scholarly journals Sustainability of Wildlife Tourism: Tourist Perceptions on Threats to Wildlife Tourism in Two State Protected Areas in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
pp. 895-911
Author(s):  
Chiedza Mutanga ◽  
Edson Gandiwa ◽  
Never Muboko ◽  
Oliver Chikuta
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Local People ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Wildlife Tourism ◽  
People Participation

The study sought to determine tourist perceptions on the threats to the sustainability of wildlife tourism using a case study of two state protected areas in Zimbabwe. Using close-ended questionnaires, we collected data from 128 tourists in December 2015. Results show respondents generally perceived all the seven tested threats as serious, i.e., illegal hunting, destruction of wildlife habitats, human-wildlife conflict, lack of involvement of local people in national park tourism, lack of benefits from the national park to local communities, negative attitudes towards tourism by local residents, and poor local community and national park relationships. Moreover, respondents generally had similar perceptions on the impacts of the threats on the sustainability of wildlife tourism regardless of their gender, age, level of education and income. We conclude tourists are more environmentally conscious and well informed of the threats to wildlife tourism in Zimbabwe, which may indicate willingness to support conservation. It is thus necessary for park management to promote local people participation in ecotourism, enhance innovative law enforcement measures as well as motivate tourists to participate in conservation. Results could help broaden policy decision-makers' knowledge base in response to sustainable wildlife tourism development challenges.

scholarly journals Linking Rural Livelihood and Conservation in Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AISDL
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local People ◽  
Biological Conservation ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Lao Cai

Creation of protected areas for biological conservation often conflicts with sustenance of livelihood of local people living inside or nearby regions. Combination between biological conservation and livelihood development has been much remained to be done in protected regions.

scholarly journals Repenser Le Rôle Des Institutions De Conservation De La Nature À L’ère De La Globalisation En Afrique: À Propos Du Parc National De La Salonga (RDC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Mampeta Wabasa Salomon
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Contemporary Management

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the protectionist conservatism influenced by colonialism, which exploited African countries for the prosperity of the colonizing countries, still has a high visibility in the Salonga National Park (PNS). If, in theory, the Central Africans seem to free themselves from the colonial powers on their land, in practice they are still there. The hostility of settlers who have become neo-colonists to the development of Central Africa remains intact, he adds (Ndinga, 2003). This reflects a "logic from above" that has disregarded local values. Yet, in the era of sustainable development and globalization, African protected areas appear to be essential tools for States to reposition themselves in a complex set of actors with the aim of capturing and using the new environmental rent (Giraut, Guyot, & Houssay-Holzschuch, 2003). This is a "bottom-up logic", placing people at the heart of all activities and aiming to reorganize their long-term relationships with the environment. From these two logics, a third "logic from the other side" emerges, reflecting a collective awareness of the fragility of the planet. The restoration of the rights of Africans in the various national frameworks constitutes a major challenge for the contemporary management of African protected areas. Because the protected areas inherited from the different colonial systems must accompany the change in management methods and the redefinition of their functions in order to better serve the local community in the long-term.

scholarly journals Conservation narratives and conflicts over protected areas in post-socialist Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-104
Author(s):  
Marie Louise Aastrup
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Post Communism

Environmental protection is never a controversy-free endeavor. Conflicts arise over land ownership, use, and access. Political ecologists have paid extensive attention to protected areas, especially in relation to power, rights, and marginalized peoples. This article draws on political ecology to examine a new proposed national park in the context of post-communism and neoliberalization in Romania. Using mixed-methods (semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and participant observation), this research investigates conservation narratives as articulated by different actors (environmental non-governmental organizations, local decision-makers, and local community members) with various levels of involvement in the proposed national park. Three chief narratives can be observed pertaining to tourism, restrictions, and deforestation. These narratives are embedded in the history and socio-economic context of the area, but also reveal the agendas of different actors regarding landscape values. Assessing these narratives, this research reveals how actors position themselves and the points of contention among the different actors in the brewing conflict that the national park represents.Keywords: Political ecology, conservation, conflict, power

scholarly journals The social economy of rhino poaching: Of economic freedom fighters, professional hunters and marginalized local people

