JAVNOBELEŽNIČKA FORMA UGOVORA U NASLEDNOM PRAVU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Đurđić - Milošević ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contract Law ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Law ◽  
Notary Public

With the introduction of the of notary public into Serbian law, notary services are gaining more and more importance, and thus the role of notaries has become more dominant in different fields of law, primarily in contract law. Proscribing the notarial form as ad solemnitatem form for the validity of some contracts, thus deviating from the principle of consensualism inherent to the law of obligations, the question of the justification of the constitutive character of the notarial form arises. In order to find the answer to the raised question, it is necessary to examine the types and functions of the form determined by legal policy goals which justify formalism in contract law, and whose realization is especially contributed by notaries as actors in shaping legal transactions. The notarial form also has a special significance for contracts of inheritance law, where it has been proscribed as obligatory for the most important contracts (inheritance law contracts, contract on lifelong maintenance, contract on assignment and distribution of property during lifetime ). The aim of this research is to determine the significance of the notarial form in contractual inheritance law.

scholarly journals Imunitas Hukum Bagi Notaris Yang Membuka Rahasia Jabatan

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Rita Permanasari ◽  
Akhmad Khisni
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Law ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Law Regulation

ABSTRAKKetentuan Pasal 4 dan Pasal 16 ayat (1) huruf f Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris mewajibkan notaris untuk menjaga kerahasiaan segala sesuatu mengenai akta yang dibuatnya dan segala keterangan yang diperoleh guna pembuatan akta sesuai dengan sumpah janji jabatan kecuali undang-undang menentukan lain. Kemungkinan terhadap pelanggaran kewajiban tersebut berdasarkan Pasal 16 ayat (11) Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris, seorang notaris dapat dikenai sanksi berupa teguran lisan sampai dengan pemberhentian dengan tidak hormat. Terlebih lagi dengan adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia dengan Nomor: 49/PUU–X/2012 memutuskan telah meniadakan atau mengakhiri kewenangan Majelis Pengawas Daerah (MPD) yang tercantum dalam Pasal 66 ayat (1) UUJN membuat notaris seakan-akan tidak ada perlindungan hukum bagi notaris dalam menjalankan tugas jabatannya. Ikatan Notaris Indonesia (INI) harus berusaha menjalankan peranan pembinaan dan perlindungan meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keterampilan para notaris. Demikian juga menjalin hubungan dengan para penegak hukum lainnya, agar penegak hukum lainnya yang ada hubungan dengan notaris dapat memahami kedudukan notaris sesuai UUJN.Berangkat dari pemikiran inilah kewajiban ingkar notaris masih tetap dipertahankan oleh pembuat undang-undang dalam revisi Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris Tahun 2014 yang merupakan konfigurasi kekuatan perlindungan terhadap profesi dan jabatan notaris dari sisi politik.Kata Kunci : Jabatan Notaris, Hak Ingkar, Perlindungan Hukum.ABSTRACTThe provisions of Article 4 and Article 16 paragraph (1) sub-paragraph f of the Notary's Office Law require a notary to maintain the confidentiality of all matters concerning the deeds it has made and all the information obtained for the deed in accordance with the oath of pledge of office except the law otherwise. The possibility of breach of such obligation under Article 16 paragraph (11) of Notary Law Regulation, a notary public may be subject to sanctions in the form of oral reprimands until dismissal with disrespect. Moreover, with the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia with the number : 49 /PUU-X/2012 deciding to have canceled or terminated the authority of the Regional Supervisory Board (MPD) listed in Article 66 paragraph (1) UUJN made a notary as if there was no legal protection for a notary in performing duties. The Indonesian Notary Bond (INI) should endeavor to undertake the role of guidance and protection to increase the knowledge, abilities and skills of the notaries. Likewise establish relationships with other law enforcers, so that other law enforcement who has relationship with the notary can understand the position of notary under the UUJN.Departing from this thought the obligation of notarization is still maintained by the lawmakers in the revision of the Law Regulation of Position Notary on Year 2014 which is the configuration of the strength of the protection of the profession and the notary's position from the political side.Keyword : Position of Notary, Right of Remedy, Legal Protection.

