scholarly journals Association between Crowding and the Effective Maxillary and Mandibular Length among Orthodontic Patients of Kathmandu, Nepal.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Sanjay Prasad Gupta ◽  
Samarika Dahal ◽  
Shristi Rauniyar
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dental Crowding

Background: During orthodontic consultation, the most frequent major complaint of the patients is dental crowding, which is caused by a disparity between the arch length and tooth size. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between crowding and the effective maxillary and mandibular length in Nepalese orthodontic patients.Methods: The orthodontic records of 390 people (from January 2018 to December 2020) were randomly selected and classified into three skeletal malocclusions based on the ANB angle (Angle formed by point A and point B at the nasion). Subjects with skeletal malocclusions were subdivided into two groups depending on the degree of crowding in the mandibular arch: Group 1 had crowding of < 3mm, and Group 2 had crowding of >3mm. On pretreatment casts, digital vernier calipers (Digimatic, Precise, India) were used to assess dental arch crowding, whereas, on a pretreatment lateral cephalogram, digital cephalometric analysis (Vistadent OC 1.1, USA) was done to quantify effective maxillary and mandibular length. Inter-group comparisons were assessed using a one-way analysis of variance. The correlation was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p≤0.05).Results: There was a statistically significant difference in effective maxillary and mandibular length among skeletal malocclusions (p<0.05). Skeletal Class II malocclusion had the greatest mandibular crowding, while skeletal Class III malocclusion had the least. The effective maxillary and mandibular lengths and dental crowding had a significant but weak inverse correlation, whereas a strong but moderate positive correlation existed between the maxillary and mandibular effective lengths (r=0.674) and also between maxillary and mandibular crowding (r=0.631).Conclusion: Effective maxillary length was highest in skeletal class II malocclusion whereas effective mandibular length was highest in skeletal class III malocclusion. The shorter effective maxillary and mandibular lengths showed a weak association with dental crowding.

scholarly journals Relationship between skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions with vertical skeletal pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Sonia Patricia Plaza ◽  
Andreina Reimpell ◽  
Jaime Silva ◽  
Diana Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Skeletal Pattern

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the association between sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns and assess which cephalometric variables contribute to the possibility of developing skeletal Class II or Class III malocclusion. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample included pre-treatment lateral cephalogram radiographs from 548 subjects (325 female, 223 male) aged 18 to 66 years. Sagittal skeletal pattern was established by three different classification parameters (ANB angle, Wits and App-Bpp) and vertical skeletal pattern by SN-Mandibular plane angle. Cephalometric variables were measured using Dolphin software (Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif, USA) by a previously calibrated operator. The statistical analysis was carried out with Chi-square test, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test, and an ordinal multinomial regression model. Results: Evidence of association (p< 0.05) between sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns was found with a greater proportion of hyperdivergent skeletal pattern in Class II malocclusion using three parameters to assess the vertical pattern, and there was more prevalent hypodivergence in Class III malocclusion, considering ANB and App-Bpp measurements. Subjects with hyperdivergent skeletal pattern (odds ratio [OR]=1.85-3.65), maxillary prognathism (OR=2.67-24.88) and mandibular retrognathism (OR=2.57-22.65) had a significantly (p< 0.05) greater chance of developing skeletal Class II malocclusion. Meanwhile, subjects with maxillary retrognathism (OR=2.76-100.59) and mandibular prognathism (OR=5.92-21.50) had a significantly (p< 0.05) greater chance of developing skeletal Class III malocclusion. Conclusions: A relationship was found between Class II and Class III malocclusion with the vertical skeletal pattern. There is a tendency toward skeletal compensation with both vertical and sagittal malocclusions.

scholarly journals Relationship between Vertical Facial Pattern and Dental Arch Forms in Skeletal Class II Malocclusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
pp. 657-665
Author(s):  
Ankur Sharma ◽  
Aseem Sharma ◽  
Apurva Vaidya ◽  
Ambuj Chandana ◽  
Nandita Sood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Facial Pattern ◽  
Arch Forms

scholarly journals Skull bone thickness versus malocclusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
D. K. Mahamad Iqbal ◽  
Vivek B. Amin ◽  
Rohan Mascarenhas ◽  
Akther Husain
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skull Thickness

