scholarly journals INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR DIABETES THROUGH LIFE STYLE MODIFICATIONS AND YOGA: A CRITICAL REVIEW

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3028-3034
Author(s):  
Pooja Rani ◽  
Subash Sahu ◽  
Jai Singh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Characteristic Features

Diabetes mellitus is defined as multiple etiological disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbed of metabolism leads into defective insulin secretion, action or both. Research showed 150 million people have diabetes mellitus worldwide, which can be doubled by the year 2025. This tremendous sudden increase is due to population growth, ageing, unhealthy diets, obesity and sedentary lifestyles. In contemporary science diabetes management includes uses of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin injections still blood sugar level remains uncontrolled and may leads to further complications. In Ayurveda characteristic features of diabetes has been described under Madhumeha in which treatment principles have been explained beautifully in detail which includes Shodhana therapy, Shamana therapy, diet and Yogic exercise. Through various studies we come across that there have been lots of research works done on role of Ayurveda and yoga in diabetes mellitus. In this article an attempt has been made to collect various data published by CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, ICMR and CSIR has. Along with data available on PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, AYUSH research portal and various online journals based on some clinical studies. So, that a multidimensional approach can be made through these resources and apply to cure the patient and improve quality of life.

scholarly journals Role of oral hypoglycemic agents in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
AbdulHamid Zargar ◽  
MirIftikhar Bashir ◽  
SyedAbbas Raza ◽  
AK Azad Khan ◽  
RakeshK Sahay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents

The Diabetic Surgical Patient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathline Layba ◽  
Lance Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Preoperative Management ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Intraoperative Management

Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States; diabetic patients have a 50% chance of undergoing a surgical procedure during their lifetime, and operations in this patient population have been associated with a reported mortality of 4% to 13%. Careful planning of operative management and perioperative care must be taken into account when scheduling surgery for diabetic patients, especially patients taking insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. Debate continues and inconsistencies remain regarding the management of both diabetes and hyperglycemia in the surgical setting. The review covers the evaluation of the diabetic patient, preoperative management, intraoperative management, postoperative management, total parenteral nutrition and blood glucose, cardiovascular and renal assessment, infection, and special populations.  This review contains 2 figures, 5 tables, and 21 references Keywords: Glucose, Hyperglycemia, perioperative period, surgery, diabetes mellitus, surgical site infection, preoperative management, postoperative management, wound healing

scholarly journals The importance and advantages of the timely prescription of insulin to the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
I R Iarek-Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Adequate Treatment

The onset of insulin therapy is an important stage in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its timely beginning ensures better control of glycemia and reduces the negative consequences of chronic glucose cytotoxicity and lipotoxicity. The achievement and maintenance of the stable compensation of the disease are the indispensable conditions for successful prophylaxis and adequate treatment of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. The ADA guidelines recommend to initiate insulin therapy at the early stages of the disease provided it is dictated by the clinical situation or combine it with the use of oral hypoglycemic agents if the targeted HbA1c levels fail to be reached despite the intake of one or more tableted preparations.

