scholarly journals Mobility of scholars and sciences between Bohemia, Hungary, Poland, and France in the 14th–15th centuries: the contribution of prosopography to the history of sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 233-259
Author(s):  
Pauline Spychala
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Alps ◽  
History Of Sciences ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
National Universities

This article aims to trace the mobility of scholars and sciences between France and Bohemia, Hungary, and Poland in the 14th and 15th centuries, seen from the perspective of prosopography. These exchanges were concentrated in only three oldest French universities of Montpellier, Orléans and Paris, albeit with significant variations, and in the newly-founded universities north of the Alps in the 14th century, namely those in Prague and Kraków. Mobility was less important and intensive at the end of the Middle Ages because of the policy in favour of establishing national universities. The names of 143 scholars from Bohemia, Hungary, and Poland, who were enrolled in the 14th and 15th centuries in French universities, have been found so far. Several of them played important roles in the history of science in these countries.

scholarly journals ORIGO GENTIS V ČESKÉ STŘEDOVĚKÉ HISTORIOGRAF II

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Marie Bláhová
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Founding Myth ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Three Phases

The author deals with the history of the founding myth of Czech Slavs from its oldest recording to the end of the Middle Ages. The legend of the origin of Czechs lived on in three phases of the Middle Ages. Stage one was captured by Cosmas of Prague († 1125) in the oldest nation-state chronicle. Another milestone was the founding legend in the Old Czech Chronicle recorded by so-called Dalimil from the early second decade of the 14th century. The founding myth changed fundamentally in two official chronicles which were written under the authority of Charles IV (1346-1378), the “Bohemian Chronicle” by Giovanni de’ Marignolli of Florence and the other “Bohemian Chronicle” by Přibík Pulkava of Radenín.

Some pedagogical and syntactical aspects of Francesco da Buti’s (1324–1406) Regule grammaticales

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 204-227
Author(s):  
Chiara Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Medieval Italy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ars Dictaminis ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract This essay aims at giving an account of some pedagogical and syntactical aspects of Francesco da buti’s (1324–1406) Regule grammaticales, a Latin grammar written in Central Italy in the second half of the 14th century. It occupies an important place in the history of positive grammar, providing an excellent example of Latin teaching in late medieval Italy. In fact, da Buti treatise deals not only with grammar, but also with rhetoric and Ars dictaminis, as was customary in the Italian tradition in the final centuries of the Middle Ages. This article analyzes the sections devoted to nouns and verbs, while also pointing out some pedagogical features, such as the exercises of the thèmata and the use of the vernacular as a tool for learning Latin composition.

scholarly journals XXXI.—On some early Latin Stories, imitated at a later period by Chaucer and Shakespeare. By Thomas Wright, F.S.A.

Archaeologia ◽  
1846 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
Thomas Wright
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Literature And Science ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Manuscript Collections ◽  
The Middle Ages

There are many obscure nooks and corners in the wide field of antiquarian research, which must be carefully explored, if we would make ourselves thoroughly acquainted with the history, or the literature and science, or the archæology of the Middle Ages. We shall find facts in the history of science and art among the heavy folios of the scholastic writers, which seem at first sight to forbid all attempt at perusal. Historical events are often cleared up from what has been looked upon as the refuse of manuscript collections, and hardly to be distinguished from the dust in which it has so long lain buried. Manners and customs of private life receive the most interesting illustration from the bills of butlers and cooks, from the parish register, or from the local court book.

Time on a Tablet: Early Ivory Sundials Incorporating Wax Writing Tablets

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Schewe ◽  
John Davis
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract This article offers the first comprehensive study of a newly discovered type of medieval sundial made of ivory which might well be the precursor of the well-known diptych dial form made from ivory and wood. These sundials are unique for the combination with a wax writing tablet (tabula cerata) on the reverse side, such as has been deployed as a reusable and portable writing surface in Antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages. Three previously unpublished examples of this type of sundial have been located in Germany, Italy and England. This article gives a detailed analysis of the sundials and the underlying construction principles, including considerations from the history of science, chronology and cultural history in order to answer the questions of where, when and by whom these sundials were made.