Objective The objectives of this study were to determine the thickness of skull bones, namely frontal, parietal, and occipital bones in Class I, Class II, and Class III patients. Materials and Methods Three hundred subjects who reported to the Department of Orthodontics requiring orthodontic treatment within the age group 17-35 were selected for the study. They were subdivided into three groups of 100 each according to the skeletal and dental relation. Profile radiographs were taken and the tracings were then scanned, and uploaded to the MATLAB 7.6.0 (R 2008a) software. The total surface areas of the individual bones were estimated by the software, which represented the thickness of each bone. Result Frontal bone was the thickest in Class III malocclusion group and the thinnest in Class II malocclusion group. But the parietal and occipital bone thickness were not significant. During gender differentiation in Class I, malocclusion group frontal bone thickness was more in males than females, In Class II, malocclusion parietal bone thickness was more in males than females. No statistically significant difference exists between genders, in Class III malocclusion group. During inter-comparison, the frontal bone thickness was significant when compared with Class I and Class II malocclusion groups and Class II and Class III malocclusion groups. Conclusion The differences in skull thickness in various malocclusions can be used as an adjunct in diagnosis and treatment planning for orthodontic patients. It was found that the new method (MATLAB 7.6.0 [R 2008a] software) of measuring skull thickness was easier, faster, precise, and accurate.

scholarly journals Dental anomalies in orthodontic patients with and without skeletal discrepancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Christina Avelar Fernandez ◽  
Mônica Gentil Mattos ◽  
Christiane Vasconcellos Cruz Alves Pereira ◽  
Marcelo De Castro Costa
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Objective:To determine whether individuals withskeletal discrepancies of Class II or IIIdisplay a higher frequency of dental anomalies in comparison with individuals with Class I malocclusion. Design:A systematic search of the main electronic medical scientific literaturedatabases was conducted. Observational studies were selected if mentioning dental anomalies in the different skeletal malocclusion patterns.Results:A total of 4,768 studies were found and the duplicated studies (1,279) were removed, resulting in 3,489 papers to be analyzed. After screening by title, 138 were fit for screening by abstract. After that, a total of 13 papers were carefully read in full. Five studies included dental anomaly frequencies in orthodontic patients and included 7,679 participants. The frequency of dental anomalies ranged from 11.2% to 40.3%.It was observed that individuals with skeletal discrepancies of Class II and III had more dental anomalies when compared to individuals with Class I.Conclusion:Individuals with skeletal malocclusion patternshave more dental anomalies and there is an association between dental anomalies and skeletal Class II or Class III malocclusion patterns.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Airway and Hyoid Bone Position in Subgroups of Class II Malocclusions

2020 ◽  
pp. 290-302
Author(s):  
Muhammed Hilmi Buyukcavus ◽  
Gönül Kocakara
Keyword(s):  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Retrospective Clinical Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Airway ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathia ◽  
Airway Dimensions

The aim of the study is to evaluate pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position according to different Class II malocclusion types in Turkish population. Materials and Methods: The retrospective clinical study consisted of patients divided into 3 subgroups with skeletal Class II malocclusion. A total of 221 individuals (131 females and 90 males) were included in the study. Individuals with skeletal Class II malocclusion were divided into three subgroups as maxillary prognathia, mandibular retrognathia and combined. In the cephalometric analysis; 8 nasopharyngeal, 7 oropharyngeal, 2 hypopharyngeal, 9 hyoid measurements and 4 area measurements were used. The distribution of sex and growth-development stages of the patients were compared with the Pearson chi-square test. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate patients. Tukey Post-Hoc tests were used for bilateral comparisons for significant parameters. SPSS package program was used for data analysis. Results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05 significance level. Results: According to findings, there was no significant difference between the groups in nasopharyngeal airway and area measurements (p>0.05). When the position of the hyoid bone was evaluated, a statistically significant difference was found between the three groups in the measurements of Hy-Pg (mm) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Linear and areal nasopharyngeal airway dimensions are similar in subgroups of Class II malocclusions, while the distance of the hyoid bone from the pogonion is less in the mandibular retrognathia group.

