scholarly journals Latin America in the fight against the Coronavirus crisis: The impact on economic and political stability in the region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
O. V. Volosyuk ◽  
N. A. Shkolyar
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Measures

The world has entered the third decade of the century, gripped by the global crisis and the COVID-19. These specific conditions have undermined the development and sustainability of the less prepared countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LCA). The authors show that the COVID-19 pandemic was the largest shock for the LCA countries in the social and economic spheres. Before the pandemic, the LCA states had rather modest indicators of economic development. They were strongly influenced by external factors of protectionism opposition to the free trade and the looming global economic crisis. They have accumulated deep internal contradictions of social inequality and low domestic demand. The economic situation in the LCA countries has become even more complicated due to the development of a pandemic in 2020-2021: it was characterized by a halt or decline in economic activity, growing budget deficit and public debt, decline in domestic demand for goods and services, decreasing export revenues, declining investments, businesses closure, rising unemployment and poverty. To contain the spread of coronavirus, prevent overstrain of health systems and reduce human losses, the LCA governments took a number of measures to overcome the COVID-19 crisis, which came down to general measures of population social support and direct measures against the spread of the pandemic, including vaccination which has become an issue of utmost importance in the absence of local vaccines and a shortage of purchased vaccines or delivered under the COVAX program. However, as it is shown in the article, the measures taken by the LCA states to protect the population and the economy from the strikes of the pandemic are insufficient; vaccination programs are almost completely dependent on external vaccine manufacturers and international assistance.

Public debts of Arab countries: selected indicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Gabi El-Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Debt Service ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Debts

This statistical file is concerned with the issue of public debts in Arab countries. It assumes that public debt is a key source to fund the budget deficit in most Arab countries, and the rising public debt, particularly external debt, is increasingly becoming a concern for several countries in the region due to the pressure debt servicing might impose on these countries, which basically suffer an uncomfortable primary balance, in addition to the impact of crises in the region. Table 1 provides indicators on domestic public debts with ratios of debts to GDP, while Table 2 gives figures of external public debts with debt ratios to GDP. Table 3 provides estimates of total public debts with their ratios to GDP, while Tables 4 and 5 show figures of external public debt service, ratios of debt servicing to exports of goods and services and external public debt service ratios to Arab governments’ revenues respectively.

Fiscal Deficit and Economic Growth in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebney Ayaj Rana ◽  
Abu N. M. Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Budget Deficit

The economy of Bangladesh is currently going through a period of continuous budget deficit. The present data suggest that the government budget deficit, on average, is nearly 5% of the country’s GDP. This has been true since the early 2000s. To finance this deficit, governments have been borrowing largely from domestic and foreign sources resulting in inflationary pressure on one hand, and crowding out of private investments on the other. During the same period, although the economy has grown steadily at a rate of more than 6%, this growth is less than the potential. This article presents an econometric study of the impact of government budget deficits on the economic growth of Bangladesh. We conduct a time-series analysis using ordinary least squares estimation, vector error correction model, and granger causality test. The findings suggest that the government budget deficit has statistically significant negative impact on economic growth in Bangladesh. Policy implications of our findings include reestablishing the rule of law, political stability in the country, restructuring tax structure, closing tax loopholes, and harmonizing fiscal policy with monetary policy to attract additional domestic and foreign investment.

scholarly journals Importancia de la educación ambiental en la gestión del riesgo socio-natural en cinco países de América Latina y el Caribe

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Martha Melizza Ordóñez-Díaz ◽  
Luisa María Montes-Arias ◽  
Giovanna Del Pilar Garzón-Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Legislative Organization ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Post Disaster

Considering environmental education as a social tool allowing individuals to achieve a significant knowledge of the inhabited environment, to reduce the probability of occurrence of a disaster, and to respond to the presence of natural phenomena to which people are vulnerable, this article aims to generate a space for reflection on the importance of environmental education in the management of the social and natural risk in five countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. For this purpose, the paper presents a descriptive review of primary and secondary bibliographical sources referring to the performance of the management of social and natural risks related to environmental education in Colombia, Nicaragua, Mexico, Chile, and Jamaica between 1994 and 2015. In this period, a solid administrative and legislative organization of this management and environmental education is evident, but these two themes are clearly separated when implementing citizen projects: a situation that has generated shortcomings in the management of natural disasters, specifically under the principles of precaution and prevention. For this reason, this article offers a series of recommendations that include the dissemination of information, the creation of centers for the management of risk reduction, the strengthening of communication strategies, and the establishment of response plans and post-disaster recovery. 