Humanist Culture and Renaissance Mathematics: The Italian Libraries of the Quattrocento

1973 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 46-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lawrence Rose
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Renaissance Mathematics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Middle Ages

There are two major problems in renaissance science, each of which has a cultural, as well as a scientific, dimension. The first problem concerns the impact of humanism upon the science of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It is often claimed that the humanist influence was malign: by attacking scholastic thought, the humanists tried to interrupt the steady evolution of modern science from its medieval scholastic form to the more advanced structure of Galileo. A necessary foundation of this claim is, of course, the internal history of science argument, known as the Duhem thesis, which holds that the main ancestry of Galileo's thought is indeed the scholastic natural philosophy of the Middle Ages.

scholarly journals Leo Klejn. [Guidebook]: Volume dedicated to the memory of Leo Samuilovich Кlejn

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Full List ◽  
Public Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
The Middle Ages

This volume is dedicated to the memory of the outstanding humanities scholar Leo S. (Lev Samuilovich) Klejn (1927–2019). A short biographical essay provides an overview of the main landmarks of Klejn’s life and the main stages of his scholarly and pedagogical career. The articles included in the volume reflect a wide range of Klejn’s scholarly interests and his contributions to the fields of theoretical archaeology, history of science, and to the study of a whole number of archaeological cultures from the Neolithic through the Middle Ages. A number of articles deal with Klejn as a field archaeologist, a philologist, a semiotician and an art historian. Particular attention is given to his pedagogical and public activity. A short memoir of Klejn’s adopted son Damir characterizes him as a person. The appendix contains a full list of Klejn’s publications and of main publications about him. The book is designed for a wide range of researchers in the humanities (archaeologists, historians, ethnographers) and experts in allied subjects, humanities degree students, and all readers interested in humanitarian knowledge in general.

Latin parsing grammars from the Carolingian age to the later Middle Ages

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 255-277
Author(s):  
Anna Reinikka
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
The Alps

Abstract This article traces the history of Latin parsing grammars from Late Antiquity up to the 14th century, focusing on the group of texts with the incipit Dominus quae pars. These grammars circulating mainly north of the Alps were intended to be studied at the elementary and intermediate levels of education following the study of the Donatus minor. By asking questions about a chosen headword of each part of speech in turn, the parsing manuals offered a technique which allowed the pupil to put into practice what he had already learnt and the teacher to focus on the information he considered as relevant, including different aspects of morphology, semantics, etymology, prosody or accentuation. A number of novelties introduced into the theoretical grammars also filtered down to the lower levels of teaching. Thus, when a section on syntax began to be incorporated into pedagogical grammars in the 12th century, some syntactical concepts also entered into parsing grammars. From the 13th century onwards, elements of Aristotelian logic and physics were also integrated into the theory of the parts of speech and their syntax in the Dominus quae pars texts.

Ancient and Medieval Animals and Self-recognition: Observations from Early European Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucyna Kostuch ◽  
Beata Wojciechowska ◽  
Sylwia Konarska-Zimnicka
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Mirror Reflection ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract This article presents the oldest European accounts that describe the reactions of animals to their own reflections on the surface of a body of water or in a mirror. The analysed sources will encompass Greco-Roman accounts, including the reception of these accounts in the Middle Ages. While this article belongs to the field of the history of science, it seeks to provide a historical commentary with insights from contemporary studies (the mirror test, MSR). The article presents surviving ancient and medieval accounts about particular animal species that describe their ability or inability to recognise a mirror reflection. The species discussed are the horse, mule, dog, birds (sparrow, partridge, rooster, quail, jackdaw, starling and pheasant), the monkey and tiger. Brief mention is also made of the sheep, pigeon, goose, parrot, raven and cat.

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