scholarly journals Application of the term «tort» in the science of administrative law

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
YA.V. VASILIEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Law ◽  
Current State ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
State Of The Science ◽  
Broad Meaning ◽  
Administrative Responsibility

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the science of administrative law on the issue of administrative and legal terminology. The article considers the opinions of scientists on the content of the term “tort” in order to specify the interpretation and consolidate it in the theory of law as a legal category. The article analyzes the doctrinal definitions of the term “administrative tort” proposed by science and the admissibility of its use in the sphere of administrative responsibility. The author comes to the conclusion about the broad meaning of the term in question, its lack of identity to the concept of administrative offense.

What’s So Special about the Developing Immune System?

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Ann Burns-Naas ◽  
Kenneth L. Hastings ◽  
Gregory S. Ladics ◽  
Susan L. Makris ◽  
George A. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of The Science ◽  
Developmental Immunotoxicity ◽  
Nonhuman Species

The evolution of the subdiscipline of developmental immunotoxicology (DIT) as it exists today has been shaped by significant regulatory pressures as well as key scientific advances. This review considers the role played by legislation to protect children’s health, and on the emergence of immunotoxcity and developmental immunotoxicity guidelines, as well as providing some context to the need for special attention on DIT by considering the evidence that the developing immune system may have unique susceptibilities when compared to the adult immune system. Understanding the full extent of this potential has been complicated by a paucity of data detailing the development of the immune system during critical life stages as well as by the complexities of comparisons across species. Notably, there are differences between humans and nonhuman species used in toxicity testing that include specific differences relative to the timing of the development of the immune system as well as more general anatomic differences, and these differences must be factored into the interpretation of DIT studies. Likewise, understanding how the timing of the immune development impacts on various immune parameters is critical to the design of DIT studies, parameters most extensively characterized to date in young adult animals. Other factors important to DIT, which are considered in this review, are the recognition that effects other than suppression (e.g., allergy and autoimmunity) are important; the need to improve our understanding of how to assess the potential for DIT in humans; and the role that pathology has played in DIT studies in test animals. The latter point receives special emphasis in this review because pathology evaluations have been a major component of standard nonclinical toxicology studies, and could serve an important role in studies to evaluate DIT. This possibility is very consistent with recommendations to incorporate a DIT evaluation into standard developmental and reproductive toxicology (DART) protocols. The overall objective of this review is to provide a ‘snapshot’ of the current state-of-the-science of DIT. Despite significant progress, DIT is still evolving and it is our hope that this review will advance the science.

scholarly journals Criminal procedure mechanism of pre-trial settlement of simple criminal and legal disputes: current state and direction of improvement

2019 ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Владимир Шерстнев ◽  
Vladimir Sherstnev
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Trial Procedure ◽  
Enforcement Mechanism ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Creation

One of the directions for improving the enforcement mechanism (criminal law norms) is the creation of a simplified pre-trial procedure for resolving simple criminal- legal disputes. The author makes several suggestions for creating such a procedure. This implies increased competition in the legal organization of pre-trial proceedings and the emergence of the possibility of replacing the criminal law measure of liability with administrative law or civil law.

scholarly journals Multimodal Emotion Recognition using Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Sharmeen M.Saleem Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Siddeeq Y. Ameen Ameen ◽  
Mohammed Mohammed sadeeq ◽  
Subhi Zeebaree
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Multimodal Signals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Multimodal Emotion Recognition ◽  
New Research ◽  
State Of The Science ◽  
Facial Images

New research into human-computer interaction seeks to consider the consumer's emotional status to provide a seamless human-computer interface. This would make it possible for people to survive and be used in widespread fields, including education and medicine. Multiple techniques can be defined through human feelings, including expressions, facial images, physiological signs, and neuroimaging strategies. This paper presents a review of emotional recognition of multimodal signals using deep learning and comparing their applications based on current studies. Multimodal affective computing systems are studied alongside unimodal solutions as they offer higher accuracy of classification. Accuracy varies according to the number of emotions observed, features extracted, classification system and database consistency. Numerous theories on the methodology of emotional detection and recent emotional science address the following topics. This would encourage studies to understand better physiological signals of the current state of the science and its emotional awareness problems.