Role of Circulating Microparticles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Pathological Clotting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siphosethu Cassandra Maphumulo ◽  
Etheresia Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and a deficiency in insulin secretion. The global diabetes pandemic relates primarily to T2DM, which is the most prevalent form of diabetes, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Chronic low-grade inflammation, triggered by numerous risk factors, and the chronic activation of the immune system are prominent features of T2DM. Here we highlight the role of blood cells (platelets, and red and white blood cells) and vascular endothelial cells as drivers of systemic inflammation in T2DM. In addition, we discuss the role of microparticles (MPs) in systemic inflammation and hypercoagulation. Although once seen as inert by-products of cell activation or destruction, MPs are now considered to be a disseminated storage pool of bioactive effectors of thrombosis, inflammation, and vascular function. They have been identified to circulate at elevated levels in the bloodstream of individuals with increased risk of atherothrombosis or cardiovascular disease, two significant hallmark conditions of T2DM. There is also general evidence that MPs activate blood cells, express proinflammatory and coagulant effects, interact directly with cell receptors, and transfer biological material. MPs are considered major players in the pathogenesis of many systemic inflammatory diseases and may be potentially useful biomarkers of disease activity and may not only be of prognostic value but may act as novel therapeutic targets.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in the world and in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
N. B. Zelinska ◽  
K. V. Grishchenko ◽  
E. V. Globa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Metformin Monotherapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Introduction. Recently, many studies have been devoted to the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) worldwide. In most countries of the world, the increase in the prevalence of DM2 among children and adolescents is accompanied by an increase in childhood obesity. The presence of obesity or overweight in children can complicate the diagnosis of various types of DM. Detection and treatment of DM2 is extremely important for the society due to the wide range of severe diabetes complications.The aim of this work was to analyze the frequency of DM2 according to the Register of patients with DM, and to determine the state of glycemic control in children with DM2. Materials and methods. An analysis of glycemic control in children with DM2 who received various treatment regimens: with diet and lifestyle modifications, or with additional oral hypoglycemic agents (metformin monotherapy, or combination with insulin therapy). The glycemic control was assessed by measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. Results. According to the data Register in Ukraine, the prevalence of DM among children has a tendency to rise — from 8.6 per 10 thousand children in 2005, to 13.14 — in 2019 year. The prevalence of DM2 in 2019 was 0.47 % of all cases of DM, and its prevalence contained 0.062 per 10 thousand children under 19 years of age with significant differences in the frequency of its diagnosis in different regions of Ukraine. We analyzed the state of glycemic control in children with DM2 aged from 9 up to 19 years old (Me 16.2 [15.5; 18.0]), with a  disease duration 0.5—12 years (Me 4.5 [1.0] ; 7.5]). The age of diagnosis of DM2 was 2-17 years old (Me 11.7 [8.5; 15.0]), and 91.3 % of patients had obesity. Diet and lifestyle modifications were used in 34.8 % of patients, metformin monotherapy in 52.2 %, and metformin and insulin combination therapy in 13 % of patients. HbA1c values ​​ranged from 5.0 to 11.4 % (Me 7.2 % [5,8; 8,0]). The proportion of children who had ideal or optimal glycemic control (HbA1c 7.0—7.5 %) was 52.2 %, suboptimal (HbA1c 7.6—9.0 %) — 39.1 %, high-risk glycemic control (HbA1c> 9.1 %) — 8.7 % of children. The most unsatisfactory HbA1c levels ​​were registered in children who received metformin in combination with insulin (Me 10.6 % [10,15; 11,4]). Chronic complications of DM2 have not been reported.Conclusions. We found a low prevalence of DM2 among the pediatric population in Ukraine, more likely due to the low quality of its detection among children diagnosed with DM, as well as among children among high risk groups. Most children with DM 2 were obese. The majority of patients with DM2 (52.2 %) received metformin monotherapy, more than a third did not receive oral hypoglycemic agents. In most children with DM2 (52,2 %), the state of glycemic control corresponded to the optimal (< 7.5 %), but higher levels of HbA1c were found children who received metformin in combination with insulin.

A Snapshot of Risk Stratification of Diabetic Patients Fasting during the Month of Ramadan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3427-3429
Author(s):  
Asim Hassan ◽  
Wedad Abullah Aldahasai ◽  
Shayma Abdulatif Alsalmi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State ◽  
Risk Patients

Objectives: To get a clinical snapshot of the diabetic patients who planned to fast during the month of Ramadan and to determine the ability of the RRR application to effectively risk-stratify patients. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Armed Forces Hospital Al-Hada, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1st April 2018 to 31st May 2018. Methodology: Ninety six patients over 15 years of age with diabetes mellitus were risk stratified using standardized risk criteria were enrolled. Detailed analysis of the information was performed to paint a clinical landscape of the patients who intended to fast. Results: Seventy four percent of the patients were type 2 diabetics, 11% GDM, 31% were between 60-70 years and 17 % had diabetes for more than 20 years. 17% of participants had serious complications during the last three months before Ramadan including hypoglycemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). 59% had chronic diabetic complications. 28 % of patients were on both insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) together and 16 % on high risk medications. 25% of patients had an HbA1C of more than 10%. Pertaining to the previous Ramadan experience 19% disclosed having serious complications in the past. 6 % were categorized as low risk individuals, 76% as moderate, 6% high and 12 % as very high risk. Conclusions: Astonishingly all the patients advised to refrain from fasting insisted on fasting. Considering the latest IDF numbers the above calculated percentages would translate into very huge numbers who are in serious jeopardy. In order to prevent serious consequences it is highly recommends that evidence based and validated risk stratification strategies are implemented in routine clinical practices. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Fast, Hypoglycemia, High risk patients

The Diabetic Surgical Patient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathline Layba ◽  
Lance Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Preoperative Management ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Intraoperative Management

Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States; diabetic patients have a 50% chance of undergoing a surgical procedure during their lifetime, and operations in this patient population have been associated with a reported mortality of 4% to 13%. Careful planning of operative management and perioperative care must be taken into account when scheduling surgery for diabetic patients, especially patients taking insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. Debate continues and inconsistencies remain regarding the management of both diabetes and hyperglycemia in the surgical setting. The review covers the evaluation of the diabetic patient, preoperative management, intraoperative management, postoperative management, total parenteral nutrition and blood glucose, cardiovascular and renal assessment, infection, and special populations.  This review contains 2 figures, 5 tables, and 21 references Keywords: Glucose, Hyperglycemia, perioperative period, surgery, diabetes mellitus, surgical site infection, preoperative management, postoperative management, wound healing

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