5. Consideration and Promissory Estoppel

Contract Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 142-244
Author(s):  
Ewan McKendrick
Keyword(s):  
Contract Law ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Law

The doctrine of consideration is one feature of English contract law that readily distinguishes it from the law of contract in civilian jurisdictions. Its essence is that a promisee cannot enforce a promise unless he has given or promised to give something in exchange for the promise, or unless the promisor has obtained (or been promised) something in return. In other words, there must have been a bargain between the parties. This chapter analyses the current scope of the doctrine of consideration, particularly the rule that consideration must be sufficient but need not be adequate; the pre-existing duty rule and the question whether a promise to pay, or part payment of a debt, is good consideration for the discharge of the entire deb; and the rule that past consideration is not good consideration. It also examines the role of promissory estoppel in contract cases. An estoppel gives (at least limited) effect to a promise that would otherwise be unenforceable, thus the effect of an estoppel may be to supplement, or even supplant, the doctrine of consideration. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the future of the doctrine of consideration and, in particular, draws on the critique of consideration developed by Professor Atiyah.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP NOTARIS PENERIMA PROTOKOL DALAM HAL TERJADI PELANGGARAN AKTA NOTARIS OLEH NOTARIS PEMBERI PROTOKOL YANG TELAH MENINGGAL

NOTARIUS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Melita Trisnawati ◽  
Suteki Suteki
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Law ◽  
Notary Public

The notary public as the general official has the authority to make authentic deed in accordance with the norms, the values and the provisions of the applicable legislation so that the law can work in the community. Every deed made by a notary must stored in a notary protocol, and the protocol shall be transferred in the event of a notary passing away. But the problem is when a notary has passed away and his protocol is transferred to another notary, then a dispute arises related to the deed. Notary recipient of the protocol will still be called for questioning if there is a problem related to the protocol that is in his control, because it is one of the responsibility of the recipient of notary protocol. This is where the role of MKN appears to provide protection in the form of inspection or investigation permits by the authorities. And the role of MPD and INI in preventing the occurrence of violations in the deed by the notary in the form of guidance to all members of the notary. Keywords : Notary Protocol, Original Of The Deed, Legal Protection AbstrakPada hakekatnya notaris sebagai pejabat umum memiliki kewenangan untuk membuat akta otentik sesuai dengan norma-norma, nilai-nilai dan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku sehingga hukum dapat bekerja dalam masyarakat.. Setiap akta yang dibuat oleh notaris wajib disimpan dalam protokol notaris, dan protokol wajib dialihkan dalam hal notaris meninggal dunia. Namun yang menjadi persoalan adalah ketika seorang notaris telah meninggal dunia dan protokolnya dialihkan kepada notaris lain, kemudian muncul sengketa yang berkaitan dengan akta tersebut. Notaris penerima protokol tetap akan dipanggil untuk diminta keterangan apabila terdapat permasalahan terkait protokol yang ada dalam penguasaannya, karena merupakan salahsatu tanggungjawab penerima protokol notaris. Disinilah muncul peranan MKN untuk memberikan perlindungan berupa ijin pemeriksaan ataupun penyidikan oleh pihak yang berwenang. Serta adanya peranan MPD dan INI dalam mencegah terjadinya pelanggaran dalam pembuatan akta oleh notaris berupa pengayoman kepada seluruh anggota notaris. Kata kunci : Protokol Notaris, Minuta Akta Notaris, Perlindungan Hukum

Contract as Promise: Lessons Learned

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-379
Author(s):  
Charles Fried
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Way

Abstract In The Choice Theory of Contracts, Hanoch Dagan and Michael Heller state that by arguing “that autonomy matters centrally to contract,” Contract as Promise makes an “enduring contribution . . . but [its] specific arguments faltered because [they] missed the role of diverse contract types and because [it] grounded contractual freedom in a flawed rights-based view. . .. We can now say all rights-based arguments for contractual autonomy have failed.” The authors conclude that their proposed choice theory “approach returns analysis to the mainstream of twentieth-century liberalism – a tradition concerned with enhancing self-determination that is mostly absent in contract theory today.” Perhaps the signal flaw in Contract as Promise they sought to address was the homogenization of all contract types under a single paradigm. In this Article, I defend the promise principle as the appropriate paradigm for the regime of contract law. Along the way I defend the Kantian account of this subject, while acknowledging that state enforcement necessarily introduces elements — both normative and institutional — for which that paradigm fails adequately to account. Of particular interest and validity is Dagan and Heller’s discussion of contract types, to which the law has always and inevitably recurred. They show how this apparent constraint on contractual freedom actually enhances freedom to contract. I discuss what I have learned from their discussion: that choice like languages, is “lumpy,” so that realistically choices must be made between and framed within available types, off the rack, as it were, and not bespoke on each occasion. I do ask as well how these types come into being mutate, and can be deliberately adapted to changing circumstances.

scholarly journals Position Replacement By Inheritee Who Refuses A Heritage According To Heir Civil Law Dan Islamic Heir Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
Gibtha Wilda Permatasari ◽  
Yuliati Yuliati ◽  
Herman Suryokumoro
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
The Law

This research journal discusses legal issues relating to the substitution of places made by the heirs who previously rejected the inheritance which falls to him by comparison of the perspectives of civil inheritance law and Islamic inheritance law. Pursuant to Article 848 and Article 1060 of the Civil Code on the replacement of the place by the heirs who reject the inheritance and the notary's role as a general official in providing legal certainty to prevent the issue of inheritance according to the law of civil inheritance and the Islamic inheritance law. The purpose of this research is to know and to analyze whether or not the heirs who have rejected inheritance replace other heirs as well as to know the role of notary in giving legal certainty to prevent problems in the civil inheritance law and Islamic inheritance law. The research method used by the writer is the statue approach and comparative approach. Heirs who reject inheritance under civil law of inheritance cannot change place (plaatsvervulling) because the requirement of replacement of place according to the law of civil inheritance is derived from families of blood in the same degree and not reject the inheritance. The replacement of places in Islamic inheritance law is known as mawali however, Islamic law does not recognize the denial of inheritance only known in the law of civil inheritance.

