scholarly journals Losses in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains: challenges in efficient vaccine distribution and utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Oksana Pozniak ◽  
Valentina Khmylievska ◽  
Marie Jeanne Ishimwe
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Vaccine Distribution

The article is devoted to the research the problems that arise in pharmaceutical vaccine supply chains. Slow vaccination leads to global economic losses, and the lack of free access to vaccines in many developing countries is a problem not so much in the economic category as in the cost of human life category, which is confirmed by the research of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the United Nations (UN). Pharmaceutical vaccine supply chains are subject to special organization and flow management requirements to avoid waste. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, bottlenecks inevitably arise that lead to economic, social, human losses, potential and real losses of vaccines and an increasing pressure on reverse logistics. The main bottlenecks at each stage of the supply chain have been identified, which indicate a shift in the main problems in the pharmaceutical supply chain to the distribution and last mile logistics. A detailed analysis of the vaccine distribution system in the city of Kiev was carried out with the help of sites that cover information on used vaccines and losses based on the types of vaccination points of different forms of ownership. Vaccination sites were ranked according to the degree of effective use of vaccines. As a result, the problems of insufficient information support of the vaccination campaign by government agencies were identified, which leads to the loss of vaccines. The role of the state in solving these problems was assumed by public organizations. To accomplish these tasks, an interactive vaccination map was launched, which makes it possible to find the nearest vaccination point, see how many vaccinations were given in a particular medical institution and how many vaccine doses were potentially lost. For the study, empirical research, data analysis and synthesis, expert assessments and generalization methods were used. Calculated the amount of real and potential monetary losses from vaccines that have been disposed of. Recommendations on the use of innovative tools such as Blockchain to prevent potential and manage existing problems in pharmaceutical vaccine supply chains were provided.

Distributed Trust Using Blockchain for Efficient Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

2019 ◽  
pp. 248-268
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Nageswar ◽  
Siva Yellampalli
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Business Excellence ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
Last Mile Delivery

With traditional ERP systems, there is a lack of networking among suppliers, partners, and logistics providers. So, there is a need to have a holistic view of production and movement of goods from production to last mile delivery. The physical and digital supply chains need to be integrated to ensure secure supply chains that promote business excellence, collaboration among stakeholders, and reduce costs. The high-level view over their supply chains allows them to function better in a multi-channel world. It also helps them identify where to reduce stock without compromising customer service. Otherwise, it leads to a delay in delivery, counterfeit products, thefts, fraud, and cyberpiracy, which may lead to lawsuits and losing of brand image. The tacit function of supply chain management is to provide tracking of specific goods in the supply chain. So, it is imperative to leverage the blockchain technology stack to map multi-enterprise value networks and enable connected multi-modal networks.

Applications of Operations Research in Production and Distribution Management of Pharmaceutical Products

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-77
Author(s):  
Mahsa Yousefi Sarmad ◽  
Mir Saman Pishvaee
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Distribution Management ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Business Entities

Pharmaceutical industry is considered as a global industry because of its effects on the human life. Many researchers used optimization tools to manage the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) efficiently. A supply chain may be defined as an integrated process where several business entities work together to produce goods and/or services and deliver them to the end customer. The issue of PSC which includes strategic, tactical and operational decisions, is still a quite hot issue. The intended mission of this chapter is to introduce and discuss the recent developments of procurement, production and distribution management of pharmaceutical products in order to pave the way for the readers who are interested in this area of research. Notably, the focus of the chapter is on quantitative OR-based models which enable the decision makers to appropriately coordinate and manage the whole pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Antecedents to buyer-supplier coordination in the pharmaceutical supply chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-303
Author(s):  
Thanigavelan Jambulingam ◽  
Ravi Kathuria
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Supply Chain Coordination ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chain Process ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pharmaceutical Distribution ◽  
Process Coordination

Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the antecedents that influence supply chain coordination in the pharmaceutical supply chain using the transaction cost analysis framework. Design/methodology/approach Data from 156 retail pharmacies on their relationship with the pharmaceutical wholesalers are used to test the hypotheses. Findings The findings of this paper show the importance of antecedents that are based on the transactional cost theory, such as asset specificity and environmental uncertainty. These antecedents impact the supply chain process coordination at different levels – transactional, operational and strategic. Research limitations/implications Future research may investigate additional antecedents using other theoretical lenses. Practical implications Pharmaceutical wholesalers are dependent on pharmaceutical manufacturers for the supply of products and face intense competition that results in lower profit margins. Given that the pharmaceutical industry is strictly regulated, the wholesaler facilitates regulatory compliance of the manufacturers in the distribution process by coordinating with them. But the wholesalers do also face a constant threat from the manufacturers, who could potentially bypass the wholesalers (disintermediation) and go directly to the pharmacies. To counterbalance the dependence, the wholesalers strive to achieve loyalty with the retail pharmacies. Through supply chain coordination, the wholesalers achieve efficiency in procurement for the pharmacies, thus reducing cost and improving their competitive advantage. Social implications Supply chain coordination in the pharmaceutical supply chain improves the safety and security of the pharmaceutical distribution system. Originality/value This paper contributes to the supply chain coordination stream of literature. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to develop the three levels of process coordination in the pharmaceutical supply chain context. This paper shows how process coordination can be achieved between the dyad without vertical integration.