scholarly journals Treatment of class II and class III maloccolusion by using churro jumper: an efficient, inexpensive and uncomplicated fixed flexible functional technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Shubhangi Amit Mani ◽  
Nilesh Mote ◽  
Kunal Dilip Pawar ◽  
Prashantkumar Mishra ◽  
Richa Anil Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Functional Appliance ◽  
Orthopedic Treatment ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Centric Relation ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Relationship Of

Functional orthopedic treatment seeks to improve skeletal and dental relationship of the jaws. The challenging task is to correctly position jaws antero-posteriorly and vertically with correct overbite, overjet and Centric relation. The Churro Jumper is an efficient, inexpensive and uncomplicated fixed flexible functional appliance. It is used to evaluate the efficacy of the Churro Jumper appliance in treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion with retrognathic mandible. Churro Jumper contributes in correction of Class II molar relationship by dento-alveolar effects on both jaws. There was up-righting of maxillary incisors and proclination of mandibular incisors. Churro Jumper is clinically efficient as well as effective appliance to correct skeletal class II malocclusion. The only problem with this appliance is its frequent breakage and oral hygiene maintenance causing inconvenience to both patient as well as operator.

Comparative Analysis of Dentoskeletal Changes of the Twin Block Appliance and the AdvanSync2 Appliance in Treatment of Skeletal Class-II Malocclusion in Pakistani Population: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fareena Ghaffar ◽  
Abdullah Jan ◽  
Obaid Akhtar ◽  
Alaina T. Mughal ◽  
Rooma Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Twin Block ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Appliances

Abstract Objective This study aimed to compare dentoskeletal changes in skeletal class-II malocclusion with removable twin block appliance and fixed AdvanSync2 appliance. Materials and Methods A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted over a span of 1 year at AFID at Rawalpindi. Thirty patients with skeletal class-II malocclusion, 16 males (53.3%) and 14 females (46.6%), were randomly selected and divided in two equal groups (15 each) to be treated with either fixed functional appliances (FFAs) or with removable functional appliances (RFAs). Out of 30 patients, 15 between cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages of 2 and 3 were treated with RFA (twin block appliances) and remaining 15 between CVM stages of 4 and 5 were treated with FFA (AdvanSync2 appliances). Pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2), angular variable, and linear variable were measured to compare the dentoskeletal effects between the two groups. Statitical Analysis Paired sample t-test was used to assess significant difference between variables at T1 (Pre-treatment) and T2 (Post-treatment) stage for both RFA and FFA group. Comparison among the RFA and FFA group was made using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U Test. IBM SPSS version 25.0 was used for evaluation. Results No significant difference was found in angular variables between the RFA and FFA groups (p > 0.05) with the exception of linear variables. Sella-posterior nasal spine (S-PNS) length significantly increased and Jarabak's ratio significantly decreased for FFA group (p = 0.010 and 0.045, respectively), when compared with RFA group. Conclusion Both the appliances, twin block (RFA) and AdvanSync2 (FFA), are effective for correction of skeletal class-II malocclusion. Both the appliances produced similar effects in the sagittal plane but for better vertical control twin block should be the appliance of choice. AdvanSync2 appliance could be preferred over twin block appliance when dentoalveolar and slight retrusive effect on the maxilla is desired especially for individuals in postpubertal growth spurt.

scholarly journals Facial profile esthetics change of class II malocclusion patients treated with the Herbst appliance as perceived by orthodontists and laypersons