Extending influenza vaccination to individuals aged 50–64: A budget impact analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Americo Cicchetti ◽  
Matteo Ruggeri ◽  
Lara Gitto ◽  
Francesco Saverio Mennini
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Budget Impact ◽  
Budget Impact Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Coverage Level ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Influenza (vernacular name, flu) is a viral infection that causes a high consumption of resources. Several studies have been carried out to provide an economic evaluation of the vaccination programs against influenza. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of evidence about the dynamic effects resulting from the reduction of the transmission power. This study considers the impact on contagiousness of alternative strategies against influenza in people aged 50–64 in Italy, France, Germany, and Spain.Methods: By using the Influsim 2.0 dynamic model, we have determined the social benefits of different coverage levels in every country compared with the ones currently recommended. We have subsequently performed a Budget Impact Analysis to determine whether the currently recommended coverage results from an optimal budget allocation. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was also conducted.Results: We found that in Germany, the optimal coverage level is 38.5 percent, in France 32.4 percent, in Italy 32.75 percent, and 28.3 percent in Spain. By extending the coverage level, social saving tends to increase up to 100 percent for France and Italy and up to 80 percent for Germany and Spain.Conclusions: Decision makers should allocate the budget for vaccination against influenza consistently with the estimation of the optimal coverage level and with the dynamic effects resulting from the reduction of the transmission power.

scholarly journals Dementia Research in the Caribbean Hispanic Islands: Present Findings and Future Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Acosta ◽  
Jorge J. Llibre-Guerra ◽  
Ivonne Z. Jiménez-Velázquez ◽  
Juan J. Llibre-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Regional Strategies ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact

During the last decade, the Caribbean Hispanic islands experienced accelerated demographic aging, representing the fastest aging region within Latin America. Age-related non-communicable diseases, including dementia, are now reported at high prevalence. The Caribbean islands share similar genetic ancestry, culture, migration patterns, and risk profiles, providing a unique setting to understand dementia in the Caribbean-Hispanics. This perspective article aimed to describe the impact of dementia in the Caribbean, at a local and regional level and reflect on research strategies to address dementia. We report on 10/66 project findings, described research projects and regional plans for the region. According to our results, the prevalence of dementia in the Caribbean is the highest in Latin America, with 11.7% in Dominican Republic, 11.6% in Puerto Rico, and 10.8% in Cuba. Preliminary data from new waves of the 10/66 study shows increasing numbers of dementia cases. Furthermore, dementia is expected to be one of the most serious medical and social issues confronted by Caribbean health systems. However, there is a scarcity of knowledge, awareness, and health services to deal with this public health crisis. In light of the new evidence, local and regional strategies are underway to better understand dementia trends for the region and develop policies aimed to decrease the impact of dementia. Implementation of our national plans is critical to deal with an aging population with high dementia rates. Current recommendations include emphasizing public health prevention campaigns to address modifiable risk factors and expand support to caregiver and family interventions.

Social, Political, and Environmental Impacts in Latin America

2018 ◽  
pp. 284-318
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Caribbean

Rather less has been written about the social, political, and environmental impacts of China on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) than the economic impacts. In terms of social impacts, the chapter considers the effects in terms of both employment and the way in which Chinese companies in the extractive industries have affected local communities. In LAC, discussion of the political implications have mainly focussed on whether or not China’s growing presence represents a threat to US interests in the region, but there is no evidence that China is exercising undue political influence in the region as the case studies of Brazil and Venezuela illustrate. There is little systematic evidence concerning the environmental impacts, although the case of soybeans illustrates the potential negative consequences of growing demand from China.

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