scholarly journals “BURNT TO THE BONE” WITH LOVE, DAMNATION AND SIN: PHÆDRA AS THE SWINBURNIAN $FEMME$ $\textit{DAMNÉE}$

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1(23)) ◽  
pp. 124-149
Author(s):  
Lilith Ayvazyan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Female Empowerment ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Algernon Charles Swinburne ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Fleurs Du Mal

After nearly two centuries of neglect, Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837-1909) revived the tragedy of Phædra in his Poems and Ballads of 1866. Phædra, alongside with his other female characters, has been “branded” as shameless, indecent, masochistic, and obsessive. These analyses tend to present the poet’s protagonists as one-dimensional characters lacking emotional and psychological depth. To fully comprehend Swinburne’s Phædra, this paper observes the short poem not only from the point of Pre-Raphaelitism, but also in associations with Sappho and Baudelaire; Sappho acts as Swinburne’s inspiration for female empowerment, while Baudelaire’s Les Fleurs du Mal serves as the origin of the unique archetype of femme damnée, that can often be observed in Swinburne’s poetry of the 1860s. The aim of this paper is to shed a new light on the character of Phædra by comparing Swinburne’s delineation of Phædra with how she is portrayed in the classical originals, and then examine how he adapted her in the society of nineteenth-century England. Like his Pre-Raphaelite friends and many of the Victorian poets and artists, Swinburne’s work, especially early poems and plays, display the author’s revolt and aversion towards the Victorian “false” morality.

Decanting the Rabelaisian Casks: Accessing Neoplatonic Poetic Fury in Baudelaire's ‘L'Âme du vin’

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-279
Author(s):  
Robert J. Hudson ◽  
Kristen Foote
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Robust Version ◽  
Poetic Inspiration ◽  
Fleurs Du Mal

In one of the lesser-studied sections of Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du Mal, ‘Le Vin’, the poet offers a key to understanding the transcendence necessary for common post-Revolution Parisians to attain the proper poetic inspiration to create elevated verse. Divine or poetic Fury, a theoretically more robust version of other nineteenth-century ideas of intoxication, is at the heart of the section's threshold poem, ‘L'Âme du vin’, and establishes a bridge in Les Fleurs du mal linking the modern terrestrial wanderings of the ‘Tableaux parisiens’ to the celestial flights of the ‘Fleurs du mal’. Developed from Plato's Ion and Gallically codified by Rabelais, these theories filter to the aesthete Baudelaire, who decants this aged wine into a nineteenth-century vessel that lays old regime vertical hierarchies on their side and offers poetic intoxication to all who are willing to labour to become vessels of inspiration themselves.

‘Each Song Was Just Like a Little Sermon’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Land
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Military Training ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter is central to the volume’s chronological contentions, as its argument accounts for the specialized, one-dimensional Dibdin of ‘Tom Bowling’ that has endured into recent scholarship. Focusing on Dibdin’s posthumous reception, it examines the moral and rhetorical difficulties of repackaging Dibdin’s works for a Victorian sensibility; it explores the specifics of mid-century concert culture previously highlighted by Derek Scott and William Weber as central to changes in nineteenth-century taste and programming; and it develops the theme of nostalgia into a revelatory consideration of the relationship between new naval technologies, national pride, and military training, and the songs, people, and language of a remembered Napoleonic ‘golden age’—to which Dibdin proves to have been as central, in the Victorian imagination, as Nelson.

scholarly journals A PERSONAGEM LOU COMO TRANSGRESSORA DAS NORMAS SOCIAIS IMPOSTAS À MULHER NO SÉCULO XIX EM HUMANA, DEMASIADO, HUMANA

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Dos Santos Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
The 19Th Century

Resumo O artigo apresenta um estudo da obra Humana, demasiado, humana, de Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira, com ênfase na análise das personagens femininas, em especial, Lou Salomé. Busca- se compreender como essas mulheres transgrediram os padrões da sociedade do século XIX, época em que as mulheres estavam excluídas do poder político e educacional pura e simplesmente. Palavras-chave: Mulheres. Transgressora. Lou Andreas Salomé. Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira. THE CHARACTER OF LOU AS A TRANSGRESSOR OF SOCIAL STANDARDS IMPOSED ON WOMEN IN THE 19TH CENTURY IN HUMAN, TOO, HUMANAbstract The article presents a study of Human, too, human, by Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira, emphasizing an analysis of female characters, particularly Lou Salome. We seek to understand how these women transgress the standards of the nineteenth century society, when women used to be excluded from political power and educational pure and simply. Keywords: Women. Transgressive. Lou Andreas Salomé. Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira.

