scholarly journals Ten Years of Atazanavir Experience A history page of antiretroviral treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4207-4211
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Therapy Option ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Immune Enhancement

Antiretroviral therapy has increased the life expectancy and quality of life of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antiretroviral therapies based on Atazanavir were preferred for a while, but the recommendations have been changed, once new more effective antiretroviral drugs become available. This study evaluates the experience of using Atazanavir for 10 years in 60 HIV patients, of which 26.6% received the first antiretroviral line and 73.3% had previously received other therapies. The mean duration of exposure to Atazanavir was 4.5 years with variations between 0 and 10 years, with 43.3% of patients still continuing therapy in 2019.Hyperbilirubinemia was identified in 81.6% of patients experiencing ATV. A large proportion of patients discontinued therapy because of their jaundice or lack of adherence, although no significant adverse effects were seen. The effectiveness of ATV has been proven by the sustained immune enhancement and viral suppression, confirming the benefits of maintaining this drug as a therapy option. Keywords: Atazanavir, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, HIV, HBV

scholarly journals Functional Haplotypes in the ADIPOQ Gene are Associated with Underweight, Immunosuppression and Viral Suppression in Kenyan HIV-1 Infected Antiretroviral Treatment Naive and Experienced Injection Substance Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaviya Nathan ◽  
Budambula Valentine ◽  
Were Tom
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Adiponectin Gene ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Treatment Naïve

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus and injection substance use have an influence on genes and gene expression. These effects could be beneficial or detrimental in defining disease outcomes. Adiponectin gene is key in modulating metabolic and immunoregulatory functions. Understanding the effects of human immunodeficiency virus and injection substance use on the gene in the context of antiretroviral therapy is important for predicting disease outcomes.METHODS: This cross-sectional genetic study determined polymorphisms in the promoter region of adiponectin gene. Two variants were analyzed: rs2241766 and rs266729. Polymorphisms were associated with clinical markers of disease outcome; underweight, immunosuppression and viral suppression. The variants were genotyped via random fragment length polymorphism.RESULTS: GC haplotype was associated with higher odds of having underweight (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.83-4.60; P=0.008 vs. OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.89-4.71; P=0.006) in antiretroviral treatment -naive and experienced injection substance users andimmunosuppression (OR, 1.90; 95% CI 1.67-3.98, P=0.041) in naive. Bonferroni correction revealed GC haplotype carriers only to have low body mass index in both naive (median, 14.8; IQR, 3.2kg/m2; P<0.002) and experienced (median, 15.2; IQR, 3.2 kg/m2; P<0.002) injection substance users. Circulating total adiponectin levels were higher in naive (median, 19.5; IQR, 7.9 μg/ml) than - experienced (median, 12.0; IQR, 4.4 μg/ml) injection substance users (P<0.0001). GC carriers presented with low serum adiponectin levels in both study groups.CONCLUSION: The study revealed haplotypes of adiponectin gene at loci rs2241766 and rs266729 that could determine disease outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus -1 antiretroviral treatment- naive and experienced injection substance users.

scholarly journals Quantitative Determination and Sampling of Lamivudine and Zidovudine Residues for Cleaning Validation in a Production Area

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria InÊs Rocha Miritello Santoro ◽  
Tatiana Tatit Fazio ◽  
Anil Kumar Singh ◽  
Erica Rosa Maria Kedor-Hackmann
Keyword(s):  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Cleaning Validation ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Production Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
Carry Over

