers (whose first language [L1] was Chinese) to watch a story and tell it back in both languages. We attempted to link gesture use to proficiency while accounting for task complexity as measured by scenes recalled. The results showed that these L2 speakers told longer stories in their L1 and used more iconic gestures in their L2. There were also trends for the women to tell longer stories and use more gestures in their L2 compared to the men. These results are consistent with the idea that the relationship between gesture use and proficiency is mediated by task complexity. The trends for gender differences, however, point to the possibility that gesture use is also related to expressivity.

Effects of the grammatical representation of number on cognition in bilinguals

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
PANOS ATHANASOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Grammatical Number ◽  
The Relationship

Research investigating the relationship between language and cognition (Lucy, 1992b) shows that speakers of languages with grammatical number marking (e.g. English) judge differences in the number of countable objects as more significant than differences in the number or amount of non-countable substances. On the other hand, speakers of languages which lack grammatical number marking (e.g. Yucatec) show no such preference. The current paper extends Lucy's (1992b) investigation, comparing monolingual English and Japanese speakers with Japanese speakers of English as a second language (L2). Like Yucatec, Japanese is a non-plural-marking language. Results show that intermediate L2 speakers behave similarly to the Japanese monolinguals while advanced L2 speakers behave similarly to the English monolinguals. The results (a) provide support for the claim that grammatical representation may influence cognition in specific ways and (b) suggest that L2 acquisition may alter cognitive dispositions established by a first language (L1).

scholarly journals The Optimal Age of the Second-First Language Acquisition: The Relationship of Language and Physical-Motor Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Budi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
First Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
First Language Acquisition ◽  
Chinese Families ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This research highlighted the language and physical-motor relationship and aimed to find the optimal age for the beginning of the second-first language (2L1) acquisition. The respondents of this research were 50 millennial generations of Chinese families whose children were 0-5 years old. Some children could communicate in Chinese and Indonesian language. Chinese-Indonesian families were chosen by considering their bilingual. This research employed qualitative data which were collected from observations and questionnaires given to parents. The collected data were analyzed by classifying the data into some specific intervals of age based on the language milestones. This research finds that the highest frequency of the beginning in the simultaneous second-first language education is at 13-15 months. This research also proves that the age between 13-15 months is an optimal age to begin educating the second language regarded as the first language for bilingual families.

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