scholarly journals AYURVEDA APPROACH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TRICHOMONAL VAGINITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KAPHAJA YONIVYAPADA - A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076-1082
Author(s):  
Singh Neelam K ◽  
Sengar Alok S ◽  
Khuntia Bipin B
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Local Antibiotics ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Modern Treatment ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginitis ◽  
Plant Compounds

Trichomonal vaginitis is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis. Persistent and recurrent infections are frequent in women, potentially due to the lack of routine screening recommendations for this pathogen, chronic nature of some infections and drug resistance. Modern treatment involves the use of systemic and local antibiotics which create a number of inconveniences during their usage. There are few alternative treatment options for persons with a metronidazole allergy or treatment failure. Ayurveda provides many alternatives and can prove a boon to the ailing humanity not only by curing the disease but also by preventing their recurrences. In Ayurvedic texts, various conditions giving rise to white discharge per vaginum had been described. The signs and symptoms of Shleshmala Yonivyapada are more or less similar to Trichomonal vaginitis. In recent decades, numerous efforts have been made to select, extract, and find the mechanism of plant compounds against pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases. In this article, management of Trichomonas vaginitis reviewed through an Ayurvedic text is elaborated in detail. Keywords Ayurveda, Kaphaja Yonivyapada, Trichomonal vaginitis, Yonistrava

Musculoskeletal disorders: genitourinary medicine perspective

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-399
Author(s):  
Sarup C Tayal ◽  
Peter Watson
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Genitourinary Medicine

Summary: The association of musculoskeletal disorders and genitourinary symptoms is reviewed. Reactive arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis can present with a variety of genitourinary symptoms. Similarly sexually transmitted diseases including gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV and other viral infections can affect the musculoskeletal system. Reiter's syndrome may be a consequence of a sexually transmitted infection although its presentation can suggest that also in postdysenteric cases. The fact that conditions may present to various medical specialties requires doctors outside departments of GUM to allow their patients an opportunity and the time to discuss sexual matters.

A Review on Diagnostic Methods for Trichomonas Vaginalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rahmani ◽  
Yahya Ehteshaminia ◽  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Seif Ali Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Introduction: Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection in the world, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, which infects the urogenital tract of men and women. Approximately, 250 million new cases of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection are reported worldwide each year. Trichomoniasis is also considered an important HIV co-infection. The infection is often asymptomatic but can be accompanied by symptoms such as severe inflammation, itching and irritation, foamy discharge, and malodorous smell mucus, but the signs and symptoms of the disease are not sufficient for specific diagnosis. Material and Methods: In this study, the websites of PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Margiran were searched and related articles were reviewed. Results: Only screening and the use of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic methods can identify asymptomatic individuals. Today, the most common way to diagnose the infection is to use wet slide, Pap smear and culture methods that do not have high sensitivity and specificity. Also, due to the increase in infection and its complications, finding an efficient, rapid, and easy test to detect the parasite and differentiate Trichomoniasis vaginitis from other sexually transmitted diseases is considered important and necessary. Conclusion: Nowadays, there are several diagnostic methods that differentiate trichomoniasis infection from other sexually transmitted infections with high accuracy and sensitivity. Of course, existing diagnostic methods mostly use women's urine and vaginal samples for diagnosis, and methods that specifically diagnose the infection in men are more limited.

scholarly journals An Unusual Presentation of an Endometriotic Chocolate Cyst

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
Shyam V Desai ◽  
Gaurav S Desai
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Adnexal Mass ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Chocolate Cyst

ABSTRACT Background Pelvic inflammatory disease is usually associated with gonococcal sexually transmitted infection. Its association with endometriosis has not been well documented. Case Report The authors report an unusual case of an endometriotic cyst in a 29-year-old nulliparous patient with clinical features of pelvic inflammatory disease. On treatment with antibiotics, the symptomatology subsided and signs of infection diminished. But subsequent imaging revealed a persistent right adnexal mass. A right chocolate cyst was found on laparoscopy and was treated with drainage and enucleation. Patient was administered three doses of GnRH analogs thereafter and is awaiting treatment for infertility. Conclusion Endometriotic cysts commonly manifest with dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea. The patient in this report presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of pelvic inflammatory disease which was secondary to a slow leak from a chocolate cyst. How to cite this article Desai GS, Desai SV. An Unusual Presentation of an Endometriotic Chocolate Cyst. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(1):46-48.

scholarly journals Molecular Typing of Mycoplasma genitalium-Positive Specimens Discriminates between Persistent and Recurrent Infections in Cases of Treatment Failure and Supports Contact Tracing

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Piñeiro ◽  
Pedro Idigoras ◽  
Gustavo Cilla
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Mycoplasma genitalium causes a sexually transmitted infection that sometimes persists or recurs despite adequate antibiotic treatment. Between 2014 and 2018, molecular typing was applied to 75 M. genitalium-positive samples from 48 patients with repeated infection and/or couples/groups of other infected sexual contacts. MG191 adhesin, MG309 lipoprotein, and the rRNA operon were amplified, sequenced, and typed using phylogenetic, variable number tandem repeat, and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis, respectively. Amplicons were obtained in 74/75 samples, and the combination of locus patterns gave 44 different genetic profiles (discriminatory index of 0.987), with 43 considering only MG191 and MG309. Interestingly, 15/17 patients who presented a first sample sensitive and a second resistant to macrolides had the same genetic variant in the samples (persistence of the same strain). In 2/17 patients, discordant variants (one mixed infection and one recurrence due to incomplete contact tracing) were detected. In 31 additional not related and randomly distributed samples, MG191 typing obtained 23 different genotypes, with no appreciable clustering over time. The typing method allowed persistent and recurrent infections to be distinguished, indicating that macrolide resistance-associated mutations mostly developed during treatment. To detect these secondary resistant strains, prevent reinfections, and improve the control of M. genitalium infections, tests of cure and contact tracing of sexual partners should be mandatory.

