Fractional Land Cover Classification and Temporal Change Evaluation of Deh Akro-II Wetland Complex and Chotiari Wetland Complex, Sindh, Pakistan, Using Google Earth Engine

Wetlands are one of the most important and rich eco system. Deh akro II wetland complex is unique inland type of wetlands comprise of 35 wetlands in middle of Nara desert on bank of Nara Canal. They face a lot of degradation because of anthropogenic activities in the surrounding areas and lack of rainfall in last 2 decades. Chotiari wetland complex located in south east of Deh akro II wetland complex, it comprises of several fresh water lakes converted into reservoir in year 2003 for better irrigation purposes. This conversion of wetlands into reservoir does not did very well for surrounding agricultural lands and natural vegetation. So in this study two technique of Fractional cover mapping were used to classify three types of land covers in both study areas. Temporal analysis was performed using the Landsat 7 ETM+ image of year 2000 and Landsat 8 OLI image of year 2018. For better results NDVI, EVI and NDWI were also calculated. For Deh akro II wetland complex Kappa accuracy statistics for year 2000 is 84% and for year 2018 its 87%. Several changes were recorded in this time span of 18 years as 42% of water bodies area has been decreased, 48% of Agriculture area has been increased and 68% of natural vegetation area has been increased. Increase in amount of vegetation and agriculture indicates that with better management and planning, effects of climate change over the area can be minimized. Kappa accuracy statistics for Chotiari Wetland complex for year 2000 is 71% and for year 2018 it’s 73%. Enormous changes were noted in 18 years as Agriculture area has been decreased up to 91%, water area has been increased up to 15% and vegetation has unluckily decreased up to 98% in reservoir area. This huge decrease in Agriculture and natural vegetation is an alarming situation for the wildlife and native population as well as authorities of Chotiari wetland complex.

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Análise da Expansão Antrópica na Região Oeste do Município de Resende – RJ, em Relação ao Parque Nacional do Itatiaia

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v13.3.p928-940 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 928

Author(s):

Camila Mendes Dos Santos ◽

Cláudio Lindenberg De Freitas ◽

Igor Crabi De Freitas ◽

Ismael Aparecido Da Silva ◽

Nivea Adriana Dias Pons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Google Earth ◽

Western Region ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Parque Nacional Do Itatiaia ◽

The Western Region ◽

Surrounding Areas

O Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (PNI) é uma Unidade de Conservação de proteção integral, que tem por objetivo preservar ambientes aquáticos e terrestres da região da mata atlântica em virtude de sua beleza e raridade. A conservação do PNI depende diretamente das áreas ao redor e o uso irregular destas áreas circunvizinhas impacta negativamente nos processos ecológicos do parque. Observando essa problemática o presente estudo visa analisar a expansão antrópica na região oeste do município de Resende – RJ, em relação ao PNI. Realizaram-se pesquisas bibliográfica e documental sobre o Plano Diretor (PD) do município de Resende e o Plano de Manejo (PM) do PNI. Através de processos de geoprocessamento com base na legislação vigente, analisou-se documentos cartográficos processados a partir da vetorização de shapefiles no Arcgis 10.2 e análise temporal nos anos de 2003, 2013 e 2017 dos dados disponíveis no Google Earth. Os resultados demonstram diminuição das pastagens e aumento do número de edificações ao longo dos anos de estudo. O PM do PNI e o PD de Resende consideram o entorno do parque como uma região sujeita a restrições de atividades humanas, com o intuito de minimizar os impactos negativos ao parque. Contudo, por falta de integração entre os planos alguns pontos se tornam divergentes, muito em decorrência do PD não levar em consideração a zona de amortecimento (ZA) do PNI. Conclui-se o controle da ação antrópica na região é fundamental para garantia e preservação do PNI no município de Resende, a fim de promover um desenvolvimento sustentável. Analysis of the anthropic expansion in the western region of the municipality of Resende - RJ, in relation to the Itatiaia National Park The National Park of Itatiaia (PNI) is a Conservation Unit of integral protection, whose objective is to preserve aquatic and terrestrial environments of the region of the Atlantic forest due to its beauty and rarity. The conservation of the PNI depends directly on the surrounding areas and the irregular use of the surrounding areas has a negative impact on the ecological processes of the park. Observing this problem, the present study aims to analyze the anthropic expansion in the western region of the city of Resende - RJ, in relation to the PNI. Bibliographical and documentary research on the Master Plan (PD) of the municipality of Resende and the Management Plan (PM) of the PNI were carried out. Through geoprocessing processes based on the current legislation, we analyzed cartographic documents processed from the vectorization of shapefiles in Arcgis 10.2 and temporal analysis in the years 2003, 2013 and 2017 of the data available in Google Earth. The results demonstrate a reduction of pastures and an increase in the number and buildings throughout the study years. The PM of the PNI and the PD of Resende consider the surroundings of the park as a region subject to restrictions of human activities, in order to minimize the negative impacts to the park. However, due to lack of integration between the plans some points become divergent, much as the PD does not take into account the buffer zone (ZA) of the PNI. The control of the anthropic action in the region is fundamental to guarantee and preserve the PNI in the municipality of Resende, in order to promote a sustainable development. Keywords: Expansion; Geoprocessing; Protection Area.

