scholarly journals Citizen Science and Food: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Reynolds ◽  
Libby Oakden ◽  
Sarah West ◽  
Rachel Pateman ◽  
Chris Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Chemical Contaminant ◽  
The Uk

Citizen science and food is part of a new programme of work to explore how we can involve the communities we serve when building the evidence-base on which policy decisions are made. Citizen science is an approach that can provide high volumes of data with a wide geographic spread. It is relatively quick to deploy and allows access to evidence we would ordinarily have difficulty collating. This methodology has been endorsed by the European Commission for Research, Science and Innovation. There is no one size fits all definition, but citizen science projects involves engaging with communities and asking them to be part of the project, either through engaging them in data collection or through other ways of co-creation. For participants, citizen science offers learning opportunities, the satisfaction of contributing to scientific evidence and the potential to influence policy. It can also give us data which is high in volume, has wide geographical spread, is relatively quick to deploy and that we couldn’t access any other way. Projects using these methods often involve engaging with communities and asking them to be part of the project. This can be either through working with them in data collection, or through co-creation. This report demonstrates that the research community are already undertaking numerous pieces of research that align with FSA’s evidence needs. This includes examples from the UK and other global communities. Participants in such research have collected data on topics ranging from food preparation in the home to levels of chemical contaminant in foods. The findings of this report outline that citizen science could allow the FSA to target and facilitate more systematic engagement with UK and global research communities, to help address key research priorities of the FSA.

scholarly journals Progress in designing and delivering effective fishing industry-science data collection in the UK

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mangi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right

This study was undertaken to address the increasing need for a strategic approach to industry–science data collections in the face of reducing resources and growing need for evidence in fisheries management. The aim was to evaluate progress in the development of plans and procedures that can be employed to collect, record and use fishing industry knowledge and data in the evidence base for managing fisheries. This was achieved by reviewing industry‐led data initiatives already undertaken or ongoing within the United Kingdom to document how these projects have/are incorporating fishing industry data into the process of management decision‐making; canvassing stakeholder opinion on data gaps and whether these could be filled by data gathered by commercial fishing vessels; establishing what issues might prevent or stimulate commercial fishing vessels in collecting data when they have the opportunity; and describing guidance on a step‐by‐step process for gathering scientific information such that fishers are empowered to collect the right data, at the right times and in the right format for their fishery. Given recent advances in the collection, interpretation and application of fisheries‐dependent data, we compare progress made in the UK to other areas of the world. We conclude that there is considerable evidence of a paradigm shift from the conventional practice of scientists asking fishers to provide data for scientific analyses towards full engagement of key stakeholders in data collection.

scholarly journals Identifying research priorities for occupational therapy in the UK: A James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership

2021 ◽  
pp. 030802262110265
Author(s):  
Jo Watson ◽  
Katherine Cowan ◽  
Hannah Spring ◽  
Jenny Mac Donnell ◽  
Ruth Unstead-Joss
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
James Lind Alliance ◽  
The Uk

Introduction As the scope and nature of practice evolves in an ever-changing health and social care landscape, it is imperative the profession continues to expand the evidence base underpinning interventions. The Royal College of Occupational Therapists partnered with the James Lind Alliance to bring together people with lived experience, occupational therapists and other people working in the health and care sector to identify contemporary research priorities for the profession in the United Kingdom. Method The JLA’s well-established methodology was adopted. An opening consultation survey gathered unanswered questions. Analysis of responses and evidence checking preceded an initial prioritisation survey. The final prioritisation workshop drew on nominal group technique. Findings 927 respondents submitted 2193 questions. Those within the project’s scope were captured in 66 overarching summary questions using thematic analysis. These were initially ranked by 1140 respondents. 18 questions comprising the 10 most highly ranked by people with lived experience and by those with professional experience were considered by 19 participants in the final workshop. Together, they reached consensus on the Top 10 priorities. Conclusion These research priorities provide a contemporary framework influencing and guiding future research, ensuring it addresses the issues of greatest importance to people accessing and delivering services.

