The Role of Desire, Opportunity, and Capacity in the Revitalization of Native American Languages

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-381
Author(s):  
Erin Flynn Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Language Revitalization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Language Loss ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Native American Languages ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North

Language loss affects many Native American communities in the United States, threatening the vitality of the indigenous languages of the North American continent. This article discusses current and historic reasons for this loss and provides an overview of language revitalization with reference to a framework of desire, opportunity,and capacity.

The Life History and Dispersal of the Bruce Spanworm, Operophtera bruceata (Hulst), (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1103-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life History ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Insect Survey ◽  
Bruce Spanworm

The Bruce spanworrn, Operophtera bruceata (Hulst), is most common in the mid latitudes of the North American Continent; in Canada it occurs from Newfoundland to the interior of British Columbia (Prentice, In Press) and has been reported from Vermont and Wisconsin in the United States (Craighead, 1950.) Three outbreaks of this insect have been recorded in Alberta. The first occurred in 1903 (de Gryse, 1925) and was apparently of short duration. The second reported by Wolley Dod (1913) occurred in 1913 and denuded hundreds of acres of aspen poplar. Heavy defoliation in the third outbreak became evident in 1957 (Brown, 1957) but an examination of Forest Insect Survey records revealed that population buildup began about 1951. The outbreak continued to expand until 1958 and began to decline in 1959; by 1961 populations were again low except for one or two isolated areas where moderate to low populations persisted. At the peak of the outbreak in 1958 approximately 50,000 square miies were moderately or heavily infested and many more lightly infested.

Designing Indigenous Language Revitalization

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hermes ◽  
Megan Bang ◽  
Ananda Marin
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Language Revitalization ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Indigenous Language ◽  
Culturally Relevant Curriculum ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Indigenous Language Revitalization

Endangered Indigenous languages have received little attention within the American educational research community. However, within Native American communities, language revitalization is pushing education beyond former iterations of culturally relevant curriculum and has the potential to radically alter how we understand culture and language in education. Situated within this gap, Mary Hermes, Megan Bang, and Ananda Marin consider the role of education for Indigenous languages and frame specific questions of Ojibwe revitalization as a part of the wider understanding of the context of community, language, and Indigenous knowledge production. Through a retrospective analysis of an interactive multimedia materials project, the authors present ways in which design research, retooled to fit the need of communities, may inform language revitalization efforts and assist with the evolution of community-based research design. Broadly aimed at educators, the praxis described in this article draws on community collaboration, knowledge production, and the evolution of a design within Indigenous language revitalization.

The Stamp Act Crisis in the British West Indies

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna J. Spindel
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
West Indies ◽  
West Indians ◽  
British West Indies ◽  
American Continent ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Stamp Act

Traditionally, colonial scholars have focussed their attention on the North American continent, where dramatic conflicts with Britain culminated in Revolution. No major article or book has yet dealt with British West Indians as active participants in the pre-Revolutionary struggle. This study attempts to correct that situation. Focussing on the Stamp Act crisis, it seeks to clarify the role of island colonists during the pre-war period and argues for a comprehensive appraisal of that role.

‘Homesick for the North American Continent’: Elizabeth Bowen's Postwar Transatlantic Crossings

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-130
Author(s):  
Heather Corbally Bryant
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eudora Welty ◽  
Central Question ◽  
American Continent ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates the influence of North America on Bowen's later work. After the war, Bowen traveled to America, at least once a year, until her last illness. Yet her time in the United States has often been overlooked. In the States, she lectured at colleges and universities across the country, and taught at several prestigious schools. She also wrote articles and essays for the more lucrative American journals and periodicals. In addition to touring the country, she was able to see her many American friends, such as Eudora Welty, and her publishers, the Knopfs, as well as her lover, Charles Ritchie. This new continent allowed Bowen to confront old traumas on new grounds, especially in the American element of Eva Trout, in which she displaces the central question of the relationship between mother and child onto American soil to interrogate the (literally, in Jeremy's case) unspeakable nature of trauma.

Hazards of the Caribbean

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Elizabeth Hough ◽  
Roger G. Bilham
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
North America ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Continent ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
The Caribbean

