scholarly journals Yield performance of eight snap bean genotypes grown under an organic management system in the tropics

2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Brunner ◽  
Kevin Brady ◽  
Luisa Flores ◽  
James S. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Management System ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
The Tropics

Eight snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and lines were grown under an organic management system in 2011 and 2012 in Lajas, Puerto Rico. Bean genotypes used in the trial were the commercial cultivars 'Contender', 'Festina', 'Fresh Pick', 'Jade', 'Nash' and 'Provider', and two experimental breeding lines PR1018-1 and PR1018-5. In 2011, 'Provider' and PR1018-5had the highest yields, with 11.2 and 11.1 t/ha, respectively, but these were not significantly different from the yields of 'Contender', 'Festina', PR1018-1 or 'Nash'. 'Jade' had the lowest yield, with 6.5 t/ha. In 2012, the highest yielding cultivar was 'Festina', with 14.6 t/ha, which was not significantly different from 'Nash' (13.8 t/ha), PR1018-5 (12.6 t/ha) or 'Jade' (12.5 t/ha). 'Contender' (9 t/ha), 'Provider' (8.4 t/ha) and 'Fresh Pick' (8.4 t/ha) had the lowest yields. This study has shown that snap beans can be successfully grown in Puerto Rico under an organic management system, with yields similar or superior to conventionally produced snap beans.

scholarly journals Targeting Gene Combinations for Broad-spectrum Rust Resistance in Heat-tolerant Snap Beans Developed for Tropical Environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Wasonga ◽  
Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales ◽  
Timothy G. Porch ◽  
Phillip D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Common bean rust disease (caused by Uromyces appendiculatus) and high temperatures (heat stress) limit snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production in many tropical and temperate regions. We have developed snap bean lines combining broad-spectrum rust resistance with heat tolerance for tropical agroecosystems. Eight breeding populations were developed by hybridizing BelJersey-RR-15 and BelFla-RR-1 (each possessing the Ur-4 and Ur-11 rust resistance genes) and the heat-tolerant snap bean breeding lines HT601, HT603, HT608, and HT611. F2–F4 generations of the populations were evaluated under greenhouse conditions and selected for heat tolerance while simultaneously selecting for the rust resistance genes Ur-4 and Ur-11. Three heat-tolerant F5 lines, which were homozygous for Ur-4 and Ur-11 genes, were selected together with a rust-resistant but heat-sensitive control. These and 12 cultivars adapted to different geographical regions were evaluated for their reaction to rust and yield at six contrasting field sites in eastern Africa and their response to high temperature verified in Puerto Rico. Rust incidence and severity was high at three of the trial sites in eastern Africa. Two of the 12 cultivars were resistant to rust at most of these sites, and three of the four breeding lines were resistant at all sites. The Ur-11 gene effectively conferred rust resistance at all sites. Yield in Puerto Rico was strongly correlated (R2 = 0.71, P < 0.001) with that of the hottest site in eastern Africa, highlighting the similarity in genotypic response to high temperatures at the two distinct sites. The newly developed rust-resistant and heat-tolerant breeding lines showed stable yield at the eastern Africa sites with contrasting mean temperatures compared with the cultivars presently grown in the region. Two of these lines, HT1 and HT2, were confirmed to be homozygous for Ur-4 and Ur-11 and with high heat tolerance under both greenhouse and field environments. This research validates the effectiveness of targeted rust resistance gene combinations for tropical environments and the effective selection of high temperature tolerance traits correlating across multiple environments. The breeding lines HT1 and HT2 developed in this research could be used to improve snap beans for the tropics and other environments with similar constraints.

scholarly journals Detecting bean golden yellow mosaic virus in bean breeding lines and in the common legume weed Macroptilium lathyroides in Puerto Rico.

1969 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Lydia I. Rivera-Vargas ◽  
Vilmaris Bracero-Acosta ◽  
James S. Beaver ◽  
Dan E. Purcifull ◽  
Jane E. Polston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides

Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV) is a geminivirus transmitted by whiteflies (Genus: Bemisia). This virus causes significant fosses in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Serological techniques such as enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been widely used for detection of viruses. We evaluated existing monoclonal antibodies (3F7,2G5 and 5C5) for the detection of BGYMV isolates in bean fines in Puerto Rico. Monoclonal antibody 3F7 was the most effective in detecting the virus in tissues of line DOR 364 and susceptible cuftivars Top Crop and Quest. However, it was not effective in the detection of BGYMV in lines of DOR 303, which showed typical symptoms. Sampfes from Macroptilium lathyroides, a weed that might be a possible reservoir of the virus, were also tested for viraf infection. ELISA tests were inconclusive for detection of geminiviruses in M. lathyroides. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was also used to complement BGYMV diagnosis in M. lathyroides and in bean lines that showed symptoms but were negative for the ELfSA test. Two sets of primers, specific for Begomovirus such as BGYMV, were used in PCR experiments. Using PCR, we were able to detect the virus in the line DOR 303 and in M. lathyroides tissues.