Beyond the Bower

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Heather Braun
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Women Writers ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Romantic Era ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Poetic Creation ◽  
Female Poets

Romantic male poets typically describe bowers as lush, ecological spaces for quiet introspection and poetic creation within a distinctly masculinize landscape. In contrast to these idyllic spaces in Nature, the word bower meant something quite different for many nineteenth-century British women writers. For Romantic female poets, these garden bowers were isolated and fragmented spaces where artistic production was inhibited rather than nurtured. Their poems imagine a very different kind of bower, one that is aligned most directly with a second definition of the term: namely, a lady’s apartment in which “embowered” characters are trapped in interior spaces. These barren, claustrophobic bowers offered the antithesis of the freedom and inspiration male poets of the Romantic-era associated with outdoor garden bowers. Poet, essayist, and activist Caroline Norton demonstrates how these artificial domestic prisons produced paralysis and self-division rather than comfort and poetic inspiration. Cut off from the ecological spaces available to their male contemporaries, Norton’s female characters are silenced, distracted, and confined unable to leave their stifling bowers to create space for themselves in the natural world. Many nineteenth-century women writers reconfigured the Romantic garden bower as an unnatural lady’s bower from which female artists must flee in order to create.

A Song, the Sea, and a Listening Boy: Whitman, Swinburne, Delius

2021 ◽  
pp. 240-253
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Helsinger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Musical Form ◽  
Algernon Charles Swinburne ◽  
Moving Body

Song travels. Walt Whitman's poem ‘Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking’ (1859) travels across the Atlantic to generate first another poem by Algernon Charles Swinburne (‘On the Cliffs’, 1879) and then a cantata by Frederick Delius (Sea Drift, 1903–04). The three works share less a particular sequence of sounds or words than a scene which is also an aural landscape with three distinct parts: song, or its figure, the singing bird; a rhythmically moving body of water that shapes and carries sound; and a listening boy, moved to translate what he hears into poetic or musical form. Using as historical frame two examples pertinent to nineteenth-century debates about the relations between words and music, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s 1770 mélodrame, Pygmalion, and Richard Wagner's 1860 essay, ‘Lettre sur la Musique’, this essay maps a Whitman-Swinburne-Delius journey of musical translation. Repetitions of Whitman's scene pose the question of song's travels from birdsong to poetry to musical composition. What travels includes the force behind the original song (its emotional springs) as well as the formal strategies by which different listeners translate what they hear into a poem or a piece of music. The rhythmic presence of the sea, as much a figure for such strategies as the singing bird is for inarticulate song, becomes as significant as that song and the listener it moves.

The Seavoyage Controversy and the Kayasthas of North India, 1901—1909

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
North India ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ancient Texts

Seavoyage was a social reform issue of some concern to the Hindus of Upper India in the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. Clearly there were compelling incentives for seavoyage; equally clearly there was a convention which prohibited such travel in the belief that it contravened the law laid down in ancient texts. But social conflict is seldom as one-dimensional as these statements imply.

scholarly journals DEPICTION OF WOMEN IN NINETEENTH CENTURY AMERICAN AND BRITISH FICTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 686-691
Author(s):  
Naresh M. Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Women Writers ◽  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Louisa May Alcott ◽  
British Society ◽  
Women Readers ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
British Fiction ◽  
Changing Times

