scholarly journals Geochemical - geology characteristics implicating original sources and copper - deposit type in Kon Ra ore - field

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
Niem Van Nguyen ◽  
Dung Tien Nguyen ◽  
Duan Tran ◽  
Tu Trong Mai ◽  
Nguyen Duc Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Metasomatic Process ◽  
Geochemical Zoning ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Deposit Type ◽  
Outer Contact

Based on the research results on petrographic - mineralogical characteristics, tectonic structural features, geochemistry of major and trace elements of the bedrock, alternative rock, ore, soil, mineralogical geochemistry, mineral facies, inclusions, the origin of ore formation related to oxidized granite and skarnoid - typed metasomatic process in Kon Ra copper ore field have been identified. Petrological and mineral characteristics indicate the process of transitional metasomatism between the skarn and hornfels, also known as bimetasomatic stage (skarnoid deposit type). Diopxite represents the Progade skarnoid stage. Tremolite, actinolite, quartz, chlorite, magnetite, molybdenite, less of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite indicate the retrogade skarnoid stage. The following is sulfide - quartz stage (major minerals include: quartz, chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, molybdenite). This result is also consistent with the formation temperature 210÷270 0C and the geochemical zoning of elements from intrusive blocks through the outer contact zone that contains the ore and surrounding rocks are as follows: Cu, Zn, Ca (the zone has lime-rich formations), Fe3+, Mo increases in the outer contact zone containing ore closed to acid intrusive rocks. Inversely, the ratios of Pb/Cu, Zn/Cu, and As content increased in the alteration from this zone to the outer one. In addition, uranium mineralization is associated with a later magma stage (pegmatite granite in endo-contact is high uranium radiation: U = 0.17÷0.2%, 3,420,000÷8,020,000 µR/h and contains uraninite).

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF COPPER DEPOSITS PROSPECT IN WAI WAJO AREA OF SIKKA REGENCY, EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Bambang Pardiarto
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Vein ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Geologic Mapping ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Copper Deposits ◽  
Tholeiitic Magma ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Deposit Type

Lowo Deba prospect in Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province shows significant evidences for copper deposit. The prospect is discovered by joint cooperation activity between Directorate of Mineral Resources Inventory (DMRI) and Korea Resources Corporation (KORES) in the systematic exploration program. The evaluation based on the quantitative analysis of rock and mineral characteristics as well as geologic mapping, petrography, mineragraphy, fluid inclusion, spectra analysis (PIMA), geochemical and geophysical data. The geology of the prospect area consists of Miocene volcanics of Kiro Formation and Tanahau Formation, intrusion of granodiorite and Quaternary volcanics. The volcanic rock shows the characteristic of tholeiitic magma. The predominant system of lineaments in the prospect area tends to be NE-SW trend. This fault structure appears to have closely relationship with the mineralization in Lowo Deba prospect. The mineralization and alteration outcrops appear to be structural controlled to form epithermal deposit type. Most of the mineralizations are hosted by phyllic – argillic altered andesitic to dacitic tuff which is intruded by granodiorite. Rock samples indicate the mineralization type is quartz vein containing chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, covellite and pyrite. The best grade revealed from these altered rocks of 6,980 ppm Cu and 50 ppb Au, and from quartz vein of 4,868 ppm Cu and 57 ppb Au. Mineralization stages evolved from initial higher temperatures (> 320° C) to later lower temperatures (near 170° C).  Soil geochemical analysis identify two zones of combined anomaly i.e. Au-Cu-Mo and AgPb-Zn. Those anomalies are concentrated in the phyllic and argillic altered andesitic tuff. These soil anomaly coincide with IP anomalies which are found in electrode separation index of n=5 and n=7 in line WA7 with chargeability value up to 405.7 Msec and resistivity value of 37.7 Ohm-m. In general high chargeability and low resistivity anomalies are developed in the direction of southwest to northeast and still open to the northeast. The high chargeability value allows to predict the occurrence of copper deposits potential. Some bore holes are proposed for the next survey to confirm the presence of new copper deposits in the prospect area.

scholarly journals Fluid Infiltration and Mass Transfer along a Lamprophyre Dyke–Marble Contact: An Example from the South-Western Korean Peninsula

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Jungrae Noh ◽  
Changyeob Kim ◽  
Vinod O. Samuel ◽  
Yirang Jang ◽  
Seung-Ik Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Dolomitic Marble ◽  
Fluid Infiltration ◽  
High K ◽  
Geochemical Variations ◽  
Gyeonggi Massif ◽  
Fluid Phase Equilibria ◽  
K Activity