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 446-451
Author(s):  
Jovana Milutinovic ◽  
Nenad Nedeljkovic ◽  
Nenad Korolija ◽  
Biljana Milicic
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Herbst Appliance ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction/Objective. The recognition of differences in individual assessment of facial attractiveness could be valuable assistance in planning the orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to compare facial profile attractiveness changes of patients treated with the Herbst appliance perceived by orthodontists and laypersons. Methods. The patient sample comprised 33 young Caucasian still-growing patients, aged 14?18 years, with skeletal class II malocclusion treated with the Herbst and multibracket appliances. Facial profile photographs before and after the treatment were shown to 54 orthodontists and 50 laypersons. In the esthetics oriented poll, the evaluators rated the change in facial appearance. Results. The attractiveness scores differed between the two rater groups (p < 0.001), with orthodontists being more generous, whereas there was no significant difference between female and male evaluators in both groups (p > 0.05). However, scores differed significantly in grading female and male patients (p < 0.001), so that female patients got higher scores; younger evaluators graded more critically between different age groups of the evaluators (p < 0.001), as well as between the patients with different initial severity of malocclusion (p < 0.001). Conclusion. The difference in attractiveness scores differed between two groups, with laypersons being more critical than orthodontists. Higher scores were given to female patients by both groups, as well as by the evaluators in the older age group.

scholarly journals A Study on Arch Length Among Dentoalveolar Class I, Class II and Class III Malocclusion of Bangladeshi Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ashis Kumar Biswas ◽  
Gazi Shamim Hassan ◽  
Nasreen Akhter ◽  
Ranjit Ghosh ◽  
Mohammad Rakibul Islam Babu
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Bangladeshi Population ◽  
Lower Arch ◽  
Maxillary Arch

Objectives : To study the variations in arch length among different classes of dento-alveolar malocclusion in the permanent dentition. Materials and Methods: Both male and female Bangladeshi subjects with permanent dentition who attended during 1st July 2007 to 1st January 2011 to the Department of Orthodontics, BSMMU for treatment were included in this study. Dental arch length were measured from dental casts of the permanent dentition of 96 Bangladeshi subjects of which 48 male, 48 female, 24 class 1, 24 class 2 div. I, 24 class 2 div. II, 24 class III. Arch length was measured by adapting a length of brass wire (diameter 0.5 mm) on the maxillary and mandibular arches. Comparison of arch length was done among different malocclusion classes. Results: In these study we found maxillary arch length was largest in class II div. 1 malocclusion. Mandibular arch length was highest in class III and lowest in class II div. 1 malocclusion. Least significant difference (LSD) is used to compare two of the four group. P<0.05 was set as the level of significance. Conclusions : Class III malocclusion has large lower arch and short upper arch. In Class II division 1, arch length is larger in upper than lower arch and Class II division 2 show the shortest maxillary arch length.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v9i1.11827 City Dental College Journal Vol.9(1) 2012 1-3

The Effect Of Facial Vertical Dimension Changes On The Value Of Facial Harmony In Malocclusion Class II Skeletal In RSGM USU

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Muslim Yusuf ◽  
Siti Bahirrah ◽  
Bernadetta Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Harmony ◽  
Significant Change

Treatment of Class II malocclusion have impact in relation to the vertical dimensions of the skeletal and facial soft tissues mainly to the facial balancing and proportion which relate to patient facial harmony. The aim of this study was to determine the changes and differences in facial vertical dimensions to the total value of facial harmony in skeletal Class II after treatment with extraction and non-extraction of the maxillary first premolar based on Arnett and Bergmann at the Orthodontic Specialist Clinic of RSGM, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The sample consisted of initial and final cephalometry of 36 patients with age 18-35 years old, skeletal Class II malocclusion ANB > 4o, divided into extraction of maxillary first premolar and non-extraction group. Cephalometric tracing with the required points, then the photos are processed into image J software. Then the data that obtained is tested statistically with Pearson’s Correlation Test and T-Test Independent. There was a significant change between MP-SN and Pog-Imd (P=0,036) in the first premolar extraction group, but there was not a significant change in the non-extraction first premolar group. There was a significant difference in the face harmony value at point G-A between the extraction and non-extraction groups (P=0,038). There was a significant difference on the face harmony value in the treatment of malocclusion Class II orthodontic with maxillary first premolar extraction. 

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