scholarly journals Analysis and Detection of Nephrolithiasis using Imaging Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Smiti Tripathy ◽  
R Sivakumar ◽  
Simran Nair ◽  
TM Inbamalar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Renal Structure ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Exact Size

Nephrolithiasis (kidney stone) is a disease which affects 7% of females and 11% of males at some stage in their life. Early identification of Nephrolithiasis is necessary to avoid complications. Imaging techniques form the basis for the detection of kidney stones and aid in locating the position, size, and the number of stones present in the renal structure. This paper reports an extensive analysis of recent trends in the detection of Nephrolithiasis using Imaging techniques. Since Computed Tomography (CT) and ultrasound imaging are commonly used in the medical field, analysis of both the methods is considered in this paper. The detailed study on various methodologies and algorithms that have been adopted on CT and ultrasound images in recent years in locating kidney stones, finding the exact size of the stones based on pixel count, enhancing image quality, obtaining better de-speckling, faster segmentation, and pre-processing of the renal images has been carried out. Based on the analysis, an artificial intelligence-based approach is proposed that will aid the medical practitioner for faster, accurate detection of Nephrolithiasis and a technique to reduce the exposure of radiation in Computed Tomography Imaging. Further, it is concluded that ultrasound techniques can be employed subsequently for preliminary diagnosis through CT if the medical practitioner recommends.

scholarly journals A changing understanding in the presentation of patients with hepatoportal venous gas: a case report

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. e9-e10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Evans ◽  
Chris Craig
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Abdominal Sepsis ◽  
Patient Assessment ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
Prognostic Sign ◽  
Radiological Evidence

Often believed to be a poor prognostic sign, hepatoportal venous gas (HPVG) has been associated with massive intra-abdominal sepsis. It is more frequently detected as computed tomography imaging techniques improve. A patient presenting with radiological evidence of HPVG is discussed and the literature reviewed. This study aims to highlight the increasing understanding that HPVG may sometimes follow a more indolent course than previously believed. Patient assessment is the key in selecting those who need urgent laparotomy.

scholarly journals Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques in Arterial Injuries

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Adler ◽  
Patrick Hangge ◽  
Hassan Albadawi ◽  
M-Grace Knuttinen ◽  
Sadeer Alzubaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
Arterial Injuries ◽  
Multi Detector Computed Tomography

Pediatric computed tomography imaging guideline

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 998-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Young ◽  
Catherine M Owens
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Radiation Reduction ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Ct Radiation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Imaging Guideline

The use of computed tomography (CT) in pediatric diagnostic imaging is demanding generally, but when coupled with an awareness to limit the radiation dose associated with this imaging modality, the procedure becomes challenging. Although new techniques have been developed in line with the introduction of faster multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanners to aid radiation reduction, it still remains the responsibility of the clinical practitioner to ensure each examination request is justified and the scanning protocol and parameters selected are optimized to the individual patient's requirement. It is the purpose of this article to outline the basic principle of CT radiation dose optimization based on modification of scanning parameters and application of different imaging techniques.

Integration Between Computed Tomography and Nuclear Medicine for Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Anatomy and Myocardial Perfusion

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Wanda Acampa ◽  
Mario Petretta ◽  
Carmela Nappi ◽  
Alberto Cuocolo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Anatomy ◽  
Non Invasive

Many non-invasive imaging techniques are available for the evaluation of patients with known or suspected coronary heart disease. Among these, computed-tomography-based techniques allow the quantification of coronary atherosclerotic calcium and non-invasive imaging of coronary arteries, whereas nuclear cardiology is the most widely used non-invasive approach for the assessment of myocardial perfusion. The available single-photon-emission computed tomography flow agents are characterised by a cardiac uptake proportional to myocardial blood flow. In addition, different positron emission tomography tracers may be used for the quantitative measurement of myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve. Extensive research is being performed in the development of non-invasive coronary angiography and myocardial perfusion imaging using cardiac magnetic resonance. Finally, new multimodality imaging systems have recently been developed bringing together anatomical and functional information. This article provides a description of the available non-invasive imaging techniques in the assessment of coronary anatomy and myocardial perfusion in patients with known or suspected coronary heart disease.

Trends in Nanotechnology for in vivo Cancer Diagnosis: Products and Patents

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 2167-2181
Author(s):  
Tatielle do Nascimento ◽  
Melanie Tavares ◽  
Mariana S.S.B. Monteiro ◽  
Ralph Santos-Oliveira ◽  
Adriane R. Todeschini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Tumor Detection ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology

Background: Cancer is a set of diseases formed by abnormal growth of cells leading to the formation of the tumor. The diagnosis can be made through symptoms’ evaluation or imaging tests, however, the techniques are limited and the tumor detection may be late. Thus, pharmaceutical nanotechnology has emerged to optimize the cancer diagnosis through nanostructured contrast agent’s development. Objective: This review aims to identify commercialized nanomedicines and patents for cancer diagnosis. Methods: The databases used for scientific articles research were Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo and Lilacs. Research on companies’ websites and articles for the recognition of commercial nanomedicines was performed. The Derwent tool was applied for patent research. Results: This article aimed to research on nanosystems based on nanoparticles, dendrimers, liposomes, composites and quantum dots, associated to imaging techniques. Commercialized products based on metal and composite nanoparticles, associated with magnetic resonance and computed tomography, have been observed. The research conducted through Derwent tool displayed a small number of patents using nanotechnology for cancer diagnosis. Among these patents, the most significant number was related to the use of systems based on metal nanoparticles, composites and quantum dots. Conclusion: Although few systems are found in the market and patented, nanotechnology appears as a promising field for the development of new nanosystems in order to optimize and accelerate the cancer diagnosis.

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