Abstract Lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT) are systemic antiviral substances extensively used in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Nowadays, 3TC, AZT, and several other pharmacologically potent pharmaceuticals are manufactured in the same production area. To assure quality of drug products and patient safety, properly validated cleaning methodology is necessary. A carefully designed cleaning validation and its evaluation can ensure that residues of 3TC and AZT will not carry over and cross contaminate the subsequent product. The aim of this study was to validate a simple analytical method for verification of residual 3TC and AZT in equipment used in the production area and to confirm the efficiency of the cleaning procedure. The liquid chromatography method was validated using a Nova-Pak&lt;sup/&gt; C18 column (3.9 150 mm, 4 m particle size) and methanolwater (20 + 80, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Ultraviolet detection was made at 266 nm. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 2.022.0 g/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The detection and quantitation limits were 0.36 and 1.21 g/mL, respectively. The intra-day and interday precision expressed as relative standard deviation were below 2.0%. The mean recovery of the method was 99.19%. The mean extraction recovery from manufacturing equipment was 83.5%.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Functional Modification of IgG4 and IgM Responses in HIV-1–Infected Individuals Screened by an Allosteric Biosensor

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa María Ferraz ◽  
Miguel Angel Martínez ◽  
Rafael Cubarsi ◽  
Antonio Villaverde
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Target Epitope ◽  
Hiv 1

We have explored the effect of antiretroviral drugs on the antiviral immune response in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)—infected patients by using an enzymatic immunosensor that detects epitope-modifying anti-gp41 antibodies. By this molecular sensing approach, we have identified an irreversible impact of drug administration on the functionality of IgG4 and IgM specific antibodies regarding the structural modification promoted on their target epitope. During the antiretroviral therapy, the prevalent induced fit promoted by IgM on the epitope was lost at the expense of that promoted by IgG4, suggesting alternative-ness in the neutralization potency of these antibody subpopulations. Because the particular drug composition of the antiretroviral treatment did not affect such immune shift, the obtained data strongly suggest that the drop in the viral load and the consequent lost of antigenemia are responsible for the functional adaptation observed in the humoral response. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2008:817-821)

scholarly journals HIV infection in pregnant women and its challenges for the prenatal care

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (suppl 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiane de Nazaré Mota Trindade ◽  
Laura Maria Vidal Nogueira ◽  
Ivaneide Leal Ataide Rodrigues ◽  
Angela Maria Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
Gracileide Maia Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
Type Of Delivery

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of HIV infections in pregnant women. Methods: Analytical study with a quantitative approach. Results: The HIV rate in pregnant women increased from 1.5/1000 babies born alive, in 2010, to 3.3/1000 in 2017. There was a significant association between the prenatal and the variables educational level (p<0.0001), occupation (p=0.0105), gestational age (p < 0.0001), and type of delivery (p < 0.0001). The mean rate of adherence to the antiretroviral treatment in the prenatal was 68.8% (DP = ± 3.7). Conclusion: The high rates of HIV detection in pregnant women suggest the need to intensify the health care to women during the prenatal, guaranteeing an integral care, early diagnoses, and enhancing the strategies to improve the adherence to the antiretroviral treatment, aiming to achieve the viral suppression of the mother by the time of childbirth, thus diminishing the risk of a vertical transmission.