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DINÂMICA DO VOLUME, BIOMASSA E CARBONO NA MATA ATLÂNTICA POR FERRAMENTA DE DETECÇÃO DE MUDANÇAS

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v7i4.6935 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 437

Author(s):

Ayrton Machado ◽

Ana Paula Marques Martins ◽

Carlos Roberto Sanquetta ◽

Ana Paula Dalla Corte ◽

Jaime Wojciechowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

South American ◽

Landsat 8 Oli ◽

Mata Atlântica ◽

Landsat 7 ◽

Mata Atlantica ◽

Year 2000 ◽

Iguaçu River

A Mata Atlântica é reconhecida internacionalmente como uma das maiores e mais importantes florestas tropicais do continente sul-americano e além de sua importância para a biodiversidade, esse Bioma exerce importante função no ciclo de carbono. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e aplicar uma rotina de detecção de mudanças dos estoques de volume, biomassa e carbono de 2000 a 2015 na Bacia do Rio Iguaçu, Estado do Paraná. Foram utilizadas imagens Landsat-7 ETM+ para o ano 2000 e Landsat-8 OLI para o ano de 2015 totalizando dez cenas para cada período. Foi desenvolvido uma rotina em Python e implementado no Software ArcGIS 10.4 para realizar a automatização de um processo de cálculo de estimativa de volume, biomassa e carbono para os remanescentes de vegetação natural. Houve acréscimo de 15,21% em volume, 14,95% em biomassa, 14,96% em carbono não considerando os estágios sucessionais nem subdivisão por fitofisionomia na bacia do Rio Iguaçu. Desta forma, concluiu-se que a região de estudo está colaborando de forma positiva para a remoção de dióxido de carbono da atmosfera.Palavras-chave: bacia do rio Iguaçu; mudanças climáticas; sequestro de carbono. DYNAMICS OF VOLUME, BIOMASS AND CARBON IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST BY A CHANGE DETECTION TOOL ABSTRACT: The Atlantic Forest is recognized internationally as one of the largest and most important tropical forests in the South American continent and besides its importance for biodiversity, this biome plays important role in the carbon cycle. The objective of this work was to develop and apply a routine of detection of changes in volume, biomass and carbon stocks from 2000 to 2015 in the Iguaçu River Basin, State of Paraná. They were used Landsat-7 ETM+ images for the year 2000 and Landsat-8 OLI images for the year 2015 totaling ten images for each period. A routine was developed in Python and implemented in ArcGIS 10.4 Software to perform the automation of a calculation process of volume, biomass and carbon estimation for the remnants of natural vegetation. There was an increase of 15.21% in volume, 14.95% in biomass, 14.96% in carbon, not considering successional stages nor subdivision by phytophysiognomy in the Iguaçu River basin. Thus concludes that the region of study is collaborating in a positive way for the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.Keywords: Iguaçu river basin; climate changes; carbon sequestration.

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Spatial Monitoring of Urban Development Direction using Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS in Balikpapan City, Indonesia

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.d1893.029420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 2703-2711

Keyword(s):

Urban Development ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Control Function ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Vegetation Density ◽

