scholarly journals Adjudicating sartorial elegance from the court – the sumptuary impulse in the law of modern sports sponsorship against ambush marketing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-86
Author(s):  
Chen Wei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Absolute Property ◽  
Ambush Marketing ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
Visual Order ◽  
Law Making

Ambush marketing, sometimes also known as guerrilla marketing, comprises attempts to create an unauthorized association with mega-sporting events (such as the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup) without obtaining official sponsorship agreements. This article contends that the contemporary law of sports sponsorships against ambush marketing harbours a palpable but much-neglected sumptuary impulse, which has never before been adequately scrutinized. It shows that pre-modern sumptuary law strangely resonates with modern anti-ambush law's sumptuary obsession with the visual order of symbols and images as prestige signifiers. It also reveals an ongoing ‘intellectual property’ turn in the recent development of sumptuary anti-ambush law-making, whose ambition is to reify sports-derived sumptuary distinction into a thing-in-itself for nearly absolute ‘property’ protection. My argument is illustrated by a carefully selected number of ambush disputes including Australian Olympic Committee (AOC) v Telstra, which represents the latest development in this field of law.

scholarly journals Respiratory Hospitalizations and Their Relationship with Air Pollution Sources in the Period of FIFA World Cup and Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4716
Author(s):  
Élida Campos ◽  
Carlos Alexandre R. Pereira ◽  
Carmen Freire ◽  
Ilce F. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Road Work ◽  
The City

Background: From 2010 onwards, the city of Rio de Janeiro has undergone changes related to the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, potentially affecting the respiratory health of inhabitants. Thus, the spatial distribution of respiratory hospitalizations (2008–2017) and the relationship between this outcome and potential air pollution sources in the city of Rio de Janeiro (2013–2017) were evaluated. Methods: An ecological study was performed using the Bayesian model with multivariate Poisson regression for the period of the sporting events (2013–2017). The outcome was the ratio of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases by the population at risk. Data analysis was performed in the total population and by sex and age group. The air pollution-related variables included industrial districts, traffic density, tunnel portals, a seaport, airports, and construction/road work. Results: All explanatory variables, except tunnel portals, were associated with an increase in the outcome. Construction/road work showed a greater magnitude of association than the other pollution-related variables. Airports were associated with an increased hospitalization ratio among the ≥60 year-old group (mean = 2.46, 95% credible intervals = 1.35–4.46). Conclusion: This study allows for a better understanding of the geographical distribution of respiratory problems in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Present results may contribute to improved healthcare planning and raise hypotheses concerning exposure to air pollution and respiratory hospitalizations.

The international tourism effect of hosting the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1009-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Vierhaus
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Country Level ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzes whether hosting mega-sporting events is a useful marketing platform for countries to promote international tourism on a longer term basis. Our model adopts the gravity equation of international trade to bilateral international tourist arrivals. We find a country-level tourism effect only for the Summer Olympic Games. Hosting increases international tourist arrivals significantly in the 8 years before, during, and in the 20 years after the event. In contrast, hosting the FIFA World Cup is overall ineffective in tourism promotion despite higher tourist arrivals in the event year. We attribute these differences in international tourism legacy to the level of strategic planning in promoting tourism, the impact of media on the broadcasting audience, and the participating countries.

Major Sporting Events and National Identification

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mutz ◽  
Markus Gerke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
National Identification ◽  
The Media ◽  
Highly Involved

Research suggests that major sporting events can affect identification with the nation-state. Complementing previous research, it is argued in this article that identification with the national in-group should be enhanced especially among emotionally involved spectators. Emotional involvement, however, can be induced by the sport itself but also by an emotionalized framing of the events by the media. Two studies are presented which test these claims: In Study #1, it is shown that a single, victorious Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup match suffices to increase national identification among emotionally highly involved subjects, whereas no effects are revealed for individuals with lower emotional involvement. In Study #2, participants reported higher levels of national identification and associated Germany with more positive emotions and values after watching a highly emotional and patriotic broadcast of a kayak competition from the 2016 Summer Olympic Games compared to individuals who had watched the same competition with a factual and neutral commentary. It is concluded from both studies that emotional involvement is a key mechanism through which higher levels of national identification are produced in the realm of sport.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE STATE OF AMBUSH MARKETING IN FOOTBALL AND WRESTLING

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad Tojari ◽  
Zinat Nikaeen ◽  
Marjan Shirahmad ◽  
Kaveh Mirani
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Ambush Marketing ◽  
Support Research