Characteristics of Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-205
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar Ponnusamy ◽  
Anbalagan Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
Process Operations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chains ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost

The pharmaceutical supply chain is presently a noteworthy research topic in process operations and administration. A lot of research has been embraced on office area and configuration, stock and circulation arranging, limit and generation arranging, and point-by-point planning. Just a little extent of this work straightforwardly addresses the issues confronted in the pharmaceutical division. The pharmaceutical industry is facing extraordinary difficulties caused by a maturing population, the expanding expense of medicinal services, the priority given by the governments to bring down the cost of medications, boundaries to a passage in developing markets, and the more extensive reception of non-specific medications. These are quite recently a portion of the many difficulties making weight on the overall revenue of pharmaceutical firms. Expanded expenses of R&D and a diminished number of affirmed sedates additionally demonstrates that the lion's share of prescription, which is anything but difficult to find, has just been found.

Distributed Trust Using Blockchain for Efficient Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1129-1145
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Nageswar ◽  
Siva Yellampalli
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Business Excellence ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
Last Mile Delivery

With traditional ERP systems, there is a lack of networking among suppliers, partners, and logistics providers. So, there is a need to have a holistic view of production and movement of goods from production to last mile delivery. The physical and digital supply chains need to be integrated to ensure secure supply chains that promote business excellence, collaboration among stakeholders, and reduce costs. The high-level view over their supply chains allows them to function better in a multi-channel world. It also helps them identify where to reduce stock without compromising customer service. Otherwise, it leads to a delay in delivery, counterfeit products, thefts, fraud, and cyberpiracy, which may lead to lawsuits and losing of brand image. The tacit function of supply chain management is to provide tracking of specific goods in the supply chain. So, it is imperative to leverage the blockchain technology stack to map multi-enterprise value networks and enable connected multi-modal networks.

Healthcare RFID In Germany: An Integrated Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Chircu ◽  
Eldar Sultanow ◽  
Satya Prakash Saraswat
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Chain Process ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Chain Processes ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Supply Chain Process ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

Todays healthcare environments are characterized by a variety of products, services, and associated data and information that are transferred across many healthcare sector participants. Pharmaceutical supply chains in particular are one example of fragmented information flows among supply chain participants. Pharmaceutical supply chain processes have a crucial influence on medication quality and ultimate patient outcomes. When manufacturing problems arise, temperature control cannot be maintained throughout the supply chain, counterfeit medications enter the supply chain, containers are damaged or sensitive medication is improperly transported and stored, the drugs effectiveness can be affected and this can result in serious consequences, including patient sickens or even death. In this paper, we analyze Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID), a technology that can improve communication of data and information, reduce counterfeiting, and enable monitoring of drug quality in pharmaceutical supply chains. The study is conducted in the context of an RFID platform implemented in Germany. The paper extends and complements previous studies by analyzing the RFID implementation and business value in an end-to-end supply chain process across multiple stakeholders in the pharmaceutical supply chain, from the manufacturer via the wholesaler to pharmacies and hospitals. The results confirm that RFID benefits are realized when supply chain processes are changed with the help of technology, but that different supply chain participants have different benefit realization perceptions. The analysis further reveals specific types of process changes for each supply chain participant and their corresponding benefits.

scholarly journals Medicine quality in high-income countries: The obstacles to comparative prevalence studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239920262110522
Author(s):  
Bernard David Naughton ◽  
Ebru Akgul
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Substandard Medicines ◽  
Medicine Quality ◽  
International Comparative

The entry of falsified and substandard medicines into the legitimate pharmaceutical supply chain has negative impacts on healthcare systems, patient safety, and patient access to medicine. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of access to safe medicine through legitimate pharmaceutical supply chains and the willingness of criminals to target medical products such as PPE (personal protective equipment) and COVID-19 treatments. In this article, we analyse data from the United Kingdom (UK) national medicine alert and recall database to identify and understand recent cases of substandard and falsified medicine in the UK’s healthcare systems. Using the UK as a case study, we describe that national drug alert and recall data are useful in their current form to record and understand cases of substandard and falsified medicines in the supply chain. However, if regulatory agencies published further data, these drug recall databases may be useful to support longitudinal and international comparative medicine quality studies. We suggest that regulatory agencies publish the number of affected medicine packs in each recalled batch, as part of the recall process. This will help policy makers, practitioners, and researchers to better understand, monitor and compare the quality of medicines within legitimate supply chains.