REPOSITION OF WIDOW BY DEATH DIVORCE IN BATAKNESSE INHERITANCE LAW FROM GENDER PERSPECTIVE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Amri Panahatan Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
The Law

This journal is to study the reposition of widow in traditional Batak’s hereditary law by using gender approach.  The Batak’s hereditary Law, tends  to be referring  to patrilineal kinship which is determined from the line of father’s or husband’s descent  so the Widow is not the beneficiary  of the husband but the son in the Batak’s ethnic and culture.  Along with the current development and important role of a mother/woman in family life, it is important to re-study more deeply the position of a widow in Batak’s hereditary law and some related theories  which one of themis gender approach .This is considerably important because there are some modern thinker related to customary law who intend to renew the law especially the beneficiary for the sake of gender equality in the current ages by bilaterally repositioning widow to the national  hereditary law . By Educating Batak’s hereditary law from gender perspective, the Batak’s ethic will be able to critically think and flexibly find solution to share the property by positioning the widow as the beneficiary or the heir.

scholarly journals REPOSITION OF WIDOW BY DEATH DIVORCE IN BATAKNESSE INHERITANCE LAW FROM GENDER PERSPECTIVE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Amri Panahatan Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
The Law

This journal is to study the reposition of widow in traditional Batak’s hereditary law by using gender approach.  The Batak’s hereditary Law, tends  to be referring  to patrilineal kinship which is determined from the line of father’s or husband’s descent  so the Widow is not the beneficiary  of the husband but the son in the Batak’s ethnic and culture.  Along with the current development and important role of a mother/woman in family life, it is important to re-study more deeply the position of a widow in Batak’s hereditary law and some related theories  which one of themis gender approach .This is considerably important because there are some modern thinker related to customary law who intend to renew the law especially the beneficiary for the sake of gender equality in the current ages by bilaterally repositioning widow to the national  hereditary law . By Educating Batak’s hereditary law from gender perspective, the Batak’s ethic will be able to critically think and flexibly find solution to share the property by positioning the widow as the beneficiary or the heir.

Capacity to Contract

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Frier
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

This brief chapter gives an overview of the diminished contractual capacity of some Romans: children, the insane, young adults, and women. The law is intended to protect them, but also those with whom they make contracts, some of whom may be unaware of their partners’ limited capacity. The role of guardians in authorizing transactions is emphasized. The material in this chapter is introductory, for students who have not previously studied the law of status; this law has important effects on the overall structure of Roman contract law. The subject matter is partially taken up again in Part A of Chapter VII, where the ability to acquire rights and duties through one’s dependents is examined.

1. Introduction

Contract Law ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
TT Arvind
Keyword(s):  
Contract Law ◽  
The Will ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Bundle Of Rights

This introduction provides an overview of contracts and the law of contract. It first explains what the law of contract is about and why it matters before discussing the tasks of contract law. It then considers the role of debates in contract law, unity and diversity in contract law, and central issues in contract law. It also examines the main perspectives about contract that have influenced English law, including perspectives that used to be historically important. In particular, it explores the notions of bargains and the will. The chapter goes on to address two very different understandings of contracts: one that sees it primarily as a bundle of rights, and one that sees it as a relationship between the parties.

5. Consideration and Promissory Estoppel

Contract Law ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan McKendrick
Keyword(s):  
Contract Law ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Law

The doctrine of consideration is one feature of English contract law that readily distinguishes it from the law of contract in civilian jurisdictions. Its essence is that a promisee cannot enforce a promise unless he has given or promised to give something in exchange for the promise, or unless the promisor has obtained (or been promised) something in return. In other words, there must have been a bargain between the parties. This chapter analyses the current scope of the doctrine of consideration, particularly the rule that consideration must be sufficient but need not be adequate, the pre-existing duty rule and the question whether a promise to pay, or part payment of a debt, is good consideration for the discharge of the entire debt, and the rule that past consideration is not good consideration. It also examines the role of promissory estoppel in contract cases. An estoppel gives (at least limited) effect to a promise that would otherwise be unenforceable, thus the effect of an estoppel may be to supplement, or even supplant, the doctrine of consideration. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the future of the doctrine of consideration and, in particular, draws on the critique of consideration developed by Professor Atiyah.

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