scholarly journals Terapia antirretroviral em gestantes portadoras do HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 2709-2716
Author(s):  
Sebastião Junior Henrique Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Terapia Antirretroviral

Este estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura teve como objetivo revisar as evidências descritas em protocolos assistenciais às gestantes com HIV quanto ao tratamento com antirretroviral. Teve-se por questão norteadora: como são usadas as terapias antirretrovirais em gestantes? Os dados foram obtidos por meio de busca nas bases de dados LILACS e SCIELO, abrangendo o período de 2010 até 2016, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Identificou-se 17 artigos, dos quais seis atenderam aos critérios de inclusão adotados. Os resultados foram organizados em quadro. A caracterização revelou que a maioria dos autores são formados em medicina, realizaram estudo retrospectivo em bases de dados e 66,6% das publicações ocorreram no Brasil. Os resultados revelaram que o correto uso da terapia antirretrovital descrita em protocolo atualizado reduz o potencial de transmissão vertical e possibilita o nascimento de recém-nascidos sem o vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida.   ABSTRACT This integrative literature review study aimed to review the evidence described in care protocols for pregnant women with HIV regarding antiretroviral treatment. The guiding question was: How are antiretroviral therapies used in pregnant women? The data were obtained by searching the LILACS and SCIELO databases, covering the period from 2010 to 2016, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Seventeen articles were identified, six of which met the inclusion criteria adopted. The results were organized in a table. The characterization revealed that most authors are medical graduates, conducted retrospective study in databases and 66.6% of publications occurred in Brazil. The results revealed that the correct use of antiretroviral therapy described in an updated protocol reduces the potential for vertical transmission and enables the birth of newborns without acquired immunodeficiency virus.

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in pregnant women

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten H. Vermund ◽  
Miriam A. Galbraith ◽  
Susan C. Ebner ◽  
Amy R. Sheon ◽  
Richard A. Kaslow
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Estratificação de Indivíduos com HIV/AIDS Considerando Aspectos Demográficos e Contagem de Células Cd4/Cd8 em Hospital Provincial de Angola, África

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Sandra Augusta Pedro Alberto ◽  
Janete Lane Amadei
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Terapia Antirretroviral ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Angola, país Africano, registra perdas consideráveis relacionadas às doenças transmissíveis e às mortes prematuras e evitáveis, principalmente, de mulheres e de crianças, agravadas pela desestruturação da qual o país foi vítima ao longo do conflito armado. No diagnóstico da AIDS, os exames laboratoriais de contagem de células T CD4+, CD8+ e carga viral são usados como parâmetros para monitorar a saúde dos pacientes, que utilizam a terapia antirretroviral e avaliar o momento certo para iniciar ou modificar esta terapia. Estudo desenvolvido com objetivo de analisar exames para HIV/Aids realizados em Hospital Provincial de Lubango, Angola – África. Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo compreendendo o período de janeiro a junho de 2014. Foram analisados 981 resultados de exames com uma média de 163,5 por mês. A idade média obtida foi de 35 anos, com resultados médios de 385,1/mm3 para CD4+ e 1060,0/ mm3 para CD8+. Os itens que apresentaram significância com p<0,01 foram: procedência ambulatorial; menores valores de CD4+ para os homens, com idade de 60 anos ou mais seguido de 30 a 60 anos. O monitoramento de linfócitos T CD4+ apresentou  valores baixos na maioria da população que realizou os exames, implicando em indicação de terapia antirretroviral e progressão da patologia com comprometimento da saúde das pessoas analisadas. Palavras-chave: Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida. Gestão de Saúde. Sistema de Saúde. Atendimento Secundário AbstractAngola, an African country, has considerable losses related to communicable diseases and premature and preventable deaths mainly of women and children, aggravated by the destructuring of which the country has been victimized during the armed conflict.The progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) characterized by numerous pathological changes in the cellular immune system. Study designed to analyze tests for HIV / AIDS held in Hospital Provincial  laboratory Lubango, Angola - Africa. Descriptive, retrospective study conducted in Hospital Provincial covering the period from January to June 2014. 981 test results were analyzed spread between the months from January to June 2014 with an average of 163.5 per month. The average age obtained was 35 years, with average scores of 385.1 / mm3 for CD4+ and 1060.0 / mm3 for CD8+. The items which were significant highlights are lower CD4+ values for men aged 60 years or more followed 30-60 years; with outpatient origin. Monitoring of CD4+ T lymphocytes are underestimated in most of the population who performed the tests. This involves antiretroviral therapy indication of the pathology affecting the analyzed people’s health living with HIV / AIDS . Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Health Management. Health System. Secondary Care.

scholarly journals KEAMANAN PENGGUNAAN ANESTESI REGIONAL PADA PERSALINAN PENGIDAP HIV

