AYURVEDA APPROACH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TRICHOMONAL VAGINITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KAPHAJA YONIVYAPADA - A REVIEW

Trichomonal vaginitis is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis. Persistent and recurrent infections are frequent in women, potentially due to the lack of routine screening recommendations for this pathogen, chronic nature of some infections and drug resistance. Modern treatment involves the use of systemic and local antibiotics which create a number of inconveniences during their usage. There are few alternative treatment options for persons with a metronidazole allergy or treatment failure. Ayurveda provides many alternatives and can prove a boon to the ailing humanity not only by curing the disease but also by preventing their recurrences. In Ayurvedic texts, various conditions giving rise to white discharge per vaginum had been described. The signs and symptoms of Shleshmala Yonivyapada are more or less similar to Trichomonal vaginitis. In recent decades, numerous efforts have been made to select, extract, and find the mechanism of plant compounds against pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases. In this article, management of Trichomonas vaginitis reviewed through an Ayurvedic text is elaborated in detail. Keywords Ayurveda, Kaphaja Yonivyapada, Trichomonal vaginitis, Yonistrava

Clinicomicrobiological spectrum of abnormal discharge from vagina in women in costal Andhra Pradesh

Background: When there is change in colour, consistency, order and volume of discharge then it is called abnormal vaginal discharge and associated with vulvar pruritus, dyspareunia, dysuria and lower abdominal pain. There is variability in organism isolated and treatment used.Methods: Sexually active women in reproductive age group with complain of abnormal vaginal discharge were included in this study based in following inclusion and exclusion criteria. . A detailed history of patient was taken regarding nature of discharge, colour, smell along with dysuria, dyspareunia, itching of vulva and lower abdominal pain.Results: Out of 160 patients 88 patients have bacterial vaginosis. Trichomonas vaginitis was present in 7.5% patients. Candidiasis was present in 6.25% patients. Some patients were having more than one infection like Bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginitis was coexisting in 13.75%, Bacterial vaginosis + Candidiasis were present in 8.75% patients. Mixed infection was present in 8.75%.Conclusions: From present study we can conclude that vaginal discharge is more common in married women in young age. Patients commonly presented with curdy white discharge, pruritus vulva and lower abdominal pain. Erythema and excoriation in vulva were common presentation, followed by erythema of vagina. Nature of discharge was mucopurulent in most patients. Bacterial vaginosis was most common followed by Trichomonas vaginitis.

Observation and Nursing of the Curative Effect of Ag/TiO2 Nanomaterials on Bacterial Vaginosis and Trichomonal Vaginitis

This study investigated the effect of nano-Ag/TiO2 composite antibacterial agent on bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas vaginitis. Bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas vaginitis were treated with nano-Ag/TiO2 composite antibacterial agent (composite treatment group) and ornidazole suppository (traditional treatment group). Vaginal secretions from both treatment groups were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the methods. The effective rate of the nano-Ag/TiO2 composite antibacterial agent was 97.0% for bacterial vaginosis and 94.4% for trichomonas vaginitis. The traditional treatment method, ornidazole suppository, showed an effective rate of 79.5% for bacterial vaginitis and 88.9% for trichomonas vaginitis. Therefore, the nano-Ag/TiO2 composite antibacterial agent was determined to be an effective treatment method for bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas vaginitis.

Co-infected with trichomonas vaginitis increases the risk of CIN2-3 among HPV16 positive female: a large population-based study