Landsat 8 Oli ◽

Density Class ◽

Landsat 7

The development of urban areas in the city of Balikpapan increases over time and is characterized by increasing population. The growth and development of urban areas needs to be monitored so that the control function on area spatial can be implemented. This research aims to determine the direction of urban areas and measure the density of the built-up as a leading indicator of the development of urban areas in Balikpapan. The method used in this study is the multispasio-temporal analysis of remote sensing data of Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS which contain a combination of spectral transformation, classification supervised Maximum Likelihood, accuracy assessment and statistical analysis. The results showed the trend of urban development from 2001 to 2019 towards east and northeast with the highest built-up density located in the sub-district of Balikpapan Tengah by 82.07% and followed by the sub-district of Balikpapan Kota by 76.94%. The largest land conversion took place on the bare soil with low vegetation density class to be vegetation with the converted area of 7095.91 ha or approximately 14.10% followed by the bare soil with low vegetation density class to be built-up with the converted area of 5826.86 ha or about 11.58% of the total area of Balikpapan city during the period from 2001 to 2019. The accuracy of urban development map in 2001 reaches 92.39 % and the year 2019 reaches 95.69 %, while the accuracy of land cover map in 2001 reaches 85.57% and the year 2019 reaches 87.28 %.

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Análise geoespacial do processo de desmatamento da Caatinga no município de Catolé do Rocha – PB

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i2.3924 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 239-244

Author(s):

R. A. Oliveira ◽

J. S. Almeida ◽

W. F. Melo ◽

A. B. A. Andrade ◽

W. F. Mello

Keyword(s):

Temporal Analysis ◽

Geospatial Analysis ◽

Boolean Logic ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Programming Environment ◽

Average Performance ◽

Analysis Process ◽

Landsat 7 ◽

Multi Temporal ◽

Dense Coverage

Objetivou-se analisar o processo de desmatamento no município de Catolé do Rocha-PB. Com o presente trabalho estabelecemos uma análise multitemporal das mudanças no uso e ocupação do solo no município de Catolé do Rocha entre os anos de 2005 e 2013. Foram utilizadas imagens do sensor TM Landsat-7, ano 2005 Bandas 3, 4, 5, ponto 216 e órbita 064, e Landsat-8 Banda 8, ponto 216, órbita 064, (georreferenciada). No ano de 2013 as imagens foram corrigidas no Regeemy 0.2.43, e processadas, filtradas e classificadas no SPRING 5.2, a classificação foi efetuada pelo método pixel a pixel, foi obtido 9 amostras para cada classe, com desempenho médio acima de 90%. A imagem resultante da sobreposição dos planos de informação foi obtida por cruzamento usando lógica booleana, no ambiente de programação em LEGAL. A vegetação manteve os níveis degradação principalmente sobtre as regiões de classes (Caatinga Estépica Florestada Mantida e Caatinga Estépica Arborizada Mantida), representando respectivamente, 14,7% e 27,0%. Isso descreve os elevados níveis de degradação que as atividades impõem sobre a paisagem. Também pode-se observar nessas áreas, condições de raleamento da cobertura mais densa e aumento da cobertura menos densa. Caracterizando um aumento do processo de degradação da vegetação natural. Geospatial analysis process of deforestation Caatinga in the municipality of Catolé do Rocha – PBAbstract: This study aimed to analyze the process of deforestation in the municipality of Catolé do Rocha-PB. The present work established a multi-temporal analysis of changes in the use and occupation of land in the municipality Catolé do Rocha between the years 2005 and 2013. They were used sensor images TM Landsat-7, 2005 Bands 3, 4, 5, point 216 and orbit 064, and Landsat-8 Band 8, paragraph 216, orbiting 064 (georeferenced), 2013, The images were corrected in Regeemy 0.2.43, and processed, filtered and sorted in SPRING 5.2, the rating was performed by the pixel-by-pixel method, 9 samples was obtained for each class, with an average performance above 90%. The resulting overlay of information layers was obtained by crossing using Boolean logic, at Legal in programming environment. The vegetation degradation levels remained mainly on the classes of regions (Caatinga Caatinga and Maintained Forested Steppe Steppe Tree Maintained), representing respectively 14.7% and 27.0%. This describes the high levels of degradation that activities impose on the landscape. It can also be observed in these areas, thinning conditions of denser coverage and increased less dense coverage. Featuring an increased degradation of natural vegetation process.