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Kumaat
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are the major problems of global health. It is estimated that approximately 75.9% of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected women aged are in productive ages (20-39 years) with possibilities to become pregnant. Since the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection in pregnant women is increasing, anesthesiologists are increasingly confronting these diseases in their patients. HIV infection in pregnant women often raises questions about the safety of regional anesthesia for them. Fears of the spread of infection to the Central Nervous System (CNS) or the sequel of the neurological system have led some clinicians not to use regional anesthesia. Some research shows that pregnant women with HIV infection are not a contraindication for regional anesthesia since there is no CNS and neurological sequel or infection after a long enough time post operation. Keywords: HIV infection, AIDS, parturition, regional anaesthesia.  Abstrak: Infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dan Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) adalah masalah utama dari kesehatan global. Diperkirakan sekitar 75,9% wanita yang terinfeksi HIV berada pada usia produktif (20-39 tahun) yang berpeluang untuk hamil. Karena prevalensi infeksi HIV pada wanita hamil semakin meningkat, maka ahli anestesi semakin banyak diperhadapi dengan pasien demikian. Infeksi HIV pada wanita hamil seringkali memunculkan pertanyaan mengenai keamanan penggunaan anestesi regional pada mereka. Kekuatiran terhadap penyebaran infeksi ke sistim susunan saraf pusat (SSP) atau sekuel neurologik menyebabkan sebagian klinisi menentang penggunaan anestesi regional. Beberapa penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa wanita hamil dengan HIV bukan merupakan kontraindikasi bagi penggunaan anestesi regional karena tidak dijumpai adanya infeksi SSP atau sekuel neurologik setelah selang waktu yang cukup panjang pasca operasi. Kata kunci: Infeksi HIV, AIDS, persalinan, anestesi regional.

scholarly journals The Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity in Pregnant Women: A Review Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Katayon Ahmadi ◽  
◽  
Leila Amiri-Farahani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Exercise Barriers ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Interpersonal Level ◽  
Barriers To Physical Activity

Background: Despite all the positive effects of physical activity on maternal and fetal health, its level is low among pregnant women. Various barriers seem to prevent physical activity during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate and determine the barriers to physical activity during pregnancy based on a review of available literature. Methods: To review the available literature, the authors searched Persian databases, such as Iran Medex, Magiran, MedLib, and SID, and also English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ProQuest using the keywords of pregnant woman, physical activity, exercise, barriers, pregnancy, constraints, and attitudes individually or in combination between 2000 and 2020 and finally, 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. An ecological model was used to classify the reported barriers. Results: Seven quantitative articles and three qualitative articles were included in the study. Obstacles related to the intrapersonal level of the ecological model were the most reported in these studies and were classified into five areas, including pregnancy symptoms and limitations, time constraints, misunderstanding the adequacy of daily activities, lack of motivation, and maternal and fetus safety concerns. Barriers at the interpersonal level included lack of consultation and information and lack of social support and at the environmental, organizational, and political levels, climate and lack of resources were the most reported barriers. Conclusion: The present study outlined the perceived barriers to physical activity among pregnant women and highlighted the important factors that should be considered when planning interventions to increase the level of physical activity during pregnancy. Further studies are recommended to provide solutions to overcome these barriers and increase the activity of pregnant women.

scholarly journals From Undetectable Equals Untransmittable (U=U) to Breastfeeding: Is the Jump Short?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tullio Prestileo ◽  
Adriana Sanfilippo ◽  
Lorenza Di Marco ◽  
Antonina Argo
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Vertical Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
Small Cohort ◽  
Prophylaxis Therapy

Background: Vertical transmission of HIV infection can occur during pregnancy, during childbirth or through breastfeeding. The recommendations issued by the various international guidelines (WHO 2010, EACS 2017, DHHS 2017) on the safety of breastfeeding of HIV-infected women in effective antiretroviral treatment do not provide univocal indications referring to individual countries the choice to advise or advise against such procedure. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a small cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women who, despite the information received, decided to breastfeed their children. The observation was carried out in the period between March 2017 and June 2021. In all newborns, prophylaxis therapy was initiated at birth, according to the treatment guidelines, the scheme adopted involved the administration of zidovudine (AZT) orally for 4 weeks, started immediately after the childbirth. Breastfeeding time was, on average, 5 months. Results: No contagion was diagnosed. All infants were tested for HIV-RNA at birth, 1, 3, and 6 months after birth, and 1, 3 and 3 months after stopping breastfeeding. Conclusions: The data obtained represent, in our opinion, a solicitation to discuss and re-evaluate scientific evidence that starting from "Undetectable Equals Untransmittable" (U = U) can open a scientific and cultural review of breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Insights for Anti-HIV Natural Products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanpreet Kaur ◽  
Pooja Sharma ◽  
Girish K. Gupta ◽  
Fidele Ntie-Kang ◽  
Dinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapies ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Dioscorea Bulbifera ◽  
Hiv Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives ◽  
Anti Hiv