The UK Government agrees to create the world's largest marine reserve around the Pitcairn Islands, a UK Overseas Territory in the South Pacific

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence P. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Advocacy Campaigns ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk

In March 2015, the UK Government announced their intention to create the World’s largest marine reserve in the territorial waters of the Pitcairn Islands in the Pacific Ocean. This achievement followed a concerted effort by a consortium of scientists, environmental campaigners and Members of Parliament, who engaged cooperatively in the building of the scientific evidence base and advocacy campaigns.

scholarly journals What Will Happen to This Dog? A Qualitative Analysis of Rehoming Organisations' Pre-adoption Dog Behaviour Screening Policies and Procedures

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Griffin ◽  
Elizabeth John ◽  
Tom Pike ◽  
Daniel S. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Human Safety ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Uk

Rehoming organisations often undertake some type of behaviour evaluation to determine dogs' suitability for rehoming and/or the type of suitable home. Assessments can carry considerable weight in determining dogs' fates. Although evaluation of the validity and reliability of any test is important, a more fundamental consideration is if the nature of the information sought and the weight given to this in organisations' decision making is of more than anecdotal value. Therefore, this study's aim was to conduct a qualitative analysis of organisations' pre-adoption dog behaviour screenings and potential justifications, comparing this with the available scientific evidence. A written enquiry was sent electronically to rehoming organisations in the UK and US from February 2016-July 2017. Of 73 respondents, the majority conducted assessments for all dogs. Using a thematic analysis, nine themes and 71 sub-themes emerged concerning the types of information respondents aim to gather from assessments. The majority of respondents used, at least partially, pass/fail scoring, i.e., certain outcomes would lead to dogs being deemed unadoptable. Forty-one sub-themes and one theme were identified as potentially leading to a dog being deemed unadoptable. The evidence base for these factors was identified from the scientific literature relating to: increased risk for relinquishment, impact on a dog's quality of life, and human safety risk. Evidence supported 10 factors: “aggression towards people”, “aggression towards cats or other animals”, “aggression towards dogs”, “biting or snapping”, “resource guarding”, “activity level or exercise needs”, “destructiveness”, “housetrained”, “fearfulness”, and “knowledge of basic commands and/or general training”. Of those, seven were associated only with relinquishment risk, two (“resource guarding”, “knowledge of basic commands”) with human safety risk, and one (“fearfulness”) with both. Thus, for >85% of characteristics organisations deemed important for dogs' adoptability, scientific evidence to support this is lacking. More research is needed to investigate the value of behaviour assessments, especially concerning the assessment of factors that could pose a public safety risk. However, given the current lack of scientific support for many decisions regarding dogs' rehoming suitability and recognised pressure on resources, it is suggested that organisations should focus on pre-adoption adopter education and post-adoption support.

scholarly journals AMR Consumer Perceptions Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Gillespie ◽  
Maya King
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Consumer Survey ◽  
National Action Plan ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

As part of the UK national action plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the Food Standards Agency (FSA) is working to improve the scientific evidence base around consumer perceptions and understanding. A consumer survey was carried out in 2016 and 2019, and replicated in 2021, to understand current views and awareness, and to identify any changes over time.

Mine water heat and heat storage research opportunities at the UK Geoenergy Observatory in Glasgow, UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Monaghan ◽  
Vanessa Starcher ◽  
Hugh Barron ◽  
Fiona Fordyce ◽  
Helen Taylor-Curran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Water ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Resource Sustainability ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Storage

<p>Mine water geothermal heat production and storage can provide a decarbonised source of energy for space heating and cooling, however the large resource potential has yet to be exploited widely. Besides economic, regulatory and licensing barriers, geoscientific uncertainties such as detailed understanding of thermal and hydrogeological subsurface processes, resource sustainability and potential environmental impacts remain.</p><p>The UK Geoenergy Observatory in Glasgow is a research infrastructure for investigating shallow, low-temperature coal mine water heat energy resources available in abandoned and flooded mine workings at depths of around 50-90 m. It is an at-scale ‘underground laboratory’ of 12 boreholes, surface monitoring equipment and open data. The Glasgow Observatory is accepting requests for researchers and innovators to undertake their own experiments, test sensors and methods to increase the scientific evidence base and reduce uncertainty for this shallow geothermal technology.</p>

scholarly journals So near yet so far: why won’t the UK prescribe medical cannabis?