One of the modern ways of investing in sports and advertising is through sports. Along with financial backers, the ambush marketing phenomenon has been around for three decades. In Iran, one of the weaknesses is the lack of rules and weakness in the implementation of marketing laws. Football and wrestling are popular sports in Iran and have significant sponsors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the situation of ambush marketing in football and wrestling. The present study is of qualitative type. The statistical population includes 12 professionals: professors of sports marketing, media officials, the Football Federation, and football wrestling and financial support. Research tools are semi-structured interviews and research methods, content analysis and thematic analysis using Nvivo8 software. The research results showed that the term hidden marketing should be used instead of ambush marketing, and strict legislation and heavy financial penalties are required by lawmakers. Although major sporting events such as the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup are more common in Western countries, we can also use their methods and rules to protect the rights of sponsors and prevent ambush marketing. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0771/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals ANYONE FOR A GAME OF MONOPOLY™?* A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE EVERINCREASING COMMERCIALIZATION OF MAJOR SPORTING EVENTS PART 2: EXAMINING THE LEGITIMACY OF THE CREATION AND MAINTENANCE OF COMMERCIALLY-DRIVEN MONOPOLIES IN SPORTS EVENTS

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre M Louw
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Ambush Marketing ◽  
Prime Source

This is the second part of an article published in three parts that critically examines the commercial monopolisation of sporting mega-events such as the FIFA football World Cup, and of commercial rights protection of such events. The first part of this article contained mainly a descriptive overview of ambush marketing and of the legal and other measures available to event organisers and sponsors to combat such practices. This second (and the forthcoming third) part of the article will continue to critically evaluate the legitimacy of a prime source of protection for these commercial actors, namely anti-ambush marketing legislation, with a specific focus on the SouthAfrican jurisdiction and the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of mega-sporting events on hotel pricing strategies: the case of the 2014 FIFA World Cup

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Barreda ◽  
Sandra Zubieta ◽  
Han Chen ◽  
Marina Cassilha ◽  
Yoshimasa Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Revenue Management ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of a mega-sporting event “2014 FIFA World Cup” on hotel pricing strategies and performance. Design/methodology/approachThe present project examines the host regions’ response to the 2014 FIFA World Cup which was established by the variance in the main hotel key performance indexes: occupancy, average daily rate, revenue per available room (RevPAR) and supply. Using data gathered from STR, this research distinctly shows how the Brazilian host regions reacted to the World Cup. FindingsResults suggest that the key performance indicators of Brazil’s lodging sector reacted differently to the World Cup. Although all hosting cities experienced significant RevPAR growth because of the increase in hotel room rates during the event, the supply and occupancy performed differed from each city. Research limitations/implicationsResearch is limited to the case of hotel performance at the country level for mega-events. The study focused on the reaction of revenue managers in the Latin America context. Other contexts may generate different results. Practical implicationsThe study helps revenue managers to examine how the FIFA World Cup travel demand affected pricing strategies and revenue management practices in the Brazilian hotel sector in areas undergoing seasonal growths in overnight tourism. This study serves to inform hoteliers and practitioners about revenue management pricing strategies to improve hotel performance during mega-sporting events. Social implicationsThis study reveals that the benefits brought by a mega-event are not always translated into strong hotel revenue performance. This study highlights an important but understudied research area of revenue management pricing strategies and the effect of mega-sporting events in the hotel sector. This study contributes to the literature as one of the few investigations to benefit hotel pricing strategies and overall revenue performance. Originality/valueThis study is one of the few studies about exploring the reaction of revenue managers during the execution of a mega-sporting event. The value of the present study lies in the fact that the authors extend previous studies examining the impact of the most important sporting event in the hotel industry at the country-level perspective. This study serves to inform hoteliers and practitioners about revenue management pricing strategies to improve hotel performance during mega-sporting events.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tamir Sorek ◽  
Danyel Reiche
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Affairs

Sports in the Middle East have become a major issue in global affairs: Qatar’s successful bid for the FIFA World Cup 2022 (won in a final vote against the United States), the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final in Turkey’s most populous city Istanbul, the European basketball championship EuroBasket in 2017 in Israel, and other major sporting events, such as the annually staged Formula 1 races in Bahrain and Abu Dhabi, have put an international spotlight on the region. In particular, media around the world are discussing the question of whether the most prestigious sporting events should be staged in a predominantly authoritarian, socially conservative, and politically contentious part of the world....

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