In this contribution, we report the metasomatic characteristics of a lamprophyre dyke–marble contact zone from the Hongseong–Imjingang belt along the western Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea. The lamprophyre dyke intruded into the dolomitic marble, forming a serpentinized contact zone. The zone consists of olivine, serpentine, calcite, dolomite, biotite, spinel, and hematite. Minor F and Cl contents in the serpentine and biotite indicate the composition of the infiltrating H2O-CO2 fluid. SiO2 (12.42 wt %), FeO (1.83 wt %), K2O (0.03 wt %), Sr (89 ppm), U (0.7 ppm), Th (1.44 ppm), and rare earth elements (REEs) are highly mobile, while Zr, Cr, and Ba are moderately mobile in the fluid. Phase equilibria modelling suggests that the olivine, spinel, biotite, and calcite assemblage might be formed by the dissolution of dolomite at ~700 °C, 130 MPa. Such modelling requires stable diopside in the observed conditions in the presence of silica-saturated fluid. The lack of diopside in the metasomatized region is due to the high K activity of the fluid. Our log activity K2O (aK2O)–temperature pseudosection shows that at aK2O~−40, the olivine, spinel, biotite, and calcite assemblage is stable without diopside. Subsequently, at ~450 °C, 130 MPa, serpentine is formed due to the infiltration of H2O during the cooling of the lamprophyre dyke. This suggests that hot H2O-CO2 fluids with dissolved major and trace elements infiltrated through fractures, grain boundaries, and micron-scale porosity, which dissolved dolomite in the marble and precipitated the observed olivine-bearing peak metasomatic assemblage. During cooling, exsolved CO2 could increase the water activity to stabilize the serpentine. Our example implies that dissolution-reprecipitation is an important process, locally and regionally, that could impart important textural and geochemical variations in metasomatized rocks.

Major and minor element lithogeochemical anomalies surrounding the Louvem copper deposit, Val d'Or, Quebec

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Spitz ◽  
Richard Darling
Keyword(s):  
Major Element ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Ore Deposit ◽  
Chemical Zoning ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Volcanogenic Deposits ◽  
Alteration Pattern

Major element distributions in meta-rhyodacitic flows and fragmental rocks surrounding the Louvem volcanogenic copper deposit show a broad linear anomaly parallel to the local strike. At least 420 m long and up to 210 m wide, this altered area contains rocks that have high Fe+2, S, and low Na2O, CaO, and CO2 values. Included in the central portion of this large anomaly is a 100 m by 50 m highly altered area that contains rocks with high H2O and MgO values and crudely outlines the ore deposit.Element-ratio maps and a map showing percentage peraluminous character all display easily recognizable anomalies that mark the zone of altered rocks enclosing the ore deposit. Of the element ratios investigated at Louvem, Al2O3/Na2O appears to offer the most practical tool for mineral exploration.The chemical zoning of the altered fragmental layer that includes the copper ore is symmetrical about the long axis of the stratigraphically concordant orebody, but in a longitudinal direction this symmetry is absent. Instead, the alteration changes progressively from dominantly chloritic at the western end to pyritic at the eastern end of the study area. This alteration pattern seems to suggest that ore deposition was effected by hydrothermal solutions moving along the layer of now-altered fragmental rocks. By analogy with the chloritic alteration pipes underlying pyritic volcanogenic deposits, it seems probable that the direction of fluid flow was from west to east.

Smelting Copper Ore from Rudna Glava, Yugoslavia

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Tylecote ◽  
P. T. Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Copper Mine ◽  
Iron Mine ◽  
Chalcolithic Period ◽  
Copper Ores

Jovanovič has recently drawn attention to the early copper mine at Rudna Glava in the copper mining area of Maidanpek-Bor in Eastern Serbia (Jovanovič 1979, 103). This copper deposit has iron associated with it. In some respects this occurrence of iron and copper together compares with the deposit at Phalabora in South Africa where copper and other minerals are mined today. Rudna Glava has been a copper mine in the Chalcolithic period and an iron mine in the Turkish period. Today it is worked out, but the working of the iron ore has left exposed some of the shafts and galleries used by Chalcolithic and Bronze Age copper miners. It has been possible to obtain a sample of the copper ores used in the early periods and integrate them into a smelting programme (Tylecote et al. 1977, 305), the main purpose of which has been to determine the partitioning of the three elements between the ore, the slag and the metal. The object of this exercise was to try and relate the artefacts, the slag, and metal to the ore source. So far, ores from the British Isles, Spain, and Africa have been examined and reported (Tylecote 1977). The sample from Yugoslavia came rather too late for the first report but the work is continuing.The smelting work described in this report was carried out by Ali Ghaznavi and the analyses were kindly made by R. Hetherington formerly of Newcastle University and Dr P. T. Craddock of the British Museum Research Laboratory. I have to thank Dr B. Jovanovič of the Archaeological Institute, Belgrade, for supplying the material and inspiring the work.