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette M Hübschle
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Local People ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Freedom Fighters ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rhino Poaching

In light of the high incidence of rhino poaching in southern Africa, the African rhinoceros might become extinct in the wild in the near future. Scholars from a variety of disciplines have analysed drivers of illegal hunting and poaching behaviour in general terms. Existing scholarship on rhino poaching proffers a simplistic concurrence of interlinked drivers, including the entry of transnational organized crime into wildlife crime, opportunity structures and the endemic poverty facing people living close to protected areas. By engaging with the lived experiences and social worlds of poachers and rural communities, this article reflects on empirical evidence gathered during ethnographic fieldwork with poachers, prisoners and local people living near the Kruger National Park. It is argued that the socio-political and historical context and continued marginalization of local people are significant factors facilitating poaching decisions at the grassroots level. Green land grabs and the systematic exclusion of local people from protected areas, as well as the growing securitization of anti-poaching responses, are aiding the perception that the wild animal is valued more highly than black rural lives. As a consequence, conservationists and law enforcers are viewed with disdain and struggle to obtain cooperation. The article critiques the current fortress conservation paradigm, which assumes conflict-laden relationships between local people and wildlife.

scholarly journals Wildlife Use Versus Local Gain: The Reciprocity of Conservation and Wildlife Tourism in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
pp. 259-273
Author(s):  
Talent Mudimba
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Wildlife Tourism ◽  
Wildlife Use ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Victoria Falls

This study examined wildlife use versus local community gain in Protected Areas of Victoria Falls – Zimbabwe. Specifically, the study explored the reciprocity of conservation and wildlife tourism in Victoria Falls to determine the cost-benefit of Human Wild Coexistence within conservation goals and local communities’ welfare paradigms. To fulfil the key objective, the study gathered data from 365 local residents, which was supplemented with interviews from key resource persons. The study found that host communities in PAs are substantially still marginalised, and this exclusionary approach has resulted in increased local residents’ negative attitudes towards conservation tourism, making them (locals) to view tourism as insignificant in their local economy mainstreams. Nonetheless, conservation tourism has the potential to develop sustainably in PAs if there are transparency, accountability and renewed cooperation among all the tourism stakeholders who are involved in the decision-making processes. Concepts that provide new directions for public policy for inclusive participation, environmental justice and sustainability are highly contested in the study.

ASSESSMENT OF PRIMARY FACTORS CAUSING POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE LOCAL PERCEPTIONS ON PROTECTED AREAS/SVARBIAUSIŲ VEIKSNIŲ, LEMIANČIŲ ATSAKOMYBĘ DĖL VEIKLOS SAUGOMOSE TERITORIJOSE, ĮVERTINIMAS/ ОЦЕНКА ГЛАВНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ, ОБУСЛАВЛИВАЮЩИХ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ ЗА ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ НА ОХРАНЯЕМЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Alkan ◽  
Mehmet Korkmaz ◽  
Ahmet Tolunay
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local People ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Local Perceptions ◽  
Local Participation ◽  
Knowledge Levels ◽  
Significant Obstacle ◽  
Local Awareness