Philisophy and Theory of Law

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Corporate Law ◽  
Medical Law ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Law ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
Massive Information

Understanding of the philosophy and theory behind the law is significance to law makers, legal practitioners, academicians and laymen. The rationales are to have some understanding of public policy and the real aim of the laws that made up particular practices or the root of practices. Therefore, this book highlight selected philosophy and theory of laws in the area of commercial, financial and corporate law; medical law; constitutional and administrative law and lastly human resource law. The massive information and knowledge in this book will benefits law makers, legal practitioners, academicians, universities students in understanding the philosophy and theory of the law first, before appreciating and applying the substantive law in their profession and life.

scholarly journals ALS drug development guidances and trial guidelines

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsy A. Andrews ◽  
Lucie I. Bruijn ◽  
Jeremy M. Shefner
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
External Input ◽  
Draft Guidance ◽  
Current State ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Predictive Algorithms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
State Of The Science

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed a draft guidance for drug development in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that was issued in February 2018. The FDA draft guidance considered the recommendations developed by the ALS community that incorporated the views of a large group of clinical investigators, industry representatives, advocacy groups, patients, and caregivers. This external input from the ALS community reviewed the current state of clinical research in ALS, made suggestions over a wide range of drug development topics, and served as an educational tool to provide the agency with additional inputs about ALS, the state of the science, and the community's views on key topics. In parallel to this effort, there was an independent effort to revise and update the ALS Clinical Trial Guidelines. We discuss the areas of agreement of these 3 documents and the areas that provide opportunities to improve the efficiency of drug development in ALS. It is likely that further research into biomarkers, efficacy endpoints, and predictive algorithms will provide greater alignment among community stakeholders and increase clarity on drug development efforts going forward. Continued patient engagement and inclusion of patient experience data in every aspect of the drug development process will further facilitate the approval of new treatments.

Neuropsychological Profile of Children with Early and Continuously Treated Phenylketonuria: Systematic Review and Future Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Canton ◽  
Didier Le Gall ◽  
François Feillet ◽  
Chrystele Bonnemains ◽  
Arnaud Roy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Current State ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Executive Impairment ◽  
State Of The Science

AbstractObjective: To provide a comprehensive systematic review of the literature by examining studies published on all cognitive aspects of children with early and continuously treated phenylketonuria (ECT-PKU) included in the databases Medline, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLE. Method: In addition to a classical approach, we summarized methodology and results of each study in order to discuss current theoretical and methodological issues. We also examined recent advances in biochemical markers and treatments of PKU, with implications for future research on metabolic control and its role as a determinant of neuropsychological outcome. Results: Consistent with previous reviews, the hypothesis of a specific and central executive impairment in children with ECT-PKU was suggested. However, findings are inconclusive regarding the nature of executive impairments as well as their specificity, impact on everyday life, persistence over time, and etiology. Conclusion: Given the current state of the science, we suggest future directions for research that utilizes a developmental and integrative approach to examine the effects of recent advances in biochemical markers and treatment of PKU. (JINS, 2019, 25, 624–643)

Moral Distress: The State of the Science

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra R. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Moral Distress ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
State Of The Science ◽  
Topical Area

Moral distress, a complex human experience, has lacked a clear, complete definition. Intuitively, clinicians know that moral distress might be occurring for patients with increasing frequency due to technological advances that alter the natural order of life and death. Yet clinicians have not been able to evaluate the presence or extent of moral distress. To date, moral distress has been investigated mainly as an occupational issue using Jameton’s (1984) definition, which has been problematic for several reasons. Without an adequate definition, moral distress can be unrecognized, yet have a silent, clinically significant impact on health. The literature is discussed from several perspectives to show the current state of the science in this topical area, and its potential future.

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