HYPOGENE ALUNITE FROM THE EL SALVADOR DISTRICT, CHILE, INDICATES POTENTIAL FOR A BLIND PORPHYRY COPPER CENTER

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Hedenquist ◽  
Yasushi Watanabe ◽  
Antonio Arribas
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Porphyry Copper ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Porphyry Copper Deposits ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Copper Mineralization ◽  
Alteration Minerals ◽  
Porphyry Copper Mineralization ◽  
Granodiorite Porphyry

Abstract Surface samples of hypogene alunite that cement late breccia bodies from the El Salvador porphyry copper district of Chile were recently dated. One alunite sample over the principal Turquoise Gulch porphyry deposit has a 40Ar/39Ar total gas age of 40.64 ± 1.04 Ma, overlapping the age of a late latite intrusion. Two other samples associated with quartz-alunite replacement of rhyolite, ~750 m southwest of the collapse zone over the block cave of the porphyry copper deposit, are distinctly younger, at 38.12 ± 0.66 and 38.04 ± 0.22 Ma (averages of duplicate analyses, with ±2σ errors). Previously reported U/Pb ages of zircons from 15 Eocene-age diorite, granodiorite, and granite porphyry intrusions have weighted mean ages that range from about 44 to 41 Ma, with peak magmatic flux interpreted at 44 to 43 Ma. Porphyry copper ores in the El Salvador district formed at about the same time as porphyry intrusions, with intrusive centers that migrated in a south-southwest direction, from the small deposits at Cerro Pelado (~44.2 Ma), to Old Camp (~43.6 Ma) and M Gulch-Copper Hill (~43.5–43.1 Ma), to the main ore deposit at Turquoise Gulch (~42 Ma). The granodiorite porphyry intrusions at Turquoise Gulch are associated with ~80% of the known copper ore of the district; they record waning stages of magmatism at 42.5 to 42.0 Ma, followed by weakly altered latite dikes at 41.6 Ma. Molybdenite in quartz veins returned Re-Os ages of 41.8 to 41.2 Ma. The two alunite samples from our study with coincident dates of ~38 Ma provide evidence for magmatic-hydrothermal activity younger than any recognized to date, consistent with the alteration overprint of quartz-alunite on older muscovite after erosion. This younger activity must have been associated with a blind intrusion, likely located south of the Turquoise Gulch deposit, based on the distribution of alteration minerals, and offset from the zoning associated with the Turquoise Gulch center. Stable isotope values (δ34S, δ18O, δD) of the ~38 Ma alunite indicate a high-temperature hypogene origin, consistent with formation in a lithocap environment that typically is located at shallow levels over and on the shoulders of porphyry copper deposits. Both observations—alteration overprint and markedly younger age of alunite—indicate the potential for porphyry copper mineralization south of Granite Gulch, as much as 1,000 m below the level of the coeval outcropping quartz-alunite replacement, perhaps near ~2,000-m elevation; this is hundreds of meters deeper than the known copper ore of Turquoise Gulch.

INVESTIGATION OF LEAVE LEVEL OF COPPER ORE OF ZHEZKAZGAN DEPOSIT

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
N. Zhalgasuly ◽  
A. V. Kogut ◽  
A. A. Ismailova
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Secondary Development ◽  
Underground Leaching ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Sulphide Ore ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
Annual Productivity ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
Copper Ores

In the conditions of the Zhezkazgan copper deposit, which is worked underground, the losses of ore in the left pillars fluctuate from 12 to  25 %, sometimes reaching 40%. During the development of the  Zhezkazgan deposit, tens of millions of tons of rich ore were left in  various kinds of losses. The annual increase in ore losses in various  parts, taking into account the increasing production, is  approximately equal to the annual productivity of the whole mine.  Also in the production process so far rich in content of the interlayer  copper ores of low power. Therefore, the search for the most  effective methods of mining lost, off-balance and waste ores is of  paramount importance. One of such methods is underground  leaching, which allows to carry out their secondary development and make maximum use of the mineral wealth. The aim of the research  was to experimentally study the leaching of oxidized, mixed and  sulphide copper ores of the old spent mines in the Zhezkazgan deposit using various solvents. The squeezing of oxide  and sulphide rudes was carried out in 2 stages, when the durability  of the experimental crests was 35 hours and the durable 294 hours.  The oxidant-sulphide ore is 20 mm high and can be cured at 50-80  % media, for 10 months. For the period of time, the chalcocin rudus  is derived from 30 to 50 % of media, and from 5 to 12 % of bernital  chalcopyrite, which results in the effectiveness of the subsequent  method of squeezing the effluent. The best dissolves are acidic acid  (5-10 g/l) and acidified sulphate oxide (5 g/l). Residual cystic acid  production and development of oxidant processes up to 1.6-3.2 t/t  for medium oxidized rudder and up to 2.54.1 t/t for chalcocin rudder, which acts as a catalyst for thawing technical and economic indicators.