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Gap-Free Monitoring of Annual Mangrove Forest Dynamics in Ca Mau Province, Vietnamese Mekong Delta, Using the Landsat-7-8 Archives and Post-Classification Temporal Optimization

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12223729 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 3729

Author(s):

Leon T. Hauser ◽

Nguyen An Binh ◽

Pham Viet Hoa ◽

Nguyen Hong Quan ◽

Joris Timmermans

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Mangrove Forest ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Google Earth ◽

Data Availability ◽

Forest Monitoring ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Landsat 7

Ecosystem services offered by mangrove forests are facing severe risks, particularly through land use change driven by human development. Remote sensing has become a primary instrument to monitor the land use dynamics surrounding mangrove ecosystems. Where studies formerly relied on bi-temporal assessments of change, the practical limitations concerning data-availability and processing power are slowly disappearing with the onset of high-performance computing (HPC) and cloud-computing services, such as in the Google Earth Engine (GEE). This paper combines the capabilities of GEE, including its entire Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 archives and state-of-the-art classification approaches, with a post-classification temporal analysis to optimize land use classification results into gap-free and consistent information. The results demonstrate its application and value to uncover the spatio-temporal dynamics of mangrove forests and land use changes in Ngoc Hien District, Ca Mau province, Vietnamese Mekong delta. The combination of repeated GEE classification output and post-classification optimization provides valid spatial classification (94–96% accuracy) and temporal interpolation (87–92% accuracy). The findings reveal that the net change of mangroves forests over the 2001–2019 period equals −0.01% annually. The annual gap-free maps enable spatial identification of hotspots of mangrove forest changes, including deforestation and degradation. Post-classification temporal optimization allows for an exploitation of temporal patterns to synthesize and enhance independent classifications towards more robust gap-free spatial maps that are temporally consistent with logical land use transitions. The study contributes to a growing body of work advocating full exploitation of temporal information in optimizing land cover classification and demonstrates its use for mangrove forest monitoring.

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Land Use Land Cover Analysis using Geospatial Techniques

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.37339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2561-2566

Author(s):

Babita Singh

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Satellite Images ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Google Earth ◽

Landscape Configuration ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Visual Interpretation ◽

Open Forest

Abstract: Remote sensing and Geographic information system (GIS) techniques can be used for the changing pattern of landscape. The study was conducted in Dehradun, Haridwar and Pauri Garhwal Districts of Uttarakhand State, India. In order to understand dynamics of landscape and to examine changes in the land use/cover due to anthropogenic activities, two satellite images (Landsat 5 and Landsat 8) for 1998 and 2020 were used. Google Earth Engine was used to perform supervised classification. Spectral indices (NDVI, MNDWI, SAVI, NDBI) were calculated in order to identify land cover classes. Both 1998 and 2020 satellite images were classified broadly into six classes namely agriculture, built-up, dense forest, open forest, scrub and waterbody. Using high resolution google earth satellite images and visual interpretation, overall accuracy assessment was performed. For land cover/use change analysis, these images were imported to GIS platform. Landscape configuration was observed by calculating various landscape metrices Images. It was observed that scrub land area had increased from 11 % to 14 % but a decrease in agriculture by 4.65 %. The increased value of NP, PD, PLAND, LPI and decrease in AI landscape indices shows that land fragmentation had increased since 1998. The most fragmented classes were scrub (PD - 3.32 to 5.18) and open forest (PD - 3.57 to 5.07). Decrease in AI for open forest, agriculture, built-up indicated that more fragmented patches of these classes were present. The result confirmed increase in the fragmentation of landscape from 1998 onwards. Keywords: GIS, LULC, landscape metrics, Remote Sensing

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Mapping Vegetation Species Succession in a Mountainous Grassland ecosystem using Landsat and Sentinel-2 data

10.1101/2021.08.18.456865 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Efosa Gbenga Adagbasa ◽

Geofrey Mukwada

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Google Earth ◽

Grass Species ◽

Species Succession ◽

Learning Classifier ◽

Landsat 7 ◽

Vegetation Species ◽

Sentinel 2

Vegetation species succession and composition are significant factors determining the rate of ecosystem biodiversity recovery after being disturbed and subsequently vital for sustainable and effective natural resource management and biodiversity. The succession and composition of grasslands ecosystems worldwide have significantly been affected by accelerated environmental changes due to natural and anthropogenic activities. Therefore, understanding spatial data on the succession of grassland vegetation species and communities through mapping and monitoring is essential to gain knowledge on the ecosystem and other ecosystem services. This study used a random forest machine learning classifier on the Google Earth Engine platform to classify grass vegetation species with Landsat 7 ETM+ and ASTER multispectral imager (MI) data resampled with the current Sentinel-2 MSI data to map and estimate the changes in vegetation species succession. The results indicate that ASTER IM has the least accuracy of 72%, Landsat 7 ETM+ 84%, and Sentinel-2 had the highest of 87%. The result also shows that other species had replaced four dominant grass species totaling about 49 km 2 throughout the study.