Experiences and preferences with sexually transmitted infection care and partner notification in Gaborone, Botswana

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110332
Author(s):  
Emily Hansman ◽  
Adriane Wynn ◽  
Neo Moshashane ◽  
Kehumile Ramontshonyana ◽  
Atlang Mompe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Partner Notification ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Treatment Education

Partner notification and treatment are essential to sexually transmitted infection (STI) management. However, in low- and middle-income countries, half of partners do not receive treatment. A mixed methods study was conducted to explore experiences and preferences around partner notification and treatment in patients seeking STI care in Gaborone, Botswana. Thirty participants were administered a quantitative survey, followed by a semi-structured interview on partner notification, treatment, and expedited partner therapy (EPT). Among the 30 participants, 77% were female with a median age of 28 years (IQR = 24–36), 87% notified their partner, and 45% of partners requiring treatment received treatment. Partners who received a contact slip were more likely to have been treated than those who did not (75% vs. 25%). Contact slips were identified as facilitators of notification and treatment, while asymptomatic partners and limited clinic resources were identified as barriers to treatment. Few participants expressed a preference for EPT and concerns included preference for medical supervision, a belief their partner would refuse, and an inability to explain the treatment. Despite successful notification, partner treatment was modest within this population. Information for partners, provider counseling, and improved access to services may increase partner treatment. Education on STIs and treatment options may improve EPT acceptability.

scholarly journals Giant Genital Condyloma Acuminatum: A case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poojan Thakor ◽  
Mohit Kumar Badgurjar ◽  
Giriraj Prajapati ◽  
Pankaj Saxena ◽  
Suman Parihar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Condyloma Acuminatum ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Abstract The giant condyloma acuminatum(GCA),also known as Buschke–Löwenstein tumor(BLT),is a type of human papilloma virus associated sexually transmitted infection. Various treatment options are available but best option amongst them is surgery. This case report present a GCA case in male with masses over lower abdomen and penile region where surgical resection is done, taking into account the high rate of recurrence and the significant potential of malignant transformation.

Chlamydia trachomatis anorectal infections by LGV (L1, L2 and L2b) and non-LGV serotypes in symptomatic patients in Buenos Aires, Argentina

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110383
Author(s):  
Luciana La Rosa ◽  
Laura Svidler López ◽  
Andrea C Entrocassi ◽  
Deysi López Aquino ◽  
Dolores Caffarena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Length Of Treatment ◽  
Anal Discharge

Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) can infect the anorectum producing various signs and symptoms. There is scarce literature regarding the differences between LGV and non-LGV CT anorectal manifestations. We compare the clinical spectrum of LGV and non-LGV infections. Methods Patients over 18 years with presumptive infectious anorectal symptoms were examined in two healthcare centres in Buenos Aires. The patients were studied and treated according to current sexually transmitted infection guidelines. Anorectal swabs were collected to detect and genotype CT. Results A three-year-long study on 317 patients with anorectal symptoms showed 45.11% CT infection (85% LGV strains). Of 140 samples, 92 were sequenced: 80/119 LGV (L2b 45%, L1 32.5% and L2 22.5%) and 12/21 non-LGV. Older age and HIV+ status were significantly higher in the LGV group. Anal discharge, bleeding, severe proctitis and anal ulcers were more common in the LGV group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HIV infection, anorectal bleeding and oro-anal sex are independent predictors of LGV infection. Conclusions In patients with anorectal symptoms, LGV serovars predominate over non-LGV ones. Clinical manifestations are not pathognomonic of a specific biovar. If genotyping is not available, having clinical predictors may help to presume an LGV infection and define length of treatment.

scholarly journals Indigenous Healers’ beliefs and practices concerning sexually transmitted diseases

Curationis ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
FM Mulaudzi ◽  
ON Makhubela-Nkondo
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Orthodox Medicine ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
The People ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Axial Coding

A Grounded Theory study has been used, based on its Theory of Symbolic Interactionism, to explore indigenous healers’ beliefs and practices concerning sexually transmitted diseases amongst the Vhavenda. Initial data collection has been done, using purposive sampling and when categories started emerging, theoretical sampling was then used. Data were analysed by using three basic types of coding namely, open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The findings of the study revealed a variety of terms used to identify STDs. It then also became evident that there are similarities between gonorrhoea, syphilis and condylomata as shown in the orthodox Sexually transmitted diseases posters used in orthodox medicine with some of the STDs that the indigenous healers are familiar with. In accordance with the Grounded Theory, the description of types of diseases, disease patterns as well as signs and symptoms culminated in the emergence of the Dirt Theory. Based on the above findings, it was recommended that guidelines for designing a module for teaching health professionals be formulated to assist nurses in understanding the beliefs and practices of the people they serve.

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