Geological characteristics, deposit type, and metallogenic epoch of the Katebasu gold-copper deposit in western Tianshan

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhua Liu ◽  
Yixiao Han ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Xuanxue Mo ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Geological Characteristics ◽  
Western Tianshan ◽  
Deposit Type ◽  
Metallogenic Epoch

Research on Characteristics of Ore-Forming Fluids of Dahongshan Copper Ore Deposit

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1014-1017
Author(s):  
Ming Guo Deng ◽  
Chang Liang Lv ◽  
Lei Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Liquid Composition ◽  
Mineral Inclusion ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Homogenization Temperatures ◽  
Peak Value

This paper analyzes the fluid inclusions, micro-thermometry, the pressure, salinity and pH of ore-forming solution, and isotopes of H and O, C and O of the Dahongshan copper deposit in Yunnan Province. The result shows that these inclusions are dominated by liquids (LH2O), gases and liquids (LH2O+VH2O), and daughter mineral-bearing (LH2O+VH2O+SNaCl) three-phase ones and the liquid inclusion accounts for about 50%, and the liquid composition mainly include Na+,K+,F-,Cl-. Homogenization temperatures at the early stage vary from 290°C to 330°C, with the peak value around 350°C, while at the late stage the figures vary from 160°C to 250°C, with the peak value 250°C. The general salinity ranges from 16.0 wt% to 35.9wt%, and the maximum reaches 45wt%. The value of δ18OH2O and δD in the mineral inclusion ranges from-1.15% to 6.61% and from-58% to-78% respectively. These isotopic data imply that the ore-forming fluids were mainly derived from the magmatic water, the metamorphic water and the meteoric water.

Nanostructure of biogenic aragonite: a study of otoliths and bivalve shells from a freshwater environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsombor Molnár ◽  
Péter Pekker ◽  
Miklós Jakab ◽  
István Dódony ◽  
Zoltán Vitál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Geochemical Evolution ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Growth Zones ◽  
Small Increments ◽  
Bivalve Shells

<p> <span><span>There are numerous similarities between the otolith (an acellular calcium carbonate aggregate in the inner ears of fishes) and the shells of freshwater bivalves. Since both grow during a lifetime of the individuals, and show small increments or growth zones (in daily or subdaily periods), they are excellent time-keepers. By this capability they provide information about both the life history of the individuals and the geochemical evolution of their environments (Schulz-Mirbach et al., 2018; Cerrato, 2000). Changes of major and trace elements between the different growth zones have been studied thoroughly, but structural features, particularly those of otoliths, are not well known. We used scanning and scanning transmission electron microscopy (SEM and STEM) to study oriented ion-milled sections of an otolith and samples of </span></span><span><span><em>Dreissena</em></span></span><span><span> shells from Lake Balaton, a large, shallow lake in Hungary. SEM observations confirm that the growth zones within the otolith are built up of small increments, and they have a radially asymmetric appearance, whereas STEM images show that the small increments are terminated by tiny holes. Selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and HRTEM images show that the aragonite material of both samples is highly defective, with dense arrays of planar defects occurring in distinct areas, and grains joining along low-angle boundaries (around 1°). In addition, areas with multiple (double and triple) periodicities along the [110]* directions occur in both samples. Based on these preliminary observations, nanostructural features could provide important details about the growth of biogenic aragonite and the structural properties of distinct growth zones.</span></span></p><p><br><br></p><p><span><span>Cerrato R. M. (2000): What fish biologist should know about bivalve shells, </span></span><span><span><em>Fisheries Research</em></span></span><span><span>, 46, 39-49.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Schulz-Mirbach T., Ladich F., Plath M., </span></span><span>Heß M. (2018): Enimgatic ear stones: what we know about the functional role and evolution of the fish otoliths, </span><span><em>Biological Reviews</em></span><span>, 94 (2), 457-482.</span></p><p><span>Acknowledgments: The research was supported by the ÚNKP-19-3 new national excellence program of the ministry for innovation and technology. </span></p>

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