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Spatial Temporal Analysis of Coral Reefs in Belitung Tourism Destination Islands

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20187303024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 03024

Author(s):

Pavita Raudina Sari ◽

Ratna Saraswati ◽

Adi Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Coral Reefs ◽

Image Data ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Tourism Destination ◽

Natural Factor ◽

Tourist Attractions ◽

Natural Factors ◽

Landsat 7 ◽

Landsat Satellite

One of the world’s most spectacular ecosystems in this world is the coral reef. In Indonesia, Bangka Belitung is one province which has beautiful coral reefs and has become one of the tourist attractions. However, there might be a loss of the coral reefs area that can be caused by natural factors and human activities. This study aims to analyze the distribution and the changing of coral reefs that occurred in the islands of tourist destination in Belitung Regency from 2005 to 2018 and to analyze its factors. Landsat satellite imageries used in this study are Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS. The distribution of coral reefs will be determined by image data processing. Then, overlay methods are used to analyze the changes and its factors. Based on the analysis, in the year of 2005-2018, there are 3.93 km2 areas of coral reefs that have decreased. On the top of that, there are 1.34 km2 or about 34.04% of coral reefs areas have decreased that caused by non-natural factors. It can be concluded that the decreased of the coral reefs occurred in Belitung tourism destination islands, are still dominated by natural factors rather than a non-natural factor.

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Estimation of Green Land to Urban Change Based on Cellular Automata (CA) Method in Singaraja City and its Surrounding Areas

International Journal of Environment and Geosciences ◽

10.24843/ijeg.2018.v02.i01.p01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Nyoman Arto Suprapto ◽

Takahiro Osawa ◽

I Dewa Nyoman Nurweda Putra

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Land Conversion ◽

Landsat 7 ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

Green Land

Singaraja city is the second largest city in Bali which have a fairly rapid growth. Growth and development of the region in urban areas of Singaraja give the positive impact on the economy of the community but also give the negative impact on the environment. Land use change and land conversion into one of the negative issues of the development of urban areas in Singaraja. This study intends to calculate the amount of land conversion occur on the green land into urban areas within 14 years (2001-2015) and predict land use change in 2020 and 2025 in Singaraja City and Its Sorrounding Areas. Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 imageries were used to determine the land use map. Land use map obtained through the process of image classification using supervised method then verified using data field. Land use maps in 2015 and 2001 used to obtain the amount of change of urban areas and green land during the period of 14 years. This results show increasing amount of urban areas as 11,37% (3.153,74 ha) whereas green land decreased by 11,17% (3.097,68 ha). Land use change was predicted by Markov method. The projection results show the amount of urban areas in 2020 was 27,40% (7.598,45 ha) and 35,97% (9.974,55 ha) in 2025. The results obtained with this prediction accuracy rate of 0.91.

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The Dynamics Of Urbanizations And Concomitant Land Use Land Cover Transformations In Planned And Quasi-Planned Urban Settlements Of Pakistan

GEOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY ◽

10.24057/2071-9388-2020-64 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 107-120

Author(s):

Haq M. Zaman ◽

Z. Saqib ◽

Atif S. Bokhari ◽

N. Akhtar ◽

S. Amir

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Land ◽

Google Earth ◽

Time Interval ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Land Use Land Cover ◽

Resource Managers ◽

Landsat 7 ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Landsat 5 Tm ◽

Google Earth Engine

An attempt has been made to compare the salient characteristics of LULC transformations in planned (Faisalabad) and quasi-planned (Jhang) urban settlements of Pakistan. The Landsat-5 TM, Landsat 7 EMT+ and Landsat-8 images of 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019, respectively, were retrieved and processed through google earth engine. The dynamics of LULC critically analyzed for the three periods 1989–1999, 1999–2009 and 2009–2019. The LULC analyzed in terms of quantity of change, gains, losses, and persistence of the study area examined carefully. The study mainly focuses on the LULC transformations of the previous 30 years (1989–2019). These 30 years witnessed massive physical expansions and LULC convergences. During this time interval, the built-up areas in these cities expanded, and productive agricultural land substantially squeezed. The spatialtemporal analysis of LULC changes calls for improvised strategies for the resilience of land and environmental resources. The direct beneficiaries of this research are resource managers and regional planners as well as others scientific community.

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