Surfing's paradoxical journey from alternative lifestyle to Olympic sport

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-228
Author(s):  
Belinda Wheaton ◽  
Holly Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Lifestyle ◽  
Olympic Sport

Physiological responses and energy expenditure during competitive fencing

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Milia ◽  
Silvana Roberto ◽  
Marco Pinna ◽  
Girolamo Palazzolo ◽  
Irene Sanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Aerobic Energy Metabolism ◽  
Olympic Sport ◽  
Energetic Expenditure

Fencing is an Olympic sport in which athletes fight one against one using bladed weapons. Contests consist of three 3-min bouts, with rest intervals of 1 min between them. No studies investigating oxygen uptake and energetic demand during fencing competitions exist, thus energetic expenditure and demand in this sport remain speculative. The aim of this study was to understand the physiological capacities underlying fencing performance. Aerobic energy expenditure and the recruitment of lactic anaerobic metabolism were determined in 15 athletes (2 females and 13 males) during a simulation of fencing by using a portable gas analyzer (MedGraphics VO2000), which was able to provide data on oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production and heart rate. Blood lactate was assessed by means of a portable lactate analyzer. Average group energetic expenditure during the simulation was (mean ± SD) 10.24 ± 0.65 kcal·min−1, corresponding to 8.6 ± 0.54 METs. Oxygen uptakeand heart rate were always below the level of anaerobic threshold previously assessed during the preliminary incremental test, while blood lactate reached its maximum value of 6.9 ± 2.1 mmol·L−1 during the final recovery minute between rounds. Present data suggest that physical demand in fencing is moderate for skilled fencers and that both aerobic energy metabolism and anaerobic lactic energy sources are moderately recruited. This should be considered by coaches when preparing training programs for athletes.

scholarly journals The sportification of judo: global convergence and evolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Sato
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Global Convergence ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Olympic Sport

AbstractThis article re-examines our understanding of modern sport. Today, various physical cultures across the world are practised under the name of sport. Almost all of these sports originated in the West and expanded to the rest of the world. However, the history of judo confounds the diffusionist model. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, a Japanese educationalist amalgamated different martial arts and established judo not as a sport but as ‘a way of life’. Today it is practised globally as an Olympic sport. Focusing on the changes in its rules during this period, this article demonstrates that the globalization of judo was accompanied by a constant evolution of its character. The overall ‘sportification’ of judo took place not as a diffusion but as a convergence – a point that is pertinent to the understanding of the global sportification of physical cultures, and also the standardization of cultures in modern times.

Rituals and Records: the Films of the 1924 and 1928 Olympic Games

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke McKernan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Sports History ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Olympic Sport ◽  
Film Record ◽  
Landmark Study ◽  
The Way ◽  
The Olympic Games

The title of Allen Guttmann's landmark study of sports history,From Ritual to Record, captures the way cinematic treatments of the Olympic Games, Europe's most resonant sporting invention, developed in the early twentieth century. Projected film and the modern Olympic Games began in the same year, 1896, and the way the two phenomena have grown together demonstrates a progression from formality and ritual to an ever-increasing emphasis on individual, nation and achievement. This transition from ritual to record is demonstrated by two Olympic films from the European Games of Paris 1924 and Amsterdam 1928,Les Jeux Olympiques Paris 1924andDe Olympische Spelen. These cinematic records are not only documentary records of the events they portray, but are an important reminder that modern sports are witnessed by most not as stadium spectators but as viewers – in the case of the 1924 and 1928 films, as members of a cinema audience. The film record is essential to our understanding of the popularisation of modern sports, while through their contrary impulses to document and to idealise (particularly through the use of slow-motion photography), the two films demonstrate what is meaningful about Olympic sport.

scholarly journals Plivanje u triatlonu

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Silvia Race ◽  
Sandra Vujkov
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Classic Technique ◽  
Olympic Sport ◽  
Swimming Technique ◽  
The Way

Triathlon is an Olympic sport that consists of three cyclic events: swimming, running and cycling, which are taking place one after another. Triathlon race begins with swimming, mainly on open water. Even the great sport experts analyze triathlon through each segmental technique. In regards to that, triathlon-swimming technique is not identical to the classic technique in swimmers; moreover, there are significant differences in certain elements. The first triathlon competition was held in 1977 in Hawaii, organized by a group of US Marines. The aim of this paper was to explain the way of training, tactical preparation and other relevant elements related to the swimming part of the triathlon race.

Comparative Analysis of Substance Use in Ballet, Dance Sport, and Synchronized Swimming: Results of a Longitudinal Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Zenic ◽  
Mia Peric ◽  
Nada G Zubcevic ◽  
Zdenko Ostojic ◽  
Ljerka Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Synchronized Swimming ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Olympic Sport

There have been few studies comparing substance use and misuse (SU&M) in different performing arts forms. Herein, we identified and compared SU&M in women studying an art (ballet, n = 21), a non-Olympic sport (dance sport, n = 25), and an Olympic sport (synchronized swimming, n = 23). The sample of variables comprised general, educational, and sport factors, as well as SU&M data, including consumption of opiates, cigarettes, alcohol, nutritional supplements, doping behaviors, and beliefs. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, we found no significant differences between study groups in potential doping behaviors. Most of the examinees reported that they did not rely on physicians’ and/or coaches’ opinions regarding doping. Only sport dancers recognized their consumption of cannabis as a violation of anti-doping rules. Those more convinced that doping habits are present in their sport (or art) have a certain tendency toward doping usage. In conclusion, a strong anti-doping campaign within the studied arts is suggested, focusing on the health-related problems of SU&M.

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