scholarly journals Flow Rate as a Major Physiological Factor Influencing Calcium Content on Six Commercial Cultivars of Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 687a-687
Author(s):  
Juan M. Quintana ◽  
Helen C. Harrison ◽  
James Nienhuis ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Physiological Factor ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
The Difference

Flow rate, Ca content, and Ca concentration of sieve sap were measured at four developmental stages (flowering and 1, 2, and 3 weeks after flowering) in six commercial snap bean cultivars to better understand physiological factors associated with genetic differences for pod Ca concentration. Sampling began 5 weeks after greenhouse planting and consisted of 1) decapitation of the plant at the first node; 2) covering the stem with preweighed dry cotton; and 3) removing the cotton, reweighing it, and saving it for Ca determination. Flow rate was defined as the difference in cotton weight (expressed as milliliter) per 12 hours. Ca determinations were made using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Calcium content was defined as milligram of Ca per total volume of sieve sap after 12 hours. Concentration of Ca was the quotient of Ca content by flow rate (expressed as milligrams Ca per milliliter sap). A positive correlation between flow rate and total Ca content of sieve sap (R2 = 0.83), flow rate and Ca concentration of sieve sap (R2 = 0.36), and Ca content and Ca concentration (R2 = 0.80) were found. Maturity appeared to be an important factor affecting flow rate and Ca influx in snap bean plants. Significant differences between genotypes for Ca content and flow rate were observed. High Ca genotypes reflected a high flow rate regardless developmental stage.

scholarly journals Yield and quality performance of open pollinated and hybrid tomato cultivars grown under organic management in Puerto Rico.

1969 ◽  
Vol 97 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Kevin Brady ◽  
Bryan Brunner ◽  
José Pablo Morales-Payán ◽  
Sonia Martínez-Garrastazú
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Management System ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Variety trials were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate the yield and quality performance of 11 open pollinated and three hybrid tomato (Solarium lycopersicum L.) cultivars grown organically in Lajas, Puerto Rico. In both years, significant differences in marketable fruit yield were observed. Yields in 2010 ranged from 72.1 Mg/ha for 'Roma' to 8.6 Mg/ha for 'Marion'. 'Roma' and 'Neptune' (65.6 Mg/ha) were among the highest yielding cultivars. In 2011, significant yield differences were also observed. Marketable fruit yield ranged from 54.7 Mg/ha for 'Early Girl' to 23.5 Mg/ha for 'Super Sioux'. 'Early Girl', 'Flora Dade' (53.8 Mg/ha), 'BHN 444' (50.8 Mg/ha), 'Roma' (48.6 Mg/ha), 'Eva Purple Ball' (48.4 Mg/ha), 'Traveler 76' (46.4 Mg/ha) and 'Celebrity' (45.9 Mg/ha) were among the highest yielders. 'Early Girl' was consistently among the top cultivars in both seasons for taste, yield, and fruit appearance. Open pollinated cultivars performed with more variability between the two seasons than the hybrids. The open pollinated cultivars which ranked highest during the two-year study for taste, yield, and overall appearance were 'Roma', 'Homestead 24', 'Ozark Pink', and 'Traveler 76'. This study indicates that tomato can be grown successfully under an organic management system in Puerto Rico using either open pollinated cultivars or hybrids.

scholarly journals Variation in Calcium Concentration among Sixty S1 Families and Four Cultivars of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Quintana ◽  
Helen C. Harrison ◽  
James Nienhuis ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta ◽  
Michael A. Grusak
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Nutritional Potential

To assess nutritional potential, pod yield, and Ca concentration of pods and foliage were determined for a snap bean population, which included sixty S1 families plus four commercial varieties. The experimental design was an 8 × 8 double lattice, repeated at two locations (Arlington and Hancock, Wis.). Snap beans were planted in June 1993 and machine harvested in August 1993. Calcium analyses were made using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Significant differences were detected in pod Ca concentration and yield among the S1 families. Pod size and Ca concentration were inversely correlated (R2 = 0.88). Distinct differences between the locations were not observed, and higher Ca genotypes remained high regardless of location or pod size. Low correlation (R2 = 0.21) between pod and leaf Ca concentration was found. Pods of certain genotypes appeared to have the ability to import Ca more efficiently than others, but this factor was not related to yield.

INFLUENCE OF SNAP BEAN PHENOLOGY ON HELIOTHIS ZEA (BODDIE) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) OVIPOSITION

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Heliothis Zea ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Ovipositional Response ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Preference Tests ◽  
Bean Leaves

In greenhouse preference tests Heliothis zea (Boddie) moths oviposited significantly more eggs on blooming snap bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., than on pre-blooming plants. When moths were held in cages containing only 1 plant stage (non-preference tests) significantly more eggs were laid on blooming snap beans than on either pre- or post-bloom plants. Furthermore, this ovipositional response to blooming plants was much more striking after moths were caged for 3 nights. During nights 4–6, oviposition continued at a similar rate on blooming plants, while pre- and post-bloom plants received very few eggs. Regardless of plant stage, most eggs were laid on the top and bottom of large snap bean leaves.

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