scholarly journals Gambaran Ketahanan Hidup (Kesintasan) Satu Tahun Pasien Koinfeksi TB-HIV Berdasarkan Waktu Awal Pengobatan Antiretroval (ARV) pada Fase Lanjut di Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi (RSPI) Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Periode Januari 2011-Mei 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Siti Maemun ◽  
Syahrizal Syarif ◽  
Adria Rusli ◽  
Renti Mahkota
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstrakLatar Belakang : Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan jenis retrovirus yang menginfeksi sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia yang menyebabkan Acquired Immunodefiency Syndrome (AIDS),. Kehadiran kuman TB menyebabkan progresivitas kasus ko-infeksi TB-HIV bertambah buruk sehingga mengancam jiwa penderitanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kesintasan satu tahun pasien ko-infeksi TB-HIV berdasarkan waktu awal pengobatan ARV.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso tahun 2013-2015. Sumber data yang digunakan berasal dari penelusuran pada register pra ARV dan ARV, Form TB 01, buku monitoring ARV, monitoring farmasi ARV, pelacakan ikhtisar ARV dan status rekam medis. Pengumpulan data melibatkan petugas Pokja HIV/AIDS dan dokter (validasi diagnosa dan kovariat) yang di blind atas hipotesis penelitian.Hasil : Probabilitas ketahanan hidup kumulatif satu tahun pasien ko-infeksi TB-HIV yang mendapatkan awal pengobatan ARV di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso periode Januari 2011-Mei 2014 adalah 81,5%. Probabilitas ketahanan hidup pasien TB-HIV berdasarkan waktu awal menunjukan bahwa ketahanan hidup satu tahun pada pasien yang mendapatkan pengobatan ARV pada fase intensif adalah 89,1% dan pada pasien yang mendapatkan pengobatan ARV pada fase lanjut adalah 74,5%.Kesimpulan : Pasien ko-infeksi TB-HIV yang mendapatkan ARV pada fase intensif cenderung memiliki probalitas ketahanan hidup yang lebih besar di tahun pertama dibandingkan pasien ko-infeksi TB-HIV yang mendapatkan ARV pada fase lanjut. Abstract Background : Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a type of retrovirus that infects the human immune system that causes Acquired Immunodefiency Syndrome (AIDS). The presence of TB germs cause progression of cases of co-infection of TB-HIV getting worse so threatening sufferers. This study aims to reveal the one-year survival rate of patients co-infected TB-HIV based on time start of antiretroviral treatment.Methods : This study used a retrospective cohort design in RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso years 2013-2015. The data used comes from searches on the register of pre ARV and ARV form, TB Form, the book ARV monitoring, monitoring of pharmaceutical drugs, ARV overview and status tracking of medical records. The data collection involves the officer HIV / AIDS and the doctor (validation diagnosis and covariates) were in blind on the research hypothesis. Results : The cumulative probability of survival for one year patients co-infected TB-HIV get antiretroviral treatment early in RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso period January 2011-May 2014 was 81.5%. The probability of survival for patients of TB-HIV based on the initial time showed that one-year survival in patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in the intensive phase was 89.1% and in patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in advanced phases was 74.5%.Conclusion : Co-infected TB-HIV patients get antiretroviral drugs in the intensive phase tend to have a probability of survival is greater in the first year compared to co-infection TB-HIV patients get antiretroviral drugs in the advanced phase

scholarly journals Case Report: Multimodal Imaging of Toxic Retinopathies Related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antiretroviral Therapies: Maculopathy vs. Peripheral Retinopathy. Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Hammer ◽  
François-Xavier Borruat
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment ◽  
Visual Field Constriction

Purpose: We report two patients with toxic retinopathy from either ritonavir or didanosine and reviewed the literature on the topics. We provide an overview of the retinal toxicity of these two antiretroviral drugs in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.Methods: First, we performed a retrospective study of the medical charts of two patients examined by us, one with ritonavir maculopathy and one with didanosine peripheral retinopathy. Secondly, we searched the world literature for similar cases through PubMed and Google Scholar, using the terms “HIV,” “AIDS,” “ritonavir,” “didanosine,” “maculopathy,” “retinopathy,” “visual loss,” and “toxicity” to retrieve the appropriate literature on the subject.Results: Patient 1: A 49-year-old woman complained of progressive central visual loss over the past 12 months. History disclosed ongoing ritonavir therapy for the past 11 years. Ritonavir maculopathy was diagnosed, and visual loss increased relentlessly despite cessation of treatment. Patient 2: A 55-year-old man complained of slowly progressive peripheral visual field constriction for the past 5 years. History disclosed didanosine therapy for 13 years, however, stopped 4 years before the onset of visual symptoms. No alteration of therapy was offered to patient 2 as didanosine therapy was interrupted 9 years previously. Since 2011, 11 cases of ritonavir maculopathy have been reported in the literature. Relentless worsening of vision was reported in 3/7 patients despite cessation of ritonavir therapy. Didonasine peripheral retinopathy was first described in 1992, and a total of 24 patients have been reported since. Relentlessly progressive peripheral retinopathy was diagnosed despite the previous cessation of therapy in 14 patients.Conclusion: Ritonavir causes a slowly progressive atrophic maculopathy, and didanosine toxicity results in a relentlessly progressing peripheral atrophic retinopathy. The relentless progression of both toxic retinopathies reflects permanent alterations of the retinal metabolism by these medications. Both ritonavir and didanosine toxic retinopathies are rare events, but their clinical presentation is highly specific.

