scholarly journals Morphoanatomic changes in shoot and root apices of banana Williams (AAA, Musa sp.) cultured on different N6- benzyladenine concentrations

1969 ◽  
Vol 92 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Maribel Ramírez-Villalobos ◽  
Helga Lindorf ◽  
Eva De García
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Tunica Layer ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
Root Apices

Structural evidence about the in vitro growth of the shoot apex (SA) and root apex (RA) of banana is for the most part lacking.This paper presents an analysis of the morphoanatomic events that occur in the in vitro development of the SA, RA and explants of banana Williams cultured under different N6-benzyladenine (BA) concentrations. We examined the SA of explants (8 mm X 1.5 mm, shoot tip with part of rhizome) grown on 0, 2.5 and 5 mg /L of BA for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 d, and also the first emergent root (1 to 1.5 cm long) from these explants. Samples were sectioned (10 to 12 µm) and stained with safranin-fast green. The SA showed a dome shape with tunica-corpus organization (a single tunica layer). SA diameters were larger for explants growing in BA (93.75 to 142.05 µm) than in those growing without the cytokinin (73.87 to 85.83 µm), except for the diameter on the sixth day (127.84 µm). The noncultured initial explant without culture reached a diameter of 164.78 µm. The SA showed a cambium-like transitional zone in explants cultured with 2.5 mg/L of BA on the ninth day. This concentration also induced the highest number of shoots per explant (2.19) in 35 days. RA growing in media without BA showed protoderm, ground meristem, procambium, initial cells and root cap whereas with BA procambium, fundamental meristem and root cap (compressed) were distinguished. Benzyladenine decreased the number and length of the roots, inhibited the formation of lateral roots, increased the time for root emergence and caused distortion in their anatomic structure.

Localisation of aluminium in root apex cells of two Australian perennial grasses by X-ray microanalysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Crawford ◽  
Alan T. Marshall ◽  
Sabine Wilkens
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Root Apices

To determine if an increased aluminium (Al) sensitivity is the result of greater accumulation of Al in root apices, the quantity and distribution of Al in root apex cells of Danthonia linkii Kunth and Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R.Br. was investigated by X-ray microanalysis. Seedlings were grown in nutrient solution with 0, 185 and 370 µM total Al for 24 h after which the terminal 5 mm of the roots were excised, rapidly frozen and embedded using freeze-substitution. Elemental distribution maps of root apices showed that Al had accumulated in the nuclei of root cap and meristematic cells in Al-stressed roots of D. linkii but not in M. stipoides. Al appeared to be co-localised with phosphorous (P) in the nuclei of these cells. Quantitation of Al revealed that Al-stressed root apex cells of D. linkiiaccumulated significantly more Al than M. stipoides. Exposure of D. linkii roots to Al resulted in substantial increases in the P content of root apex cells, and a significant positive correlation was found between Al and P in both root cap and meristematic cells. Analysis of intracellular structures showed that the majority of Al had accumulated in the nuclei of cells. A significant positive correlation was found between Al and P in the nuclei, but not in the cytoplasm or cell walls. No positive correlation was found between Al and P in root apex cells of M. stipoides.

DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES ON EUPHORBIA ESULA L.: APICES OF LONG AND SHORT ROOTS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1615-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. S. Raju ◽  
T. A. Steeves ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Quiescent Center ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Root Apices ◽  
Root Axis

In both indeterminate long roots and determinate short roots of Euphorbia esula L., the promeristem usually consists of three meristematic layers. One of these represents the stelar pole, the second is continuous with the cortex, and the most distal appears to initiate the root cap – epidermis complex. Variations in this pattern are noted. Autoradiographs of apices of roots supplied with thymidine-H3 under field conditions demonstrate the existence of a region of low nuclear incorporation during a 24 or 48 hour period at the summit of the root axis in long roots. This region corresponds to the quiescent center described by previous authors. Short root apices consistently lack such a region. The pattern of nuclear incorporation of thymidine-H3 suggests that cell division is infrequent or absent in the center of the apex of long roots but not of short roots. Quiescence is thus a phenomenon which is superimposed upon the organization of the root apex in this species, and its presence or absence seems to be related to the developmental potentiality of the root. In many long roots the size of this quiescent region exceeds that of the region which may reasonably be designated the promeristem.