It was time of nineteenth century when women writers used to have male pennames for publication. Theme of marriage and society were prevalent in both American and British society. It was a microcosm of its own as women readers used to write about their life through the eyes of women writers. This phenomenon is historical as it stands between Mary Wollstonecraft, arguably the first feminist thinker and Virginia Woolf, arguably the most famous one. Changing times in the second half of nineteenth century was affecting the sensibility and religious clutches on society. It was also affecting notions of patriarchy. Writings of the time ought to reflect that. However, author also presumes a gender of her or his own before writing. That makes her or his gendering of character political and biased. But honest portrayals are important for examining depictions of women in a particular time. This paper aims to analyse two popular writers of the age, a female and a male, to understand the changing notions regarding patriarchy. American novelist Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888) have been written important social novels like novel Little Women (1868) and its sequels Little Men (1871) and Jo's Boys (1886). Her novels features cast of female characters from the contemporary times. Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of Sherlock Holmes, was a British writer writing detective fiction who used to portray his contemporary society. He also uses female characters in her stories. This paper aims to study works of both novelist employing methodologies of close reading and comparative literature to see how depiction of women in nineteenth century America and British fiction changes and what are the reasons for it.

scholarly journals Os perfis femininos nas narrativas de Clodoaldo Freitas

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 431-450
Author(s):  
Cleanne Nayara Galiza Colaço ◽  
Fabiana dos Santos Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Xix Century

O artigo apresenta um estudo das obras Coisas da Vida, Os Barretos, A besta humana e Mãe dolorosa, de Clodoaldo Freitas, com ênfase na análise das personagens femininas. Com isso, busca-se traçar os perfis femininos presentes em tais obras e notar a punição sofrida por aquelas que transgrediram os padrões da sociedade do século XIX. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Perfis femininos. Transgressão. Século XIX. Punição.   ABSTRACT The article presents a study of the works Things in life, The Barretos, The human beast and The mother in pain, by Clodoaldo Freitas, with emphasis on the analysis of female characters. With this, it sought to trace the feminine profiles present in such works and to note the punishment suffered by those who have transgressed the standards of nineteenth-century society. KEYWORDS: Female profiles. Transgression. XIX century. Punishment.

scholarly journals The Kreutzer Sonata

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mustofa ◽  
Fithriyah Inda Nur Abida ◽  
Fahri Fahri
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Leo Tolstoy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Patriarchal Society

Women's inferiority persists, particularly in patriarchal societies. In Russia, women have always been treated as second-class citize (Placeholder1)ns to men. As a result, because it is a system that already exists in society, women's inferiority is the fundamental problem of inequality for women in Russia. The novel The Kreutzer Sonata explores the inferiority of female characters in nineteenth-century Russia, where the church's influence is still strong. The aims of the research were to examine about women inferiority and struggle in patriarchal society as portrayed in the novel The Kreutzer Sonata by Leo Tolstoy. The data was collected using the following methods: 1) attentively reading the novel to determine which sections featured inferiority and struggle, and 2) collecting notes and marking the facts of inferiority in the marriage and society. 3) categorizing; and 4) analyzing. Based on the research, it was discovered that there were two major forms of women's inferiority: 1) the feeling of powerlessness in decision of marriages. This powerlessness happens to both the mother and the daughters. 2) being subjected to discriminatory treatment, such as a lack of freedom and mobility based only on sexuality, as well as physical abuse and loss of inheritance.

History and Memory of Army Women and Female Soldiers, 1770s–1870s

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-200
Author(s):  
Thomas Cardoza ◽  
Karen Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Public Image ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Female Soldiers

The chapter addresses the ways women were involved in warfare on both sides of the Atlantic in the time between the 1770s and 1880s as camp followers, officially recognized auxiliaries, nurses, and cross-dressed female soldiers and how their active war support was perceived and remembered during the nineteenth century. Collective memory of these women represents a complex picture. Camp followers and officially recognized auxiliaries were long forgotten. The small number of cross-dressed female soldiers, too, fell into obscurity, especially if they survived the wars. Yet by the latter half of the nineteenth century, some of these women were rediscovered, and their public image became more positive. Their public portrayal was, however, one dimensional: they were girls and women who rose above the limitations of their sex to defend a “nation in danger.” They now became examples of extraordinary female patriotism.

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