scholarly journals Terapia antirretroviral em gestantes portadoras do HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 2709-2716
Author(s):  
Sebastião Junior Henrique Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Terapia Antirretroviral

Este estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura teve como objetivo revisar as evidências descritas em protocolos assistenciais às gestantes com HIV quanto ao tratamento com antirretroviral. Teve-se por questão norteadora: como são usadas as terapias antirretrovirais em gestantes? Os dados foram obtidos por meio de busca nas bases de dados LILACS e SCIELO, abrangendo o período de 2010 até 2016, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Identificou-se 17 artigos, dos quais seis atenderam aos critérios de inclusão adotados. Os resultados foram organizados em quadro. A caracterização revelou que a maioria dos autores são formados em medicina, realizaram estudo retrospectivo em bases de dados e 66,6% das publicações ocorreram no Brasil. Os resultados revelaram que o correto uso da terapia antirretrovital descrita em protocolo atualizado reduz o potencial de transmissão vertical e possibilita o nascimento de recém-nascidos sem o vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida.   ABSTRACT This integrative literature review study aimed to review the evidence described in care protocols for pregnant women with HIV regarding antiretroviral treatment. The guiding question was: How are antiretroviral therapies used in pregnant women? The data were obtained by searching the LILACS and SCIELO databases, covering the period from 2010 to 2016, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Seventeen articles were identified, six of which met the inclusion criteria adopted. The results were organized in a table. The characterization revealed that most authors are medical graduates, conducted retrospective study in databases and 66.6% of publications occurred in Brazil. The results revealed that the correct use of antiretroviral therapy described in an updated protocol reduces the potential for vertical transmission and enables the birth of newborns without acquired immunodeficiency virus.

scholarly journals Altered Intestinal Permeability and Fungal Translocation in Ugandan Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2413-2422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo ◽  
Vanessa El-Kamari ◽  
Lukasz Weiner ◽  
Lingpeng Shan ◽  
Abdus Sattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Perinatally Acquired ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hiv Exposed

Abstract Background Children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PHIVs) face a lifelong cumulative exposure to HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART). The relationship between gut integrity, microbial translocation, and inflammation in PHIV is poorly understood. Methods This is a cross-sectional study in 57 PHIVs, 59 HIV-exposed but uninfected children, and 56 HIV-unexposed and -uninfected children aged 2–10 years old in Uganda. PHIVs were on stable ART with HIV-1 RNA &lt;400 copies/mL. We measured markers of systemic inflammation, monocyte activation, and gut integrity. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare markers by group and the Spearman correlation was used to assess correlations between biomarkers. Results The mean age of all participants was 7 years and 55% were girls. Among PHIVs, the mean CD4 % was 34%, 93% had a viral load ≤20 copies/mL, and 79% were on a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimen. Soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), beta-D-glucan (BDG), and zonulin were higher in the PHIV group (P ≤ .01). Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) did not differ between groups (P &gt; .05). Among PHIVs who were breastfed, levels of sCD163 and interleukin 6 (IL6) were higher than levels in PHIV who were not breastfed (P &lt; .05). Additionally, in PHIVs with a history of breastfeeding, sCD14, BDG, LBP, zonulin, and I-FABP correlated with several markers of systemic inflammation, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL6, d-dimer, and systemic tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (P ≤ .05). Conclusions Despite viral suppression, PHIVs have evidence of altered gut permeability and fungal translocation. Intestinal damage and the resultant bacterial and fungal translocations in PHIVs may play a role in the persistent inflammation that leads to many end-organ diseases in adults. Despite viral suppression, children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Uganda have evidence of alterations in intestinal permeability and fungal translocation, compared to HIV-exposed but uninfected and HIV-unexposed children, which may play a role in HIV-associated chronic inflammation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document