Hepatitis delta virus (HDV)

The hepatitis D virus causes liver disease. It affects all ages. Some call it "delta hepatitis" (HDV). Hepatitis D patients have previously had hepatitis B, which is why they have this illness. Hepatitis D is spread when contaminated blood or bodily fluids come into contact with an uninfected person's body. Hepatitis D can be an acute infection or a chronic illness, depending on the person. Hepatitis D can produce severe symptoms, liver damage that lasts a lifetime, and even death. Hepatitis B and D viruses can infect people at the same time (coinfection) or they might develop hepatitis D after getting hepatitis B (reverse coinfection) (a condition known as "superinfection"). Hepatitis D is not prevented by immunisation. Hepatitis B vaccination, on the other hand, protects against hepatitis D infection.

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A Divergent Hepatitis D-Like Agent in Birds

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v10120720 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 720 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Michelle Wille ◽

Hans Netter ◽

Margaret Littlejohn ◽

Lilly Yuen ◽

Mang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Sequence Analysis ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽

Amino Acid Similarity ◽

Hepatitis D ◽

Delta Antigen ◽

B Virus ◽

Delta Virus

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is currently only found in humans and is a satellite virus that depends on hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope proteins for assembly, release, and entry. Using meta-transcriptomics, we identified the genome of a novel HDV-like agent in ducks. Sequence analysis revealed secondary structures that were shared with HDV, including self-complementarity and ribozyme features. The predicted viral protein shares 32% amino acid similarity to the small delta antigen of HDV and comprises a divergent phylogenetic lineage. The discovery of an avian HDV-like agent has important implications for the understanding of the origins of HDV and sub-viral agents.

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Delta hepatitis: molecular biology and clinical and epidemiological features.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews ◽

10.1128/cmr.6.3.211 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 211-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

L B Polish ◽

M Gallagher ◽

H A Fields ◽

S C Hadler

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

High Risk ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽

Hepatitis B Infection ◽

Hepatitis Delta ◽

Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection ◽

B Virus ◽

The World ◽

Delta Virus

Hepatitis delta virus, discovered in 1977, requires the help of hepatitis B virus to replicate in hepatocytes and is an important cause of acute, fulminant, and chronic liver disease in many regions of the world. Because of the helper function of hepatitis delta virus, infection with it occurs either as a coinfection with hepatitis B or as a superinfection of a carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen. Although the mechanisms of transmission are similar to those of hepatitis B virus, the patterns of transmission of delta virus vary widely around the world. In regions of the world in which hepatitis delta virus infection is not endemic, the disease is confined to groups at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection and high-risk hepatitis B carriers. Because of the propensity of this viral infection to cause fulminant as well as chronic liver disease, continued incursion of hepatitis delta virus into areas of the world where persistent hepatitis B infection is endemic will have serious implications. Prevention depends on the widespread use of hepatitis B vaccine. This review focuses on the molecular biology and the clinical and epidemiologic features of this important viral infection.

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A divergent hepatitis D-like agent in birds

10.1101/423707 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michelle Wille ◽

Hans J. Netter ◽

Margaret Littlejohn ◽

Lilly Yuen ◽

Mang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽

Amino Acid Similarity ◽

Hepatitis Delta ◽

Hepatitis D ◽

Delta Antigen ◽

B Virus ◽

Severe Liver Disease ◽

Delta Virus

AbstractHepatitis delta virus (HDV) is currently only found in humans, and is a satellite virus that depends on hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope proteins for assembly, release and entry. Using meta-transcriptomics, we identified the genome of a novel HDV-like agent in ducks. Sequence analysis revealed secondary structures that were shared with HDV, including self-complementarity and ribozyme features. The predicted viral protein shares 32% amino acid similarity to the small delta antigen of HDV and comprises a divergent phylogenetic lineage. The discovery of an avian HDV-like agent has important implications for the understanding of the origins of HDV and subviral agents.ImportanceHepatitis delta virus (HDV) is currently only found in humans, and coinfections of HDV and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in humans result in severe liver disease. There are a number of hypotheses for the origin of HDV, although a key component of all is that HDV only exists in humans. Here, we describe a novel deltavirus-like agent identified in wild birds. Although this agent is genetically divergent, it exhibits important similarities to HDV, such as the presence of ribosymes and self-complementarity. The discovery of an avian HDV-like agent challenges our understanding of both the origin and the co-evolutionary relationships of subviral agents with helper viruses.

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Hepatitis Delta Antigen Regulates mRNA and Antigenome RNA Levels during Hepatitis Delta Virus Replication

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.01989-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 93 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kaneemozhe Harichandran ◽

Yiran Shen ◽

Susannah Stephenson Tsoris ◽

See-Chi Lee ◽

John L. Casey

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽

Hepatitis Delta ◽

Delta Antigen ◽

B Virus ◽

Hepatitis Delta Antigen ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Delta Virus

ABSTRACTHepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite of hepatitis B virus that increases the severity of acute and chronic liver disease. HDV produces three processed RNAs that accumulate in infected cells: the circular genome; the circular antigenome, which serves as a replication intermediate; and lesser amounts of the mRNA, which encodes the sole viral protein, hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg). The HDV genome and antigenome RNAs form ribonucleoprotein complexes with HDAg. Although HDAg is required for HDV replication, it is not known how the relative amounts of HDAg and HDV RNA affect replication, or whether HDAg synthesis is regulated by the virus. Using a novel transfection system in which HDV replication is initiated usingin vitro-synthesized circular HDV RNAs, HDV replication was found to depend strongly on the relative amounts of HDV RNA and HDAg. HDV controls these relative amounts via differential effects of HDAg on the production of HDV mRNA and antigenome RNA, both of which are synthesized from the genome RNA template. mRNA synthesis is favored at low HDAg levels but becomes saturated at high HDAg concentrations. Antigenome RNA accumulation increases linearly with HDAg and dominates at high HDAg levels. These results provide a conceptual model for how HDV antigenome RNA production and mRNA transcription are controlled from the earliest stage of infection onward and also demonstrate that, in this control, HDV behaves similarly to other negative-strand RNA viruses, even though there is no genetic similarity between them.IMPORTANCEHepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite of hepatitis B virus that increases the severity of liver disease; approximately 15 million people are chronically infected worldwide. There are no licensed therapies available. HDV is not related to any known virus, and few details regarding its replication cycle are known. One key question is whether and how HDV regulates the relative amounts of viral RNA and protein in infected cells. Such regulation might be important because the HDV RNA and protein form complexes that are essential for HDV replication, and the proper stoichiometry of these complexes could be critical for their function. Our results show that the relative amounts of HDV RNA and protein in cells are indeed important for HDV replication and that the virus does control them. These observations indicate that further study of these regulatory mechanisms is required to better understand replication of this serious human pathogen.

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The Prevalence of Hepatitis D Virus in Reactive HBsAg Blood Donors at Department of Pathology, LUMHS Jamshoro

10.53350/pjmhs2115103126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 3126-3129

Author(s):

Sadia Akbar ◽

Nazia Mumtaz ◽

Sana Fatema ◽

Ikram Din Ujjan ◽

Kiran Aamir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽

Research Laboratory ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Local Level ◽

Hepatitis Delta ◽

Hepatitis D ◽

Civil Hospital ◽

Hepatitis D Virus ◽

Delta Virus

Background: The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective hepatotropic virus that only affects patients infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Infection with the hepatitis delta virus can cause acute hepatitis, including the fulminant presentation or spontaneously resolving infection and chronic infection Aim: The present study's aim was to determine the prevalence of the Hepatitis D virus in reactive HBsAg blood donors at Diagnostic and Research Lab Hyderabad. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 434 blood donors at the Pathology department (Diagnostic and Research Laboratory) Civil Hospital, Hyderabad from January 2017 to December 2017. All the healthy individuals who visited at Diagnostic and Research Laboratory of Civil Hospital, LUMHS Hyderabad as blood donors with specific age groups of either gender were included in this study. All the individuals underwent Hepatitis screening. All of those cases that were noted with positive HBV further underwent HDV screening test. All the data was recorded in the proforma for the purposed of analysis. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 434 blood donors, 420 (96.8%) were male and 14 (3.2%) were female. The overall mean age was 31.65±4.67 years with an age range of 18 to 60 years. Out of 434, the incidence of positive delta virus was 62 (14.3%) while the remaining 372 (85.7%) were negative delta hepatitis blood donors. The prevalence of delta hepatitis blood donors with respect to age distribution were as follows; 18-30 years had 208 (48%), 31-40 years had 188 (27%), 41-50 years 69 (16%), and 51-60 years 39 (9%). Of the total 62 positive delta hepatitis, the prevalence of males and females was 98.4% and 1.6% respectively. All the donor’s blood group was divided into +O, +B, +A, +AB, -O, -A, and –B with their respective prevalence was 48.6%, 22.6%. 11.5%, 8.8%, 2.5%, 3.5%, and 2.5% whereas their frequency in positive tested delta hepatitis was 36 (58.1%), 7 (11.3%), 10 (16.1%), 6 (9.7%), 1 (1.6%), 2 (3.2%), and 0 (0%) respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of HDV is 14.3% in Hepatitis B reactive healthy donors. This is a higher prevalence as compared to previously published studies. No such adequate recent data is available at the local level. More research is needed on this event, to provide adequate knowledge, which will be helpful to clinical and laboratory investigators, and physicians to reduce the burden of liver disease caused by HBV and HDV co-infection. Keywords: Hepatitis delta virus; HBsAg reactivity; Blood donors;

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Acute Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection in Italy: Incidence and Risk Factors after the Introduction of the Universal Anti-Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/510433 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. e17-e24 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

A. Mele ◽

A. Mariano ◽

M. E. Tosti ◽

T. Stroffolini ◽

R. Pizzuti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Acute Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Hepatitis Delta ◽

Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection ◽

Delta Virus

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Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Virus Infections in the United States, 2011–2016

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciz001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 709-712 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Eshan U Patel ◽

Chloe L Thio ◽

Denali Boon ◽

David L Thomas ◽

Aaron A R Tobian

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

The United States ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Hepatitis D ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Hbsag Carriers ◽

Delta Virus

Abstract Among adults in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the estimated prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 0.36% overall and 3.4% in non-Hispanic Asians. Among adult HBsAg carriers, 42% had antibodies to hepatitis delta virus (anti-HDV). Routine anti-HDV testing should be considered for HBsAg carriers.

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