Background: Evidences suggested that the vaginal microbiome played a functional role in the progression of cervical lesions in female infected by HPV. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of common vaginal infection on the carcinogenicity of hr-HPV.Methods: From January 15, 2017 to December 31, 2017, 310,545 female aged at least 30 years old had been recruited for cervical cancer screening from 9 clinical research centers in Central China. All the recruited participants received cervical cancer screening and vaginal microenvironment test by a high vaginal swab. Colposcopy-directed biopsy was recommended for female who were infected with HPV 16 and HPV 18 and other positive hr-HPV types through test had undertaken triage using liquid-based cytology, cases with the results ≥ ASCUS among them were referred to colposcopy directly.Results: Among 310,545 female, 6,067 (1.95%) were tested with positive HPV 16 and HPV 18, 18,297 (5.89%) were tested with other positive hr-HPV genotypes, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) were detected in 861 cases, 377 cases, 423 cases and 77 cases, respectively. Candida albicans and Gardnerella were not associated with the progression of cervical lesions. Positive trichomonas vaginitis (TV) was correlated with hr-HPV infection (p<0.0001). Co-infection with TV increased the risk of CIN 1 among female infected with hr-HPV (OR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.42-2.31). Coinfection with TV increased the risk of CIN 2-3 among female infected with HPV 16 (OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.16-2.53).Conclusions: Co-infection of TV and HPV 16 is an important risk factor for the progression of cervical lesions.

Trichomonal vaginitis: what should be done?

The lack of effectiveness of antibacterial and anti-in­flammatory therapy dictates the need to find new ways of treating mixed inflammatory diseases of the vagina in women with the use of new generation antibiotics. Mate­rials and methods of research. There were 72 patients aged 17 - 36 years with trichomonas vaginitis living in the city of Zaporizhzhya under observation. All women un­derwent a general clinical examination, three times (up to, 2 weeks and 3 months after the start of treatment) microscopic and bacteriological examination of vaginal discharge. The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated 3 months after the start of treatment. Results of the study and their discussion. Patients with trichomonas vagini­tis have profound disorders of the relationship between obligate and pathogenic microorganisms, which contrib­utes to the recurrence of the pathological process and deterioration of quality of life. Conclusions: in the treat­ment of trichomonas vaginitis, the effectiveness of a drug containing ornidazole is better than that of metronidazole. Combined use of antibacterial drugs with ornidazole and ornidazole, neomycin sulfate, nystatin, prednisolone, with broad antibacterial properties and activity against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lacbia intestisis, Fardi intubisides (Fardium intestisis, fid- ium intestisis) and anaerobic cocci, effectively normalize the vaginal microflora indices in bacterial - fungal - tricho­monas vaginitis, shorten the treatment time, prevent the development of relapses in the future, thereby improving the quality of life of patients.

Profile of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among Patients Attending Community Health Centre (CHC), Rangat

Background: The sexually transmitted infections are common communicable diseases spread through sexual contacts and caused by a broad range of pathogens, e. g., bacteria, chlamydia, virus, fungus, protozoa, ectoparasites, etc. Methods: The study was conducted at Community Health Centre, Rangat, Middle Andaman. This was a cross sectional study involving all the patients attended CHC, Rangat during the period from April, 2017 to October, 2019. The statistical data is expressed as numbers and percentages. Result: 23 patients were diagnosed to have STIs during the study period. Herpes genitalis is the predominant STI diagnosed in 6 patients followed by condyloma acuminata, chancroid, molluscum, trichomonas vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis. Conclusion: Thus, we performed this study to analyse the prevalence of sexually transmitted infection among patients attending CHC, Rangat. This study will be useful for planning and implementation of health care.

Adolescent Vulvovaginitis

Vulvovaginitis is a common complaint in adolescents. There are specific and nonspecific causes. Specific causes include sexually transmitted infections and so it is important to take a sexual history in any adolescent presenting with vulvovaginal complaints. A sexual history should be taken in a sensitive and confidential manner. Diagnosis of vulvovaginitis requires an external genital examination and may require a pelvic examination based on other presenting symptoms. Microscopy is typically used to make a diagnosis. More sensitive or specific point of care tests are commercially available, but they can be cost prohibitive. Treatment of vulvovaginitis is based on underlying pathology and often a review of vaginal hygiene may be necessary.In special patient populations, extended or repeat treatment may be necessary. This review contains 3 figures, 2 tables, and 21 references. Key Words: adolescent, bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, confidentiality, discharge, dysuria, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), trichomonas, vaginitis, wet prep