scholarly journals Effect of Delayed Harvest and Fungicide Sprays on Pigeon Pea Seed Quality in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
pp. 428-435
Author(s):  
M. A. Ellis ◽  
H. C. Minor ◽  
R. Abrams ◽  
F. J. Julia
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Seedborne Fungi ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Pea Seed

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan cv. 38-Bushy) seeds were harvested at maturity and 1, 2 or 3 weeks after maturity (delayed harvests) from non sprayed plants or from plants sprayed with maneb, benomyl, or a combination of the two at four 1-week intervals beginning 110 days after planting. At each harvest date, the decrease in percentage germination and emergence and the increase in seed borne fungi was significantly less for seeds from benomyl-sprayed plants than from nonsprayed plants or those sprayed with maneb. The percentage seed germination in vitro and field emergence decreased and the percentage of internally seedborne fungi increased with each delay in harvest for all treatments. There were no significant differences in total internally seed borne fungi, germination in vitro, or field emergence between plants sprayed with maneb alone and the nontreated control. When harvested at maturity, plants of all treatments produced good quality seeds (over 85% germination).

scholarly journals Effect of Growing Location on Internally-Seedborne Fungi, Seed Germination, and Field Emergence of Pigeon Pea in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
M. A. Ellis ◽  
E. H. Paschal ◽  
E. J. Ravalo ◽  
Eileen Rosario
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Seedborne Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Fungi representing 10 genera were isolated from internal tissues of pigeon pea seeds of four cultivars grown at Isabela, P. R. Seed quality of all cultivars tested from Isabela was low (low percentage seed germination and high incidence of seedborne fungi). The occurrence of fungi from seeds of the cultivar 2B-Bushy, which had poor physical appearance (wrinkled seedcoat and discolored) was higher, and germination was lower, than for seeds of good physical appearance (uniform shape and color). Seed of cultivar 28-Bushy produced at Fortuna, P.R. had less internally-seedborne fungi and greater germination in vitro and emergence in the field than seeds produced at Isabela. The occurrence of total internally-seedborne fungi, Phomopsis sp., Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium semitectum, and Alternaria tenuissima was negatively correlated with emergence in the field. The occurrence of Aspergillus sp. was not negatively correlated with field emergence.

scholarly journals Methods for Pigeon Pea Seed Storage in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
M. A. Ellis ◽  
E. J. Ravalo ◽  
R. S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Pea Seed

Pigeon pea seeds were adjusted to 9, 13, and 17% moisture, then placed in cloth bags or air tight plastic bags. Seeds at each of the above mentioned moisture levels and container types were stored both under ambient conditions at Mayagüez and in cold storage (13° C) at Lajas. After 12-month storage, all treatments in cold storage ranged in percentage seed germination in vitro, emergence in sand, and emergence in the field from 90-92%, 88-92% and 70-72%, respectively. All treatments stored in cloth bags under ambient conditions for 12 months had a percentage seed germination in vitro, emergence in sand, and emergence in the field ranging from 36-37%, 32-24% and 16-17%, respectively. There were no significant differences in percentage germination in vitro or in sand or field emergence between seeds stored under ambient conditions at 9 and 13% moisture in plastic bags and seeds stored in cold storage. All seeds stored at 17% moisture in plastic bags were dead after 10 months storage under ambient conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungicide Seed Treatment on Field Emergence of Poor and Good Quality Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan).

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
M. A. Ellis ◽  
R. S. Smith ◽  
O. Zambrano
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seedborne Fungi ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Percentage Incidence

Poor quality (50% seed germination in vitro and 67% of seeds infected by internally seedborne fungi) and good quality (93% seed germination in vitro and 9% of seeds infected by internally seedborne fungi) seed lots of pigeon pea (cultivar 2-B Bushy) were treated with fungicides, penicillin-G, and penicillin-G plus fungicide. All treatments significantly increased percentage field emergence of the poor quality seed lot above the non treated control. There was no significant difference in percentage field emergence between treated and nontreated seeds of the good quality seedlot. When surface disinfested, poor quality seeds were treated with thiram and placed on potato dextrose agar, the percentage seed germination in vitro increased significantly, and percentage incidence of internally seedborne fungi decreased significantly compared to that of the nontreated control.