scholarly journals Supply Chain Management in the Context of Digitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Pavel Sizov
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Logical Scheme ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Automated Control System

The article deals with the actual problems of supply chain management in modern conditions. A review of the references on the use of digital technologies in supply chain management has been carried out. The relevance of the use of automated systems in supply chain management has been shown. The author's methodological approach to the construction of information support for the network structure of supply chains has been proposed. Practical approbation according to the logical scheme for the selected research object has been demonstrated. The blocks of an automated control system for information support of the network structure of supply chains have been described.

scholarly journals Approaches for solving current problems of pharmaceutical logistics during the pandemic period

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
O. V. Posilkina ◽  
E. V. Litvinova ◽  
A. G. Lisna
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
The Law ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

The global economic crisis, which is linked to the coronavirus pandemic, has also affected pharmaceutical logistics. Therefore, the improvement of logistics processes within the pharmaceutical supply chain to increase the access to health care to the population in a pandemic becomes especially important. The aim of the work is to study and summarize the main problems of pharmaceutical logistics in a coronavirus pandemic and substantiate the reserves to improve the functioning of pharmaceutical supply chains. To achieve the goal of the study, an analysis of the domestic scientific literature and the current regulatory framework of Ukraine was conducted. It has used abstract-logical, monographic research methods and system analysis, as well as the method of expert survey. Realizing the importance of providing the population with necessary medicines during the pandemic in Ukraine on October 14, 2020, the Law «Changes to the article 19 of the Law of Ukraine "On Medicinal Products" on Electronic Retail Trade in Medicines» of September 17, 2020 № 904-IX has enforced. It has been evaluated the factors influencing the efficiency and coordination of the activities of pharmaceutical supply chain participants. A risk management algorithm for pharmaceutical supply chains has been developed, its structural elements and relationships have been identified. The presented algorithm will allow analyzing and estimating any deviations from the planned parameters in pharmaceutical supply chains on the basis of establishment of system of the corresponding indicators and on the basis of this information to define effective methods to counter the risks. The urgency of the problem of increasing the reliability and safety of domestic pharmaceutical supply chains in a pandemic has proved. It is justified that the introduction of digital technologies will increase the reliability, transparency and quality of business processes in the pharmaceutical supply chains during a pandemic, drastic changes in the pharmaceutical market and low predictability of demand for medicines and medical devices. The main problems of logistics in a pandemic in the domestic pharmaceutical industry are studied. It has established that the narrowest places in the organization of pharmaceutical supply chains are the improper organization of information exchange between pharmaceutical supply chain participants and the insufficient professional level of production interaction of managers. It has established the priority directions of increase of stability and reliability of functioning of pharmaceutical supply chains which is a necessary condition of accessibility of pharmaceutical provision of the population, especially in the conditions of a pandemic.

Optimal pricing strategy in uncertain dual distribution channel with retail services

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saied Farham-Nia ◽  
Alireza Ghaffari-Hadigheh
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Uncertainty Theory ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dual Distribution ◽  
Retail Services

Purpose The aim of this paper is to study the optimal pricing decision in a supply chain with a dual distribution channel in a centralized and decentralized decision-making systems and investigate the economic impact of retail services on pricing behaviors with respect to the power structures. Design/methodology/approach To reach the equilibrium behavior of decision-makers, two-stage optimization, the Stackelberg game and the Bertrand–Nash game have been used. Also, to explore the effect of environmental uncertainty on the behavior of decision-maker, demand functions are characterized as an uncertain price dependent, service dependent and channel dependent. Decision parameters are based on experts’ belief degree, in the sense of uncertainty theory initiated by Liu (2007). Findings Obtained results reveal that the retail services have a strategic role in the centralized supply chain and the decentralized supply chain with dominant manufacturer, while both the supply chain and the consumer suffer from higher environmental indeterminacy. Research limitations/implications This study is based on possible scenarios of dual distribution system only. Further research is recommended to investigate the applicability of the authors framework in different distribution systems. Practical implications The study findings are believed to be valuable for supply chains and organizations about to make a strategic decision on price of their good/service. Originality/value The paper contributes to the scarce literature on Uncertainty Theory initiated by Liu (2007), and combination of it with Game Theory for pricing in distribution system of supply chains. The study also contributes by investigating impact of non-price competitive factor (level of service) on pricing strategy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document