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e038687 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nutt ◽  
Steve Bazire ◽  
Lawrence D Phillips ◽  
Anne Katrin Schlag
Keyword(s):  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Gain Access

Although cannabis-based products for medicinal use are now legal in the UK, it is still challenging for patients to gain access, and only very few National Health Service prescriptions have been written to date. This paper attempts to make sense of why the UK lags behind so many other countries which also have legalised medical cannabis. From consulting with parents and patients, prescribers, pharmacists and decision-makers it seems that there are a series of distinct barriers to prescribing that need to be overcome in order to improve patient access to medical cannabis in the UK. These include concerns about the perceived lack of scientific evidence. To alleviate these concerns, we highlight the importance of patient-centred approaches including patient-reported outcomes, pharmacoepidemiology and n=1 trials, which can contribute to the development of the evidence base for medical cannabis. We hope that this paper will help policymakers and prescribers understand the challenges to prescribing and so help them develop approaches to overcome the current situation which is detrimental to patients.

scholarly journals Medical cannabis in the UK: From principle to practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 931-937
Author(s):  
Anne Katrin Schlag ◽  
David S Baldwin ◽  
Michael Barnes ◽  
Steve Bazire ◽  
Rachel Coathup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Patient Survey ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Recent Patient ◽  
The Uk

Background: In the UK, medical cannabis was approved in November 2018, leading many patients to believe that the medicine would now be available on the NHS. Yet, to date, there have been only 12 NHS prescriptions and less than 60 prescriptions in total. In marked contrast, a recent patient survey by the Centre for Medical Cannabis (Couch, 2020) found 1.4 m people are using illicit cannabis for medical problems. Aims: Such a mismatch between demand and supply is rare in medicine. This article outlines some of the current controversies about medical cannabis that underpin this disparity, beginning by contrasting current medical evidence from research studies with patient-reported outcomes. Outcomes: Although definite scientific evidence is scarce for most conditions, there is significant patient demand for access to medical cannabis. This disparity poses a challenge for prescribers, and there are many concerns of physicians when deciding if, and how, to prescribe medical cannabis which still need to be addressed. Potential solutions are outlined as to how the medical profession and regulators could respond to the strong demand from patients and families for access to medical cannabis to treat chronic illnesses when there is often a limited scientific evidence base on whether and how to use it in many of these conditions. Conclusions: There is a need to maximise both clinical research and patient benefit, in a safe, cautious and ethical manner, so that those patients for whom cannabis is shown to be effective can access it. We hope our discussion and outlines for future progress offer a contribution to this process.

Ethnic Differences in Self-Poisoning Across South London

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-272
Author(s):  
Sean Cross ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Paul I. Dargan ◽  
David M. Wood ◽  
Shaun L. Greene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
White Women ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Background: Self-poisoning (overdose) is the commonest form of self-harm cases presenting to acute secondary care services in the UK, where there has been limited investigation of self-harm in black and minority ethnic communities. London has the UK’s most ethnically diverse areas but presents challenges in resident-based data collection due to the large number of hospitals. Aims: To investigate the rates and characteristics of self-poisoning presentations in two central London boroughs. Method: All incident cases of self-poisoning presentations of residents of Lambeth and Southwark were identified over a 12-month period through comprehensive acute and mental health trust data collection systems at multiple hospitals. Analysis was done using STATA 12.1. Results: A rate of 121.4/100,000 was recorded across a population of more than half a million residents. Women exceeded men in all measured ethnic groups. Black women presented 1.5 times more than white women. Gender ratios within ethnicities were marked. Among those aged younger than 24 years, black women were almost 7 times more likely to present than black men were. Conclusion: Self-poisoning is the commonest form of self-harm presentation to UK hospitals but population-based rates are rare. These results have implications for formulating and managing risk in clinical services for both minority ethnic women and men.

Archives of the Dance (21): Siobhan Davies Dance Online

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH WHATLEY
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Digital Archive ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The Uk

In 2006, an Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) grant was awarded to researchers at Coventry University to create a digital archive of the work of Siobhan Davies Dance. The award is significant in acknowledging the limited resources readily available to dance scholars as well as to dance audiences in general. The archive, Siobhan Davies Dance Online, 1 will be the first digital dance archive in the UK. Mid-way through the project, Sarah Whatley, who is leading the project, reflects on some of the challenges in bringing together the collection, the range of materials that is going to be available within the archive and what benefits the archive should bring to the research community, the company itself and to dance in general.

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