The protection of natural resources by strict rules at various legal statuses can generally cause damnification for the local people who are the users of this resource. In case the benefit loss that happens by reason of the prohibitions and limitations that are brought related to the usage of the resource is not corrected and local awareness is not created; negative local perceptions can come out pertinent to this resource and in connection with this, hostile attitudes arise related to the resource that is taken under protection. This case is a significant obstacle in front of being able to provide local participation for resource management. In this study the factors that negatively or positively affected the formation of the perceptions of the local people related to the protected areas are studied with the example of Kovada Lake National Park (KLNP). According to the findings of the study, while 25% of the local people have a positive perception on Kovada Lake National Park, the rest has a negative perception. Statistically significant differences have been found between these two groups whose perceptions show differences in terms of the knowledge levels related to the National Park and some losses of benefit that they had for benefiting from it. Santrauka Dėl griežtų teisėsaugos institucijų taikomų gamtinių išteklių apsaugos taisyklių asmenys, naudojantys šiuos išteklius, gali patirti žalos. Dėl draudimų ir ribojimų prarandama nauda negrįžta, neišugdomas ir sąmoningumas. Pateikiamas kliūties, trukdančios vietiniams žmonėms dalyvauti išteklių valdyme, pavyzdys. Veiksniai, teigiamai ar neigiamai veikiantys vietinių žmonių sąmoningumą dėl saugomos teritorijos formavimo, analizuojami Kovados ežero nacionalinio parko pavyzdžiu. Tyrimų duomenimis, 25 % vietinių gyventojų teigiamai vertino Kovados ežero nacionalinio parko apsaugą, kiti – neigiamai. Statistiškai reikšminiai šių dviejų grupių vertinimo skirtumai buvo rasti pagal suvokimą, grįstą žiniomis apie nacionalinį parką ir praradus naudą. Резюме Охрана природных ископаемых на основании строгих правил, диктуемых различными природоохранными учреждениями, может наносить урон лицам, применяющим эти ископаемые. Из-за запретов и ограничений теряется польза от использования ископаемых и в то же время не воспитывается сознательное отношение к охраняемым территориям. В статье представлен пример главных факторов, мешающих местным жителям участвовать в управлении ископаемыми. Факторы, оказывающие положительное или отрицательное воздействие на формирование сознательного отношения местных жителей к охраняемым территориям, анализируются на примере национального парка озера Ковада. На основании данных исследований 25% местных жителей положительно оценивают охрану национального парка озера Ковада, остальные – отрицательно. Статистически значимые различия найдены между этими двумя группами людей, чье представление основано на знаниях о национальном парке и наносимом ущербе.

Exploring Creative Tourism Potential in Protected Areas: The Kruger National Park Case

2020 ◽  
pp. 109634802098353
Author(s):  
Jan-Albert Wessels ◽  
Anneli Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Tourism Potential

Creative tourism strategies are often adopted by destinations as a result of its appeal to policy makers, without a serious assessment of tourists’ needs. Although there are significant cultural and heritage resources in and on the periphery of the Kruger National Park (KNP), these resources seem to be inadequately harnessed. The aim of the article is thus to explore the potential of creative tourism as a medium to harness cultural and heritage resources in the KNP by measuring the importance of local community (cultural tourism) elements to tourists when visiting the KNP. Convenience sampling is used to distribute questionnaires to tourists, and 201 responses are used in the data analysis. The results indicate that respondents have a neutral opinion regarding the importance of local community aspects, and recommendations are made to exploit the untapped potential for creative tourism. This study adds to the current debate on creative tourism by assessing its role in protected areas.

scholarly journals Influence of Tangible Ecosystem Goods Encroachment on Host Community Well-being: A Case of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Wanyera F. ◽  
Mutugi C.R. ◽  
Nadjima D. ◽  
Gichuki N.
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Community Wellbeing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ecosystem Size

The study was set out to investigate how encroachment on ecosystem tangible goods improves the host community well-being. The problem was that over harvesting of the tangible goods resulted in the degradation of the ecosystem and thus affected the quality and quantity of the tangible goods harvested and thus negatively affected the host community's wellbeing. The study had threefold objectives and these were; to describe the ecosystem destruction trends; to determine the driving forces behind the encroachment of the park ecosystems and, to ascertain the different ecosystem tangible goods harvested from the park. The literature of the study focused on local community wellbeing and encroachment as well as the causes of rampant encroachment of the ecosystems both in unprotected areas and in protected areas. The methodology of this study was majorly descriptive and considered the population of 40 households and a sample of 32 households as well the household used as a sampling unit. The results indicated that encroachment on ecosystems occurred and as a result the ecosystem size dwindled over the past three decades. Also, the results revealed that the major cause of this encroachment was scarcity of land and poverty. Whereas the most demanded ecosystem resources were timber and fuel wood. It was concluded that because there was no wellbeing amongst the host community due to poverty and scarcity of land, they were forced to encroach on the ecosystem resources. It was therefore recommended that the park and host community should find mechanisms to empower the host community in order to minimize encroachment rates.

Illegal hunting and protected areas: Tourist perceptions on wild animal poisoning in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Never Muboko ◽  
Edson Gandiwa ◽  
Victor Muposhi ◽  
Tawanda Tarakini
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Hwange National Park
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