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) which is chiefly originated by a retrovirus named Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), has influenced about 70 million populations worldwide. Even though several advancements have been invented in the field of antiretroviral combination therapy, still HIV has become the dominant reason for death in South Africa, for example. The current antiretroviral therapies have achieved success in providing instant HIV suppression but with countless undesirable adverse effects. In the present day, the biodiversity of the plant kingdom is being explored by several researchers for the discovery of potent anti-HIV drugs with different mechanisms of action. The primary challenge is to afford a treatment that is free from any sort of risk of drug resistance and serious side effects. Hence, there is a strong demand to evaluate the drugs obtained from natural plants as well as the synthetic derivatives that have been derived from the natural compounds by various chemical reactions. Several plants such as Andrographis paniculata, Dioscorea bulbifera, Aegle marmelos, Wistaria floribunda, Lindera chunii, Xanthoceras sorbifolia and others have displayed significant anti-HIV activity showing more potent anti-HIV activity along with their structures, SARs &amp; important key findings.

scholarly journals Terapia antirretroviral para hiv/aids: o estado da arte

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiao Silveira Nunes Junior ◽  
Suely Itsuko Ciosak
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Prevención Del Vih ◽  
Therapeutic Guidelines ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Terapia Antirretroviral ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

RESUMOObjetivo: descrever a evolução histórica da terapêutica para o HIV/AIDS, as mudanças ocorridas e protocolos atuais. Método: estudo descritivo, informativo, com análise dos protocolos clínicos de diretrizes terapêuticas e busca nas bases LILACS e MEDLINE, abrangendo artigos na integra, publicados de 1996 a 2017. Resultados: O acesso ao tratamento em alguns países permitiu o aumento e melhoria da sobrevida. A estratégia de unir três drogas em apenas um comprimido, uma das mais recentes, dentre outros benefícios, busca fortalecer a adesão à terapia antirretroviral. Conclusão: a história da adesão à terapia antirretroviral e seu impacto na prevenção do HIV/AIDS continua sendo um grande desafio, cuja meta é o controle e erradicação da epidemia. Nesse sentido, faz-se necessário uma maior conscientização dos profissionais de saúde para fazer parte desta luta, na qual a enfermagem tem importante participação. Descritores: Síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida; Vírus da imunodeficiência humana; Terapia antirretroviral potente (HAART); Enfermagem; Evolução clínica; Protocolos.ABSTRACTObjective: to describe the historical evolution of HIV/AIDS therapy, the changes, and current protocols. Method: descriptive and informative study with analysis of the clinical protocols of therapeutic guidelines and search in the LILACS and MEDLINE databases, assessing full articles published from 1996 to 2017. Results: access to treatment in some countries has promoted survival increase and improvement. The strategy of linking three drugs in just one tablet, one of the most recent, among other benefits, seeks to strengthen compliance with antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: the history of compliance with antiretroviral therapy and its impact on HIV/AIDS prevention remains a major challenge, the goal of which is to control and eradicate the epidemic. In this sense, it is necessary to increase the awareness of health professionals to be part of this fight, in which nursing has an important participation. Descriptors: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Human immunodeficiency virus; Potent antiretroviral therapy (HAART); Nursing; Clinical evolution; Protocols.RESUMENObjetivo: describir la evolución histórica de la terapia para el VIH/SIDA, los cambios ocurridos y los protocolos actuales. Método: estudio descriptivo e informativo con análisis de los protocolos clínicos de directrices terapéuticas y búsqueda en las bases LILACS y MEDLINE, analizando artículos completos publicados de 1996 a 2017. Resultados: el acceso al tratamiento en algunos países permitió el aumento y mejora de la sobrevida. La estrategia de unir tres drogas en un sólo comprimido, una de las más recientes, entre otros beneficios busca fortalecer la adhesión a la terapia antirretroviral. Conclusión: la historia de la adhesión a la terapia antirretroviral y su impacto en la prevención del VIH/SIDA sigue siendo un gran desafío, cuyo objetivo es el control y erradicación de la epidemia. En ese sentido, se hace necesaria una mayor concientización de los profesionales de salud para formar parte de esta lucha, en la cual la enfermería tiene una importante participación. Descriptores: Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida; Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana; Terapia antirretroviral altamente activa (HAART); Enfermería; Evolución clínica; Protocolos.

scholarly journals Ten Years of Atazanavir Experience A history page of antiretroviral treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4207-4211
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Therapy Option ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Immune Enhancement

Antiretroviral therapy has increased the life expectancy and quality of life of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antiretroviral therapies based on Atazanavir were preferred for a while, but the recommendations have been changed, once new more effective antiretroviral drugs become available. This study evaluates the experience of using Atazanavir for 10 years in 60 HIV patients, of which 26.6% received the first antiretroviral line and 73.3% had previously received other therapies. The mean duration of exposure to Atazanavir was 4.5 years with variations between 0 and 10 years, with 43.3% of patients still continuing therapy in 2019.Hyperbilirubinemia was identified in 81.6% of patients experiencing ATV. A large proportion of patients discontinued therapy because of their jaundice or lack of adherence, although no significant adverse effects were seen. The effectiveness of ATV has been proven by the sustained immune enhancement and viral suppression, confirming the benefits of maintaining this drug as a therapy option. Keywords: Atazanavir, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, HIV, HBV

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