Embryons somatiques de Vitis rupestris et embryons zygotiques de Vitis sp. : morphologie, histologie, histochimie et développement

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2305-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Faure
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Vitis Rupestris ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere ◽  
Vitis Sp ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Root Apices

The problem of the development of grapevine somatic embryos into plantlets was examined through a morphological, histological, and histochemical comparison of zygotic and somatic embryos. Only 3% of somatic embryos were capable of developing into plantlets. However, 27% of these embryos had shoot and root apices showing a histological pattern similar to that observed in zygotic embryos; other embryos had root apex but no shoot apex. In comparison with zygotic embryos, somatic embryos showed the following characteristics: acquisition of giant, and often teratologic, organs, retention of a high proliferative capacity among superficial cells, starch and tannin accumulation, important suberization and slight lignification of superficial cells, differentiation of tracheids in the vascular system, and preservation of a high embryogenic potential in the absence of exogenous growth regulators. The water-saturated atmosphere to which grapevine somatic embryos were submitted during in vitro culture could be unfavourable to germination. Under these conditions, embryos built impermeable suberized superficial layers. Key words: somatic embryos, zygotic embryos, Vitis sp., histochemistry, development.

In vitro development of human triploid zygotes reconstructed by pronuclear transfer

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. S180-S181
Author(s):  
John Zhang ◽  
Yi Ming Shu ◽  
Lewis C Krey ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Guang Lun Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Pronuclear Transfer ◽  
Vitro Development

Gallic acid promotes the in vitro development of sheep secondary isolated follicles involving the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway

2021 ◽  
pp. 106767
Author(s):  
Gizele A.L. Silva ◽  
Luana B. Araújo ◽  
Larissa C.R. Silva ◽  
Bruna B. Gouveia ◽  
Ricássio S. Barberino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
Kinase Pathway ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3

scholarly journals Necrostatin-1 Supplementation to Islet Tissue Culture Enhances the In-Vitro Development and Graft Function of Young Porcine Islets

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8367
Author(s):  
Hien Lau ◽  
Shiri Li ◽  
Nicole Corrales ◽  
Samuel Rodriguez ◽  
Mohammadreza Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Porcine Islets ◽  
Vitro Development

Pre-weaned porcine islets (PPIs) represent an unlimited source for islet transplantation but are functionally immature. We previously showed that necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) immediately after islet isolation enhanced the in vitro development of PPIs. Here, we examined the impact of Nec-1 on the in vivo function of PPIs after transplantation in diabetic mice. PPIs were isolated from pancreata of 8–15-day-old, pre-weaned pigs and cultured in media alone, or supplemented with Nec-1 (100 µM) on day 0 or on day 3 of culture (n = 5 for each group). On day 7, islet recovery, viability, oxygen consumption rate, insulin content, cellular composition, insulin secretion capacity, and transplant outcomes were evaluated. While islet viability and oxygen consumption rate remained high throughout 7-day tissue culture, Nec-1 supplementation on day 3 significantly improved islet recovery, insulin content, endocrine composition, GLUT2 expression, differentiation potential, proliferation capacity of endocrine cells, and insulin secretion. Adding Nec-1 on day 3 of tissue culture enhanced the islet recovery, proportion of delta cells, beta-cell differentiation and proliferation, and stimulation index. In vivo, this leads to shorter times to normoglycemia, better glycemic control, and higher circulating insulin. Our findings identify the novel time-dependent effects of Nec-1 supplementation on porcine islet quantity and quality prior to transplantation.

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