Seed-borne fungi of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] and their possible control in vitro using locally available fungicides in Botswana.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Khare* ◽  
Loeto D. ◽  
Wale K. ◽  
Salani M.
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Petri Plate

Seeds of three cowpea cultivars namely Black eye, ER 7 and Tswana obtained from the Department of Agriculture Research, Gaborone were tested for the presence of seed-borne fungi, and their possible control in vitro using locally available fungicides. Four hundred fifty seeds of each cultivar of cowpea were disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min and washed three times with sterile distilled water before placing them in PDA plates (5 seeds/9 cm Petri plate), incubated at 22±2o C for 12 hour each under continuous light and dark. A total of eight fungi were detected from seeds of cowpea. These were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Cylindrocarpon sp., Fusarium equisiti, F. oxyaporum, Penicillium chyrosogenum, Rhizopus oligosporus and R. stolonifer. Rhizopus spp. were dominant fungi recovered from seeds, followed by Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Cylindrocarpon. The fungi detected resulted in decay and rotting of seeds, and thereby reducing percentage germination of seeds (22%, 37% and 63 % seed germination in Black eye, ER7 and Tswana varieties of cowpea respectively). Out of four fungicides tested, benlate, captan, dithane M 45 and chlorothalanil. Dithane M45 effectively controlled seed-borne fungi, and enhanced seed germination to an average of 86% (93% germination with no fungi detected in Tswana variety) as compared to chlorothalonile (79%), benlate and captan (77%) and un-treated seeds (45%). The fungal incidence was reduced to 2.3%, 4.3%, 5.3% and 5.3% when seeds were treated with dithane M-45, chlorothalonil, benlate and captan respectively as compared to 62% in non-treated seeds.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS (ODTS) OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM BY USING SUPERDISINTEGRANT FROM NATURAL ORIGIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
SATYAJITH PANDA ◽  
NODAGALA HEMALATHA ◽  
PANCHAGNULA UDAYA SHANKAR ◽  
SRINIVASA RAO BARATAM
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Sodium Starch Glycolate ◽  
Orodispersible Tablets ◽  
Pregelatinized Starch ◽  
The Stability

Objective: In this study, a polysaccharide isolated from the seeds of Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) was investigated as a super disintegrant in the orodispersible tablets of diclofenac sodium. Methods: Diclofenac sodium tablets were prepared separately using different concentrations (5%, 7.5%, 10%, and 15% w/w) of isolated Cajanus cajan seed polysaccharide (natural) and sodium starch glycolate (synthetic) as super disintegrant by the direct compression method. Evaluation of tablets was done for various pre-and post-compression parameters. The stability studies were performed on optimized formulation F5. The disintegration time and in vitro drug release of the formulation F5 was compared with pregelatinized starch and synthetic super disintegrant (sodium starch glycolate). Results: The drug-excipient interactions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared studies. The Optimized formulation F5 containing 15% polysaccharide showed wetting time of 118.7 seconds with 105.3 seconds of disintegration time and 95.61% dissolved in 3 min. Conclusion: The present work revealed that Cajanus cajan seed polysaccharide has a good disintegrating agent in the formulation of orodispersible tablets.

Mycofloral Succession and Viability Losses in Pigeon pea Seed in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
P. R. Hepperly ◽  
R. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Total Fungi

Using the cellulose pad and potato dextrose agar (PDA) assays, twenty three fungi were found on pigeonpea seed in Puerto Rico. In the PDA assay, Botryodiplodia theobromae was the most common (29%). On cellulose pads, the same fungus was not very common (7%). PDA assay favored increased detection of Alternaria tenuissima, Phomopsis sp., and total fungi compared with cellulose pads. Cellulose pads favored detection of Cladosporium sp. In both assays, incidences of B. theobromae, Fusarium spp., and total fungi were negatively correlated with seed germination. Measurements for seedlot germination were highly correlated (r = 0.77**) between the two assays. The influences of seed type and delayed harvest on pigeonpea seed viability were studied. Pigeonpeas "28-Bushy," with large tan seeds, showed reduced seed viability and higher incidence of B. theobromae and Fusarium spp. compared with segregants of the same cultivar with small flattened hard red seed. A 3-week delayed harvest drastically increased incidence of B. theobromae, Fusarium spp., and total fungi, and reduced germination in "Kaki" pigeonpeas from Santa Isabel. Pigeonpea seed viability and mycoflora were followed before and after farm storage. Incidences of Fusarium spp., Phomopsis sp., Cladosporium sp., and B. theobromae after storage were 15, 26, 30, and 38% of their respective prestorage values. Incidence of species of Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Aspergillus increased during storage. Although less than 3% Aspergillus spp. was detected in the cellulose pad assay at 27° C, 28 to 92% was detected when seed were incubated at 35° C using pigeonpea seed extract in 2% agar. With the Aspergillus selective assay, seed viability losses during storage were highly correlated with incidence of Aspergillus spp. (r = 0.96**). Aspergillus incidence in the cellulose pad assay was not associated with storage losses in seed germination (r = 0.18 NS). Emergence and fungal colonization of pigeonpea seed were dependent on soil moisture. Pigeonpea seed did not emerge at either 25 or 100% soil moisture holding capacity (SMHC). Optimum emergence was found at 50% SMHC. Pythiaceous fungi were predominent on seed at and above 75% SMHC, whereas Aspergillus spp. predominated at 50% SMHC or less. Mixed populations of the two were visible at 50 and 75% SMHC.

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