The Caribbean is a place of romance. Idyllic beaches, buoyant cultures, lush tropical flora; even the Caribbean pirates of yore often find themselves romanticized in modern eyes, and on modern movie screens. Yet it requires barely a moment’s reflection to appreciate the enormous resilience that must exist in a place that is so routinely battered by storms of enormous ferocity. News stories tend to focus on large storms that reach the United States, but many large hurricanes arrive in the United States by way of the Caribbean. Before it slammed into South Carolina in 1989, Hurricane Hugo brushed the Caribbean islands, skimming Puerto Rico and devastating many small islands to its east. Other hurricanes have hit the islands more directly. These include Inez, which claimed some 1,500 lives in 1966, and the powerful Luis, which caused $2.5 billion in property damage and 17 deaths when it pummeled the Leeward Islands and parts of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands in 1995. Hurricanes also figure prominently in the pre-20th-century history of the Caribbean—storms that had no names, the sometimes lethal fury of which arrived unheralded by modern forecasts. Most people know that the Caribbean is hurricane country; probably few realize that it is earthquake country as well. After all, the western edge of North America is the active plate boundary; earthquakes occur in the more staid midcontinent and Atlantic seaboard, but far less commonly. What can be overlooked, however, is North America’s other active plate boundary. To understand the general framework of this other boundary, it is useful to return briefly to basic tenets of plate tectonics theory. As discussed in earlier chapters, the eastern edge of North America is known as a passive margin. Because the North American continent is not moving relative to the adjacent Atlantic oceanic crust, in plate tectonics terms, scientists do not differentiate between the North American continent and the western half of the Atlantic ocean.

THE SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL, SITONA CYLINDRICOLLIS FAHR.

1947 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Bird
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
International Boundary ◽  
Periodic Fluctuations

Farmers in Manitoba and Saskatchewan have reported considerable losses of sweet clover from the attacks of a small, dark grey weevil, Sitona cylindricollis Fahr. This insect is widely distributed in central and southern Europe and occurs in Ireland, England, Germany and France. It is not known when it was first introduced to the North American continent. Brown (2) found it abundant in 1927 from Montreal, Que., to a point on the International Boundary near Hemmingford, Que., and the Canadian National Collection contains specimens taken at Hemmingford in 1924 and 1925. Brown also reports that this species, was very abundant in the Ottawa, Ont., district in 1928 and that he took it at Shediac, N. B., in 1939. Hyslop (6) wrote thal S. cylindricollis was first found in the United States in 1933 at Middlebury, Vt., and that it was collected at Storrs, Conn., Amherst, Mass., and on the New York side of Lake Champlain Valley. In 1935 Caesar (3) found it near Lindsay and Newmarket, Ont., where it war causing severe damage to sweet clover. It was first recorded in Manitoba in 1939 when a widespread infestation occurred. In 1940 it completely defoliated a field of sweet clover near Waldeck, Sask., and by 1943 it was abundant at Medicine Hat, Alta. Following this rapid spread through the continent it has shown periodic fluctuations. Severe damage occurred in Manitoba in 1939 and 1940. In 1941 and 1942 it was somewhat reduced, becomming severe again in 1943, 1944 and 1945.

scholarly journals Address by the Representative of The University of California

1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
D. H. Mclaughlin
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
University Of California ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Remote Site ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Western Side ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of

Dr Oort and Members of the International Astronomical Union:On behalf of the President and the Regents of the University of California, I welcome you most cordially to our Berkeley campus. We are very pleased that you have elected to hold your second meeting in the United States after an interval of twenty-nine years. Your selection of this once remote site on the far western side of the North American continent is truly a gracious recognition on your part of the value of the contributions that the staff of the University of California has made to the advancement of astronomy and the sciences on which it depends to such an increasing degree.The University of California is a relatively young institution. Less than a century ago, this plaza, in which we are gathered this morning, was an open field—a sunny spot on the long, grassy slope from the hills to the bay which was then unbroken except for scattered clusters of oaks and a few low buildings at the distant landing.

scholarly journals Being Ourselves: Immigrant Culture and Self-Identification Among Young Haitians in Montréal

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Scooter Pégram
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Continent ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Immigration Legislation ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Immigrant Culture ◽  
Political Persecution ◽  
Eastern Seaboard

Since the early 1960s, large numbers of Haitians have emigrated from their native island nation. Changes in federal immigration legislation in the 1970s in both the United States and Canada enabled immigrants of colour a facilitated entry into the two countries, and this factor contributed to the arrival of Haitians to the North American continent. These newcomers primarily settled in cities along the eastern seaboard, in Boston, Miami, Montréal and New York. The initial motivator of this two-wave Haitian migration was the extreme political persecution that existed in Haiti under the iron-fisted rule of the Duvalier dictatorships and their secret police (popularly known as the “tontons macoutes”) over a thirty year period from the late 1950s to the mid 1980s.

1. Empires and migration

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Madeline Y. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
American Continent ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Asian Immigration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Historical Periods

The first Asians—Filipino “Luzon Indians” on a Spanish galleon—arrived on the North American continent in the late sixteenth century. Through periods of conquest and capitalism, and then colonization and adaptation, almost one million people from China, Japan, the Philippines, Korea, and India arrived seeking opportunities to better their fortunes and improve their lives. “Empires and migration,” outlines the key historical periods that facilitated this mobilization. It also explains that Asian immigration challenged the United States’ constitutional claims of equality for all, highlighting the question of which racial groups could claim citizenship, triggering America’s first attempts to systematically control its borders and limit the rights of immigrants and visitors.

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